6 results
Energy and nutrient intake by 11-13-year-old young adolescents attending private schools in Delhi, India
- Anupama Ivaturi, Lynne Giles, Loc Giang Do, Tina Rawal, Monika Arora, Paula J Moynihan
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Accepted manuscript
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 June 2024, pp. 1-26
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There are no high-quality data on dietary behavior of adolescents in India. This study aimed to assess the intake of energy (E), macronutrients and selected micronutrients in a sample of 11–13-year-old schoolchildren in Delhi, India. Participants from private schools (n=10) recorded dietary intake using a 3-day food diary. Information was entered into the dietary assessment tool, Intake24, to ascertain portion size and convert data into nutrient intake through integrated food tables. Of the 514 consenting participants, 393 (76.4%) (169 girls, 224 boys) aged 11.4 (± 1.8) years completed the study. The median (interquartile range (IQR) daily E intake was 2580 (2139.3-2989.8) kcal [10.8 (9.0 -12.5) MJ] for girls, and 2941.5 (2466.7- 3599.3) kcal [12.3 (10.3- 15.2) MJ] for boys. The median (IQR) daily nutrient intakes for girls and boys respectively were: protein 64.6 (54.8-79.3) g, 74.4 (61.4; 89.4) g; carbohydrate 336.5 (285.3- 393.6) g, 379.6 (317.8-461.8) g; and saturated fat 45.6 (34.8-58.3) g, 54.6 (41.9-69.5) g. There were no significant between-gender differences in percent E from protein (10.2 (9.2 - 11.4)), or carbohydrate (52.4 (48.7- 56.7)). Girls obtained less percent E from saturated fat (16.1 (11.0-18.2) compared with boys 16.3 (14.2 - 19.1) (P<0.05). E from saturated fat was above Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations in >74% participants. The EAR for iron was achieved by < 40% of girls. In conclusion, strategies to optimize dietary intake of adolescents in India should focus on preventing excess intakes of E and saturated fat, and improving iron intake in girls.
Geographical distribution of invasive meningococcal disease and carriage: A spatial analysis
- Adriana Milazzo, Mark McMillan, Lynne Giles, Kira Page, Louise Flood, Helen Marshall
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 152 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 January 2024, e22
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Little information exists concerning the spatial relationship between invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) carriage. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a relationship between IMD and asymptomatic oropharyngeal carriage of meningococci by spatial analysis to identify the distribution and patterns of cases and carriage in South Australia (SA). Carriage data geocoded to participants’ residential addresses and meningococcal case notifications using Postal Area (POA) centroids were used to analyse spatial distribution by disease- and non-disease-associated genogroups, as well as overall from 2017 to 2020. The majority of IMD cases were genogroup B with the overall highest incidence of cases reported in infants, young children, and adolescents. We found no clear spatial association between N. meningitidis carriage and IMD cases. However, analyses using carriage and case genogroups showed differences in the spatial distribution between metropolitan and regional areas. Regional areas had a higher rate of IMD cases and carriage prevalence. While no clear relationship between cases and carriage was evident in the spatial analysis, the higher rates of both carriage and disease in regional areas highlight the need to maintain high vaccine coverage outside of the well-resourced metropolitan area.
6 Feasibility and Perceived Benefit of an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Approach within a Tertiary Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Setting
- Darcy Raches, Jason M Ashford, Martina Bryndziar, Taylor Mule, April Huggins, Sherry Lockett, Allison Harris, Hannah Taylor, Ellen Bursi, Regina Winfrey, Sue B Lynn, Amar Gajjar, Giles W Robinson, Heather M Conklin
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 8-9
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Objective:
Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor. Approximately 29% of medulloblastoma patients experience postoperative posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) characterized by impairments in speech, motor, and mood. An interdisciplinary rehabilitation approach is associated with greater rehabilitation gains than a single discipline approach for brain injury patients with significant rehabilitation needs. However, literature regarding the feasibility and utility of this approach within a tertiary care pediatric hematology/oncology setting is lacking. The Acute Neurological Injury (ANI) service was developed to coordinate care for neurologically complex hematology/oncology patients receiving active cancer treatment, including those with PFS. ANI care coordination includes bimonthly interdisciplinary team meetings, interdisciplinary goal implementation for each patient, parent psychoeducation about applicable brain-behavior relationships (including PFS) at treatment initiation, neuropsychological assessment at transition times throughout treatment, cognitive remediation, and coordinated end of treatment transition planning. We gathered caregiver perspective on this approach within a tertiary care pediatric hematology/oncology setting.
Participants and Methods:Parents of children and young adults (ages 4-20) with PFS after medulloblastoma resection who received coordinated care as part of the ANI program (n=20) were interviewed at least 4 months following completion of cancer treatment. 75% experienced postoperative mutism while the remainder experienced significantly decreased speech without mutism. All received cranial-spinal irradiation and focal boosts to tumor sites followed by chemotherapy per multi-institutional treatment protocol. Caregivers were interviewed regarding perceived feasibility and utility of ANI program components including parent psychoeducation, neuropsychological assessment, cognitive remediation, and interdisciplinary team coordination/goal setting, as well as parental supports. Yes/no responses were gathered as well as responses regarding the perceived utility of aspects of the interdisciplinary ANI program approach via a five-point Likert scale.
Results:Surveys were completed by 66% of families contacted. Mean age at first contact with neuropsychology as part of the ANI program was 9.45 years (SD=4.4 years). Mean time between end of treatment and parent interview was 3.20 years (SD=2.01 years). Most parents reported that initial psychoeducation about PFS helped to decrease their concerns (81%) and increased their understanding of their child’s functioning in the context of PFS (88%). They reported benefit from neuropsychological assessment reports prior to initiating adjuvant treatment (92%), at end of treatment (90%), and one year following initiation of cancer treatment (100%), though they perceived less benefit from assessments intended to inform provider interventions during treatment (81% and 66%). Reports were shared most often with schools (75%), behavioral therapists (50%), physicians (50%), and rehabilitation specialists (25%). Parents indicated that the interdisciplinary ANI program approach was helpful (94%) and the coordinated interdisciplinary goal was beneficial (92%). Most parents favored the weekly frequency of cognitive remediation sessions (83%). Much interest was voiced in establishing a formal mentoring program to offer peer support by parents whose children have previously experienced PFS to those acutely managing a new PFS diagnosis (95%). Of note, all participants indicated that they would be willing to serve in a peer mentor role (100%).
Conclusions:The interdisciplinary ANI program approach is feasible with perceived benefits to families managing new PFS and medulloblastoma diagnoses and receiving active cancer treatment.
The Bangor Gambling Task: Characterising the Performance of Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury
- Anna-Lynne Ruth Adlam, Malcolm Adams, Oliver Turnbull, Giles Yeates, Fergus Gracey
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- Brain Impairment / Volume 18 / Issue 1 / March 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 February 2017, pp. 62-73
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The Bangor Gambling Task (BGT, Bowman & Turnbull, 2004) is a simple test of emotion-based decision making, with contingencies varying across five blocks of 20 trials. This is the first study to characterise BGT performance in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to healthy controls. The study also aimed to explore sub-groups (cluster analysis), and identify predictors of task performance (multiple regression). Thirty survivors of TBI and thirty-nine controls completed the BGT and measures of processing speed, pre-morbid IQ, working memory, and executive function. Results showed that survivors of TBI made more gamble choices than controls (total BGT score), although the groups did not significantly differ when using a cut-off score for ‘impaired’ performance. Unexpectedly, the groups did not significantly differ in their performance across the blocks; however, the cluster analysis revealed three subgroups (with survivors of TBI and controls represented in each cluster). Findings also indicated that only age and group were significant predictors of overall BGT performance. In conclusion, the study findings are consistent with an individual difference account of emotion-based decision making, and a number of issues need to be addressed prior to recommending the clinical use of the BGT.
Anthropometric indices predict physical function and mobility in older Australians: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing
- Elaine Bannerman, Michelle D Miller, Lynne A Daniels, Lynne Cobiac, Lynne C Giles, Craig Whitehead, Gary R Andrews, Maria Crotty
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 5 / Issue 5 / December 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 December 2006, pp. 655-662
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Objective:
To evaluate, in terms of function and mobility, the predictive value of commonly adopted anthropometric ‘definitions’ used in the nutritional assessment of older adults, in a cohort of older Australians.
Design:Prospective cohort study – Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA).
Setting:Adelaide, South Australia (1992–1994).
Subjects:Data were analysed from 1272 non-institutionalised (685 males, 587 females) older adults ≥70 years old in South Australia. Seven ‘definitions’ commonly used in the anthropometric assessment of both under- and overnutrition (including four using body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and percentage weight change) were evaluated at baseline, for their ability to predict functional and mobility limitation assessed (by self-report questionnaire) at two years follow-up. All questionnaires were administered and anthropometry performed by trained investigators. The associations between the definitions and decline in mobility and physical function were evaluated over two years using multiple logistic regression.
Results:A BMI >85th percentile or >30 kgm−2 or a waist circumference of >102 cm in males and >88 cm in females increased risk of functional and mobility limitations. Over two years, a loss of 10% body weight significantly increased the risk of functional and mobility limitations.
Conclusion:Maintaining weight within older adults, irrespective of initial body weight, may be important in preventing functional and mobility limitations. Excessive weight is associated with an increased risk of limitation in function and mobility, both key components of health-related quality of life.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: MLA Members Speak
- April Alliston, Elizabeth Ammons, Jean Arnold, Nina Baym, Sandra L. Beckett, Peter G. Beidler, Roger A. Berger, Sandra Bermann, J.J. Wilson, Troy Boone, Alison Booth, Wayne C. Booth, James Phelan, Marie Borroff, Ihab Hassan, Ulrich Weisstein, Zack Bowen, Jill Campbell, Dan Campion, Jay Caplan, Maurice Charney, Beverly Lyon Clark, Robert A. Colby, Thomas C. Coleman III, Nicole Cooley, Richard Dellamora, Morris Dickstein, Terrell Dixon, Emory Elliott, Caryl Emerson, Ann W. Engar, Lars Engle, Kai Hammermeister, N. N. Feltes, Mary Anne Ferguson, Annie Finch, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Jerry Aline Flieger, Norman Friedman, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Sandra M. Gilbert, Laurie Grobman, George Guida, Liselotte Gumpel, R. K. Gupta, Florence Howe, Cathy L. Jrade, Richard A. Kaye, Calhoun Winton, Murray Krieger, Robert Langbaum, Richard A. Lanham, Marilee Lindemann, Paul Michael Lützeler, Thomas J. Lynn, Juliet Flower MacCannell, Michelle A. Massé, Irving Massey, Georges May, Christian W. Hallstein, Gita May, Lucy McDiarmid, Ellen Messer-Davidow, Koritha Mitchell, Robin Smiles, Kenyatta Albeny, George Monteiro, Joel Myerson, Alan Nadel, Ashton Nichols, Jeffrey Nishimura, Neal Oxenhandler, David Palumbo-Liu, Vincent P. Pecora, David Porter, Nancy Potter, Ronald C. Rosbottom, Elias L. Rivers, Gerhard F. Strasser, J. L. Styan, Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, Gary Totten, David van Leer, Asha Varadharajan, Orrin N. C. Wang, Sharon Willis, Louise E. Wright, Donald A. Yates, Takayuki Yokota-Murakami, Richard E. Zeikowitz, Angelika Bammer, Dale Bauer, Karl Beckson, Betsy A. Bowen, Stacey Donohue, Sheila Emerson, Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Jay L. Halio, Karl Kroeber, Terence Hawkes, William B. Hunter, Mary Jambus, Willard F. King, Nancy K. Miller, Jody Norton, Ann Pellegrini, S. P. Rosenbaum, Lorie Roth, Robert Scholes, Joanne Shattock, Rosemary T. VanArsdel, Alfred Bendixen, Alarma Kathleen Brown, Michael J. Kiskis, Debra A. Castillo, Rey Chow, John F. Crossen, Robert F. Fleissner, Regenia Gagnier, Nicholas Howe, M. Thomas Inge, Frank Mehring, Hyungji Park, Jahan Ramazani, Kenneth M. Roemer, Deborah D. Rogers, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, Regina M. Schwartz, John T. Shawcross, Brenda R. Silver, Andrew von Hendy, Virginia Wright Wexman, Britta Zangen, A. Owen Aldridge, Paula R. Backscheider, Roland Bartel, E. M. Forster, Milton Birnbaum, Jonathan Bishop, Crystal Downing, Frank H. Ellis, Roberto Forns-Broggi, James R. Giles, Mary E. Giles, Susan Blair Green, Madelyn Gutwirth, Constance B. Hieatt, Titi Adepitan, Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., Emanuel Mussman, Sally Todd Nelson, Robert O. Preyer, David Diego Rodriguez, Guy Stern, James Thorpe, Robert J. Wilson, Rebecca S. Beal, Joyce Simutis, Betsy Bowden, Sara Cooper, Wheeler Winston Dixon, Tarek el Ariss, Richard Jewell, John W. Kronik, Wendy Martin, Stuart Y. McDougal, Hugo Méndez-Ramírez, Ivy Schweitzer, Armand E. Singer, G. Thomas Tanselle, Tom Bishop, Mary Ann Caws, Marcel Gutwirth, Christophe Ippolito, Lawrence D. Kritzman, James Longenbach, Tim McCracken, Wolfe S. Molitor, Diane Quantic, Gregory Rabassa, Ellen M. Tsagaris, Anthony C. Yu, Betty Jean Craige, Wendell V. Harris, J. Hillis Miller, Jesse G. Swan, Helene Zimmer-Loew, Peter Berek, James Chandler, Hanna K. Charney, Philip Cohen, Judith Fetterley, Herbert Lindenberger, Julia Reinhard Lupton, Maximillian E. Novak, Richard Ohmann, Marjorie Perloff, Mark Reynolds, James Sledd, Harriet Turner, Marie Umeh, Flavia Aloya, Regina Barreca, Konrad Bieber, Ellis Hanson, William J. Hyde, Holly A. Laird, David Leverenz, Allen Michie, J. Wesley Miller, Marvin Rosenberg, Daniel R. Schwarz, Elizabeth Welt Trahan, Jean Fagan Yellin
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 7 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 1986-2078
- Print publication:
- December 2000
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