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Chapter 18 - At-Risk Populations within Mass Gathering Events
- Edited by William J. Brady, University of Virginia, Mark R. Sochor, University of Virginia, Paul E. Pepe, Metropolitan EMS Medical Directors Global Alliance, Florida, John C. Maino II, Michigan International Speedway, Brooklyn, K. Sophia Dyer, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Massachusetts
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- Mass Gathering Medicine
- Published online:
- 11 April 2024
- Print publication:
- 18 April 2024, pp 248-267
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Summary
Mass gatherings create challenges to timely medical response. These challenges become amplified when medically and sociologically vulnerable individuals attend. Such at-risk persons may include, but certainly are not limited to, pregnant women, children, the elderly, people with chronic medical conditions, and those with one or more forms of disabilities. When planning for mass gatherings, or when directly managing large assemblies of persons that have evolved subsequent to mass evacuations of displaced persons retreating from a disaster, military conflict, or other humanitarian crisis, experience has shown that prospective preparedness and contingency planning addressing the needs of the entire community, including at-risk populations, facilitates better outcomes for all. Depending on the specific mass gathering, there will always be a variation in the unique concerns, event-driven nuances and potential at-risk populations in attendance for each. However, one recommended generic strategy to help provide a more unified and methodical approach to planning for at-risk persons is the Communication, Maintaining Health, Independence, Support and Safety and Transportation (CMIST) Framework. The CMIST framework has been shown to an extremely useful tool that can help event organizers and emergency managers better anticipate the various needs of these at-risk populations under a variety of mass gathering scenarios worldwide.
Psychosocial well-being among patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
- Caraline Craig Demirjian, Rebecca M. Saracino, Stephanie Napolitano, Elizabeth Schofield, Leah E. Walsh, R. Garrett Key, Jimmie Holland
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 January 2023, pp. 57-61
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Objectives
The investigators conducted a psychosocial needs assessment of mesothelioma patients through self-report measures of quality of life (QOL), coping, depression, and social support.
MethodsPatients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) (N = 67) completed a battery of assessments at a single timepoint after being approached during routine medical oncology clinic appointments or by letter.
ResultsParticipants were predominately male (70.0%; n = 47) and ranged in age from 35 to 83 years old (M = 65.61, SD = 9.71). Most participants were white (88.0%; n = 59), and 10.0% (n = 7) were identified as Hispanic. The majority were married or living with a partner (93.0%; n = 62) and had some college or more education (64.0%; n = 43). Fourteen percent of participants (n = 11) endorsed significantly elevated depression symptoms. No significant demographic or clinical differences in depressed compared to nondepressed participants were observed, with a trend toward those identifying as Hispanic and those who were divorced as being more likely to be depressed. For the total sample, the most frequently endorsed coping strategies were active coping, emotional support, and acceptance.
Significance of resultsThe present study did not identify any clear correlates of depression or QOL among patients with MPM. This research contributes to the small literature on psychosocial functioning in patients with MPM and provides putative directions for future larger studies and the development of interventions to provide appropriate support to diverse patients with MPM.
Genome-wide screen to identify genetic loci associated with cognitive decline in late-life depression
- D. C. Steffens, M. E. Garrett, K. L. Soldano, D. R. McQuoid, A. E. Ashley-Koch, G. G. Potter
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 July 2020, pp. 1-9
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Objective:
This study sought to conduct a comprehensive search for genetic risk of cognitive decline in the context of geriatric depression.
Design:A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis in the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly (NCODE) study.
Setting:Longitudinal, naturalistic follow-up study.
Participants:Older depressed adults, both outpatients and inpatients, receiving care at an academic medical center.
Measurements:The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery was administered to the study participants at baseline and a minimum of twice within a subsequent 3-year period in order to measure cognitive decline. A GWAS analysis was conducted to identify genetic variation that is associated with baseline and change in the CERAD Total Score (CERAD-TS) in NCODE.
Results:The GWAS of baseline CERAD-TS revealed a significant association with an intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 6, rs17662598, that surpassed adjustment for multiple testing (p = 3.7 × 10−7; false discovery rate q = 0.0371). For each additional G allele, average baseline CERAD-TS decreased by 8.656 points. The most significant SNP that lies within a gene was rs11666579 in SLC27A1 (p = 1.1 × 10−5). Each additional copy of the G allele was associated with an average decrease of baseline CERAD-TS of 4.829 points. SLC27A1 is involved with processing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an endogenous neuroprotective compound in the brain. Decreased levels of DHA have been associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The most significant SNP associated with CERAD-TS decline over time was rs73240021 in GRXCR1 (p = 1.1 × 10−6), a gene previously linked with deafness. However, none of the associations within genes survived adjustment for multiple testing.
Conclusions:Our GWAS of cognitive function and decline among individuals with late-life depression (LLD) has identified promising candidate genes that, upon replication in other cohorts of LLD, may be potential biomarkers for cognitive decline and suggests DHA supplementation as a possible therapy of interest.
Unusually high illness severity and short incubation periods in two foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella Heidelberg infections with potential coincident Staphylococcus aureus intoxication
- J. H. NAKAO, D. TALKINGTON, C. A. BOPP, J. BESSER, M. L. SANCHEZ, J. GUARISCO, S. L. DAVIDSON, C. WARNER, M. G. McINTYRE, J. P. GROUP, N. COMSTOCK, K. XAVIER, T. S. PINSENT, J. BROWN, J. M. DOUGLAS, G. A. GOMEZ, N. M. GARRETT, H. A. CARLETON, B. TOLAR, M. E. WISE
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 1 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 December 2017, pp. 19-27
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We describe the investigation of two temporally coincident illness clusters involving salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in two states. Cases were defined as gastrointestinal illness following two meal events. Investigators interviewed ill persons. Stool, food and environmental samples underwent pathogen testing. Alabama: Eighty cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 5·8 h. Salmonella Heidelberg was identified from 27 of 28 stool specimens tested, and coagulase-positive S. aureus was isolated from three of 16 ill persons. Environmental investigation indicated that food handling deficiencies occurred. Colorado: Seven cases were identified. Median time from meal to illness was 4·5 h. Five persons were hospitalised, four of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit. Salmonella Heidelberg was identified in six of seven stool specimens and coagulase-positive S. aureus in three of six tested. No single food item was implicated in either outbreak. These two outbreaks were linked to infection with Salmonella Heidelberg, but additional factors, such as dual aetiology that included S. aureus or the dose of salmonella ingested may have contributed to the short incubation periods and high illness severity. The outbreaks underscore the importance of measures to prevent foodborne illness through appropriate washing, handling, preparation and storage of food.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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The Role of Polyamine Metabolism in Neuronal Injury Following Cerebral Ischemia
- Grace H. Kim, Ricardo J. Komotar, Margy E. McCullough-Hicks, Marc L. Otten, Robert M. Starke, Christopher P. Kellner, Matthew C. Garrett, Maxwell B. Merkow, Michal Rynkowski, Kelly A. Dash, E. Sander Connolly
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 36 / Issue 1 / January 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 14-19
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Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, with secondary damage following the initial insult contributing significantly to overall poor outcome. Prior investigations have shown that the metabolism of certain polyamines such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are elevated in ischemic parenchyma, resulting in an increase in their metabolite concentration. Polyamine metabolites tend to be cytotoxic, leading to neuronal injury in the penumbra following stroke and expansion of the area of infarcted tissue. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, the presence of reactive aldehydes produced through polyamine metabolism, such as 3-aminopropanal and acrolein, have been shown to correlate with the incidence of cerebral vasospasm, disruption of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial functioning, and disturbance of cellular calcium ion channels. Regulation of the polyamine metabolic pathway, therefore, may have the potential to limit injury following cerebral ischemia. To this end, we review this pathway in detail with an emphasis on clinical applicability.
Making Disaster Care Count: Consensus Formulation of Measures of Effectiveness for Natural Disaster Acute Phase Medical Response
- Rajesh K. Daftary, Andrea T. Cruz, Erik J. Reaves, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., Michael D. Christian, Daniel B. Fagbuyi, Andrew L. Garrett, G. Bobby Kapur, Paul E. Sirbaugh
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 September 2014, pp. 461-467
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- October 2014
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Introduction
No standard exists for provision of care following catastrophic natural disasters. Host nations, funders, and overseeing agencies need a method to identify the most effective interventions when allocating finite resources. Measures of effectiveness are real-time indicators that can be used to link early action with downstream impact.
HypothesisGroup consensus methods can be used to develop measures of effectiveness detailing the major functions of post natural disaster acute phase medical response.
MethodsA review of peer-reviewed disaster response publications (2001-2011) identified potential measures describing domestic and international medical response. A steering committee comprised of six persons with publications pertaining to disaster response, and those serving in leadership capacity for a disaster response organization, was assembled. The committee determined which measures identified in the literature review had the best potential to gauge effectiveness during post-disaster acute-phase medical response. Using a modified Delphi technique, a second, larger group (Expert Panel) evaluated these measures and novel measures suggested (or “free-texted”) by participants for importance, validity, usability, and feasibility. After three iterations, the highest rated measures were selected.
ResultsThe literature review identified 397 measures. The steering committee approved 116 (29.2%) of these measures for advancement to the Delphi process. In Round 1, 25 (22%) measures attained >75% approval and, accompanied by 77 free-text measures, graduated to Round 2. There, 56 (50%) measures achieved >75% approval. In Round 3, 37 (66%) measures achieved median scores of 4 or higher (on a 5-point ordinal scale). These selected measures describe major aspects of disaster response, including: Evaluation, Treatment, Disposition, Public Health, and Team Logistics. Of participants from the Expert Panel, 24/39 (63%) completed all rounds. Thirty-three percent of these experts represented international agencies; 42% represented US government agencies.
ConclusionExperts identified response measures that reflect major functions of an acute medical response. Measures of effectiveness facilitate real-time assessment of performance and can signal where practices should be improved to better aid community preparedness and response. These measures can promote unification of medical assistance, allow for comparison of responses, and bring accountability to post-disaster acute-phase medical care. This is the first consensus-developed reporting tool constructed using objective measures to describe the functions of acute phase disaster medical response. It should be evaluated by agencies providing medical response during the next major natural disaster.
. ,Daftary RK ,Cruz AT ,Reaves EJ ,Burkle FM Jr ,Christian MD ,Fagbuyi DB ,Garrett AL ,Kapur GB .Sirbaugh PE Making Disaster Care Count: Consensus Formulation of Measures of Effectiveness for Natural Disaster Acute Phase Medical Response . Prehosp Disaster Med.2014 ;29 (5 ):1 -7
Contributors
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- By Fred Adams, Colin Allen, Steven M. Beighley, Carlos A. Botero, Kate L. Christison-Lagay, Reginald B. Cocroft, Yale E. Cohen, Richard G. Coss, Sasha R. X. Dall, Julia Fischer, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Claire Horisk, Andrew G. Horn, Caitlin R. Kight, Simon Kirby, Selvino R. de Kort, Michael Lachmann, Peter K. McGregor, John M. McNamara, Ruth Garrett Millikan, Eugene S. Morton, Michael J. Owren, Drew Rendall, Michael J. Ryan, Sahotra Sarkar, Andrea Scarantino, Thomas C. Scott-Phillips, David W. Stephens, R. Haven Wiley
- Edited by Ulrich E. Stegmann, University of Aberdeen
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- Animal Communication Theory
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
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- 02 May 2013, pp xiii-xviii
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Iron dextran treatment does not induce serum protein carbonyls in the newborn pig*
- T. J. Caperna, A. E. Shannon, L. A. Blomberg, W. M. Garrett, T. G. Ramsay
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Oxidation of serum proteins can lead to carbonyl formation that alters their function and is often associated with stress-related diseases. As it is recommended that all pigs reared in modern production facilities be given supplemental iron at birth to prevent anemia, and metals can catalyze the carbonylation of proteins, the primary objective of this study was to determine whether standard iron dextran treatment was associated with enhanced serum protein oxidation in newborn piglets. Piglets were treated with 100 mg of iron dextran intramuscularly either on the day of birth, or on the third day after birth. Blood samples were collected from piglets 48 or 96 h after treatment and serum was harvested. For quantification, serum protein carbonyls were converted to hydrazones with dinitrophenyl hydrazine and analyzed spectrophotometrically. To identify and determine relative distribution of carbonylated proteins, serum protein carbonyls were derivatized with biotin hydrazide, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with avidin-fluorescein and identified by mass spectrometry. The standard iron dextran treatment was associated with no increase in total oxidized proteins if given either on the first or third day of life. In addition, with a few noted exceptions, the overall distribution and identification of oxidized proteins were similar between control and iron dextran-treated pigs. These results indicate that while iron dextran treatment is associated with a marked increase in circulating iron, it does not appear to specifically induce the oxidation of serum proteins.
Is there a mildly relativistic jet in SN2007gr?
- Z. Paragi, A. J. van der Horst, M. Tanaka, G. B. Taylor, C. Kouveliotou, J. Granot, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, Y. Pidopryhora, S. Bourke, R. M. Campbell, M. A. Garrett, H. J. van Langevelde
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 6 / Issue S275 / September 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 February 2011, pp. 319-320
- Print publication:
- September 2010
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SN2007gr was an ordinary type Ic supernova, with a hint of asymmetric explosion seen in the optical polarization spectrum. This type of SNe is occasionally associated with long duration gamma-ray bursts which generate ultra-relativistic jets; no relativistic outflows have yet been found by direct imaging in SNe Ib/c explosions. High resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data and simultaneous total radio flux density measurements indicated that SN2007gr has expanded mildly relativistically. We performed late time Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) observations to measure the level of the underlying extended emission. Comparison of the VLBI and the background-subtracted WSRT and independent VLA data indicate an at least partially resolved source with an average expansion velocity of ≥0.4c, although the VLBI data could be consistent with a fainter source with an expansion velocity of ~0.2c as well.
DIVISION X: RADIO ASTRONOMY
- Ren-Dong Nan, Russell A. Taylor, Luis F. Rodríguez, Christopher L. Carilli, Jessica Chapman, Gloria M. Dubner, Michael Garrett, W. Miller Goss, Richard E. Hills, Hisashi Hirabayashi, Prajval Shastri, José María Torrelles
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 4 / Issue T27A / December 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 December 2008, pp. 331-341
- Print publication:
- December 2008
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Division X provides a common theme for astronomers using radio techniques to study a vast range of phenomena in the Universe, from exploring the Earth's ionosphere or making radar measurements in the Solar System, via mapping the distribution of gas and molecules in our own Galaxy and in other galaxies, to study the vast explosive processes in radio galaxies and QSOs and the faint afterglow of the Big Bang itself.
Contributors
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- By Claude Alain, Amy F. T. Arnsten, Lars Bäckman, Malcolm A. Binns, Sandra E. Black, S. Thomas Carmichael, Keith D. Cicerone, Maurizio Corbetta, Bruce Crosson, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Deirdre R. Dawson, Michael deRiesthal, Roger A. Dixon, Laura Eggermont, Kirk I. Erickson, Anthony Feinstein, Susan M. Fitzpatrick, Fu Qiang Gao, Douglas D. Garrett, Omar Ghaffar, Robbin Gibb, Elizabeth L. Glisky, Martha L. Glisky, Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi, Cheryl L. Grady, Carol Greenwood, Gerri Hanten, Richard G. Hunter, Masud Husain, Narinder Kapur, Bryan Kolb, Arthur F. Kramer, Susan A. Leon, Harvey S. Levin, Brian Levine, Nadina Lincoln, Thomas W. McAllister, Edward McAuley, Bruce S. McEwen, David M. Morris, Stephen E. Nadeau, Roshan das Nair, Matthew Parrott, Jennie Ponsford, George P. Prigatano, Joel Ramirez, John M. Ringman, Ian H. Robertson, Amy D. Rodriguez, John C. Rosenbek, Bernhard Ross, Erik Scherder, Victoria Singh-Curry, Trudi Stickland, Donald T. Stuss, Edward Taub, Gary R. Turner, Harry V. Vinters, Samuel Weiss, John Whyte, Barbara A. Wilson, Gordon Winocur, J. Martin Wojtowicz
- Edited by Donald T. Stuss, University of Toronto, Gordon Winocur, University of Toronto, Ian H. Robertson, Trinity College, Dublin
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- Cognitive Neurorehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 September 2015
- Print publication:
- 11 September 2008, pp ix-xiv
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Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting
- V. GARRETT, P. OGUTU, P. MABONGA, S. OMBEKI, A. MWAKI, G. ALUOCH, M. PHELAN, R. E. QUICK
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 136 / Issue 11 / November 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 January 2008, pp. 1463-1471
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Lack of access to safe water and sanitation contributes to diarrhoea moribidity and mortality in developing countries. We evaluated the impact of household water treatment, latrines, shallow wells, and rainwater harvesting on diarrhoea incidence in rural Kenyan children. We compared diarrhoea rates in 960 children aged <5 years in 556 households in 12 randomly selected intervention villages and six randomly selected comparison villages during weekly home visits over an 8-week period. On multivariate analysis, chlorinating stored water [relative risk (RR) 0·44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·69], latrine presence (RR 0·71, 95% CI 0·54–0·92), rainwater use (RR 0·70, 95% CI 0·52–0·95), and living in an intervention village (RR 0·31, 95% CI 0·23–0·41), were independently associated with lower diarrhoea risk. Diarrhoea risk was higher among shallow well users (RR 1·78, 95% CI 1·12–2·83). Chlorinating stored water, latrines, and rainwater use all decreased diarrhoea risk; combined interventions may have increased health impact.
Association between low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk
- Esther C Janowsky, Gayle E Lester, Clarice R Weinberg, Robert C Millikan, Joellen M Schildkraut, Peter A Garrett, Barbara S Hulka
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 2 / Issue 3 / March 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2007, pp. 283-291
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Objective
To determine if blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) or its active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D), are lower in women at the time of first diagnosis of breast cancer than in comparable women without breast cancer.
DesignThis was a clinic-based case–control study with controls frequency-matched to cases on race, age, clinic and month of blood drawing.
SettingUniversity-based breast referral clinics.
SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-six women with histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the breast and 184 breast clinic controls.
ResultsThere were significant mean differences in 1,25-D levels (pmol ml−1) between breast cancer cases and controls; white cases had lower 1,25-D levels than white controls (mean difference ± SE: −11.08 ± 0.76), and black cases had higher 1,25-D levels than black controls (mean difference ± SE: 4.54 ± 2.14), although the number of black women in the study was small. After adjustment for age, assay batch, month of blood draw, clinic and sample storage time, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for lowest relative to highest quartile was 5.2 (95% CI 2.1, 12.8) for white cases and controls. The association in white women was stronger in women above the median age of 54 than in younger women, 4.7 (95% CI 2.1, 10.2) vs. 1.5 (95% CI 0.7, 3.0). There were no case–control differences in 25-D levels in either group.
ConclusionsThese data are consistent with a protective effect of 1,25-D for breast cancer in white women.
First e-VLBI observations of GRS 1915+105
- A. Rushton, R. E. Spencer, M. Strong, R. M. Campbell, S. Casey, R. P. Fender, M. A. Garrett, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, G. G. Pooley, C. Reynolds, A. Szomoru, V. Tudose, Z. Paragi
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 2 / Issue S238 / August 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2006, pp. 437-438
- Print publication:
- August 2006
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We present results from the first successful open call e-VLBI science run, observing the X-ray binary GRS 1915+105. e-VLBI science allows the rapid production of VLBI radio maps, within hours of an observation rather than weeks. A total of 6 telescopes observing at 5 GHz across the European VLBI Network (EVN) were correlated in real time at the Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE). Throughout this, GRS 1915+105 was observed for a total of 5.5 hours, producing 2.8 GB of visibilities of correlated data. The peak brightness was 10.2 mJy per beam, with a total integrated radio flux of 11.1 mJy.
High-z radio starbursts host X-ray AGN
- Anita M. S. Richards, R. Beswick, S. T. Garrington, T. W. B. Muxlow, H. Thrall, M. A. Garrett, M. Kettenis, H. J. van Langevelde, E. Gonzalez-Solarez, N. A. Walton, M. G. Allen
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 2 / Issue S235 / August 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2006, p. 422
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- August 2006
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We use Virtual Observatory methods to investigate the association between radio and X-ray emission at high redshifts. Fifty-five of the 92 HDF(N) sources resolved by combining MERLIN+VLA data were detected by Chandra, of which 18 are hard enough and bright enough to be obscured AGN. The high-z population of μJy radio sources is dominated by starbursts an order of magnitude more active and more extended than any found at z < 1 and at least a quarter of these simultaneously host highly X-ray-luminous obscured AGN.
7 - Publishing and M-Books
- Brian R. Hunt, University of Maryland, College Park, Ronald L. Lipsman, University of Maryland, College Park, Jonathan M. Rosenberg, University of Maryland, College Park, Kevin R. Coombes, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, John E. Osborn, University of Maryland, College Park, Garrett J. Stuck, University of Maryland, College Park
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- Book:
- A Guide to MATLAB
- Published online:
- 05 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 08 June 2006, pp 103-110
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Summary
MATLAB is exceptionally strong in linear algebra, numerical methods, and graphical interpretation of data. It is easily programmed and relatively easy to learn to use. Hence, it has proven invaluable to engineers and scientists who rely on the scientific techniques and methods at which MATLAB excels. Very often the individuals and groups that so employ MATLAB are primarily interested in the numbers and graphs that emerge from MATLAB commands, processes and programs. Therefore, it is enough for them to work in a MATLAB Command Window, from which they can easily print or export their desired output.
However, other practitioners of mathematical software find themselves with two additional requirements. First, they need a mathematical software package embedded in an interactive environment, in which it is easy to make changes and regenerate results. Second, they need a higher-level presentation mode, which integrates computation and graphics with text, uses different formats for input and output, and communicates effortlessly with other software applications. These additional requirements can be accomplished using either cells and the publish command, or else the M-book interface, both of which were briefly described in Chapter 3. The present chapter goes into more detail and discusses some of the fine points of these methods.
Fine Points of Publishing
As we mentioned Chapter 3, the simplest way to produce a finished presentation with MATLAB is to prepare your work in a script M-file and then publish the result.
A Guide to MATLAB
- For Beginners and Experienced Users
- 2nd edition
- Brian R. Hunt, Ronald L. Lipsman, Jonathan M. Rosenberg, Kevin R. Coombes, John E. Osborn, Garrett J. Stuck
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- Published online:
- 05 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 08 June 2006
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This is a short, focused introduction to MATLAB, a comprehensive software system for mathematical and technical computing. It contains concise explanations of essential MATLAB commands, as well as easily understood instructions for using MATLAB's programming features, graphical capabilities, simulation models, and rich desktop interface. Written for MATLAB 7, it can also be used with earlier (and later) versions of MATLAB. This book teaches how to graph functions, solve equations, manipulate images, and much more. It contains explicit instructions for using MATLAB's companion software, Simulink, which allows graphical models to be built for dynamical systems. MATLAB's new "publish" feature is discussed, which allows mathematical computations to be combined with text and graphics, to produce polished, integrated, interactive documents. For the beginner it explains everything needed to start using MATLAB, while experienced users making the switch to MATLAB 7 from an earlier version will also find much useful information here.
Preface
- Brian R. Hunt, University of Maryland, College Park, Ronald L. Lipsman, University of Maryland, College Park, Jonathan M. Rosenberg, University of Maryland, College Park, Kevin R. Coombes, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, John E. Osborn, University of Maryland, College Park, Garrett J. Stuck, University of Maryland, College Park
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- A Guide to MATLAB
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- 05 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 08 June 2006, pp xi-xvi
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Summary
MATLAB is a high-level technical computing language and interactive environment for algorithm development, data visualization, data analysis, and numerical computation. Using MATLAB, you can solve technical computing problems faster than with traditional programming languages, such as C, C++, and Fortran. – The MathWorks, Inc.
That statement encapsulates the view of The MathWorks, Inc., the developer of MATLAB®. MATLAB 7 is an ambitious program. It contains hundreds of commands to do mathematics. You can use it to graph functions, solve equations, perform statistical tests, and much more. It is a high-level programming language that can communicate with its cousins, e.g., Fortran and C. You can produce sound and animate graphics. You can do simulations and modeling (especially if you have access not just to basic MATLAB but also to its accessory Simulink®). You can prepare materials for export to the World Wide Web. In addition, you can use MATLAB to combine mathematical computations with text and graphics in order to produce a polished, integrated, interactive document.
A program this sophisticated contains many features and options. There are literally hundreds of useful commands at your disposal. The MATLAB help documentation contains thousands of entries. The standard references, whether the MathWorks User's Guide for the product, or any of our competitors, contain a myriad of tables describing an endless stream of commands, options, and features that the user might be expected to learn or access.
3 - Interacting with MATLAB
- Brian R. Hunt, University of Maryland, College Park, Ronald L. Lipsman, University of Maryland, College Park, Jonathan M. Rosenberg, University of Maryland, College Park, Kevin R. Coombes, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, John E. Osborn, University of Maryland, College Park, Garrett J. Stuck, University of Maryland, College Park
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- Book:
- A Guide to MATLAB
- Published online:
- 05 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 08 June 2006, pp 27-42
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Summary
In this chapter we describe an effective procedure for working with MATLAB, and for preparing and presenting the results of a MATLAB session. In particular we discuss some features of the MATLAB interface and the use of M-files. We introduce a new command in MATLAB 7, publish, which produces formatted output. We also give some simple hints for debugging your M-files.
The MATLAB Interface
Starting with version 6, MATLAB has an interface called the MATLAB Desktop. Embedded inside it is the Command Window that we described in Chapter 2.
The Desktop
By default, the MATLAB Desktop (Figure 1.1 in Chapter 1) contains four windows inside it, the Command Window on the right, the Current Directory Browser and the Workspace Browser in the upper left, and the Command History Window in the lower left. Notice that there are tabs for alternating between the Current Directory and Workspace Browsers. You can change which windows are currently visible with the Desktop menu (in MATLAB 6, the View menu) at the top of the Desktop, and you can adjust the sizes of the windows by dragging their edges with the mouse. The Command Window is where you type the commands and instructions that cause MATLAB to evaluate, compute, draw, and perform all the other wonderful magic that we describe in this book. We will discuss the other windows in separate sections below.