3 results
Familial risk and prodromal features of psychosis in adolescents aged 15-16 years in the northern Finland 1986 birth cohort
- P.H. Maki, J. Miettunen, A. Taanila, I. Moilanen, H. Ebeling, M. Joukamaa, E. Lauronen, M.R. Jarvelin, P.B. Jones, G. Murray, M. Heinimaa, J.M. Veijola
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. S84-S85
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Background and aims
Subjects with family history of psychosis and with prodromal symptoms are at risk for schizophrenia. The aim was to study whether adolescents with familial risk have more commonly prodromal features.
MethodsMembers (N= 9,215) of the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort, an unselected general population cohort, were invited to participate in a field survey conducted during 2001-2002. At the ages of 15-16 years, the study included a 21-item PROD-screen questionnaire developed for screening prodromal psychotic symptoms with 12 specific questions for psychosis (Heinimaa et al. 2003). The scale measured symptoms for last six months. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to find out parental psychoses during 1972-2000.
ResultsOf the males 24% and 37% of the females were screen positives for prodromal features at the age of 15-16 years. Of the offspring, 1.8% had parents with psychosis. The prevalence of screen positives was 26% in males and 36% in females with familial risk for psychosis.
ConclusionProdromal features of psychosis are prevalent in adolescence. It may be difficult to screen adolescent subjects at risk for developing schizophrenia with a questionnaire in a general population, especially as these symptoms do not appear to be more common among subjects with familial risk.
AcknowledgementsThe Academy of Finland, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation and the Thule Institute, Finland.
Psychological scales predict psychiatric hospitalizations - The Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort
- J. Miettunen, J. Veijola, M. Isohanni, T. Paunio, D. Lichtermann, N. Freimer, L. Peltonen, M.R. Järvelin, M. Joukamaa
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S328
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Background and aims:
Several instruments have been developed to detect subjects who are at risk for mental disorders.
Aims:We aimed to address the predictive validity of several personality, schizotypal and mania scales for psychiatric hospitalisations.
Methods:As part of the 31-year follow-up survey of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI, temperament part), Physical Anhedonia Scale, Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS), Perceptual Aberration Scale, Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), Bipolar II scale (BIP2) and Schizoidia scale were filled in by 4,857 subjects. We dichotomized scores in the scales (highest 10% by gender vs. others). Also subscales of TCI and BIP2 were used as predictors. In a longitudinal study setting using hospital discharge register we followed those without previous hospitalisation (N=4,727; 2,092 males and 2,635 females) from 31 years for eight years and recorded hospitalisations due to psychotic, substance use, anxiety, mood and personality disorders.
Results:In total 78 (1.7%) of subjects were hospitalized due to psychiatric disorder during the follow-up. Most of the instruments predicted several disorders. Mood lability subscale of BIP2 predicted (p<0.05) all diagnostic groups. Most specific predictors were SAS (Odds Ratio 3.84; 95% CI 1.44-10.28) and HPS (4.01; 1.52-10.60) for psychosis and novelty seeking subscale of TCI (3.00; 1.41-6.36) and energy/activity (2.68; 1.26-5.68) and social anxiety (3.90; 1.84-8.28) subscales of BIP2 for substance use disorders.
Conclusions:Scales measuring schizotypal or manic symptoms were good predictors for different psychiatric hospitalisations. Many of the scales predicted several disorders, only few scales predicted only one specific disorder.
Somatic comorbidity and its outcomes in schizophrenia during lifespan
- J. Seppala, H. Korpela, E. Jääskeläinen, J. Miettunen, M. Isohanni, J. Auvinen, T. Nordström, R. Marttila, S. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, M.R. Järvelin, H. Salo, N. Rautio
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S35-S36
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Background
Studies mainly relied on hospital or case-control data have well documented that individuals with psychoses, and especially with schizophrenia have increased rates of physical illnesses. They have two to four-fold higher mortality risk, and about 10 to 25 years shorter life expectancy compared with the general population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of physical illnesses in individuals with schizophrenia or with other psychoses and among people without psychoses until the age of 46 years using complete outpatient and inpatient data from birth cohort.
MethodsThe study is based on The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC, 1966), which is a population-based prospective cohort concerning 12.058 live-born children in 1966 in the provinces of Lapland and Oulu.
The study population consisted of 10,933 individuals, who were alive at the age of 16-years, and followed serially until the age of 46-years The study population was divided into three groups: those having schizophrenia (n = 228) and those with other psychoses (n = 240) while individuals without psychosis (n = 10,465) formed the control group. The data was obtained from various national registers.
ResultsDiseases of the blood and blood forming organs (prevalence in SCZ was 17% versus 10% in controls, P < 0.001), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (45% vs. 27%, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (7% vs. 3%, P < 0.001) and nervous diseases (33% vs. 25%, P = 0.018) were more common among individuals with SCZ compared with controls. Diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue were less common in SCZ than among controls (28% vs. 41%, P < 0.001).
People with other psychoses than SCZ had statistically significant association with all the diagnostic groups classified in ICD-10 except with neoplasms. Infections and parasitic diseases (prevalence in other psychoses was 44% versus 32% in controls, P < 0.001), diseases of the blood and blood forming organs (18% vs. 10%, P < 0.001), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (42% vs. 27%, P < 0.001) including diabetes mellitus (9% vs. 3%, P < 0.001), nervous diseases (40% vs. 25%, P < 0.001), diseases of the eye and adnexa (32% vs. 21%, P < 0.001), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (58% vs. 44%, P < 0.001), diseases of circulatory (50% vs. 37%, P < 0.001), respiratory (70% vs. 60%, P < 0.001) and digestive system (77% vs. 68%, P = 0.004), diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue (23% vs. 16%, P = 0.006), diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (51% vs. 40%, P = 0.004) and diseases of genitourinary system (41% vs. 31%, P = 0.003) were more common among people with other psychoses than SCZ compared with controls.
DiscussionA new finding is that not only people with schizophrenia but especially those with other psychoses show a greater occurrence of somatic diseases compared with those without psychosis. The increased occurrence of somatic comorbidity in other psychoses should be noted by medical professional, and further longitudinal studies are warranted to study its possible risk factors during lifespan.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.