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'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' highlights the specific health problems facing Africa today, most particularly the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book presents not only various health crises, but also the larger historical and contemporary contexts within which they must be understood and managed. Chapters offering analysis of specific illness case studies, and the effects of globalization and underdevelopment on health, provide an overarching context in which HIV/AIDS and other health-related concerns can be understood. The contributions on the HIV/AIDS pandemic grapple with the complications of national and international policies, the sociological effects of the pandemic, and policy options for the future. 'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' thus provides a comprehensive view of health issues currently plaguing the continent and the many different ways that scholars are interpreting the health outlook in Africa. Contributors: Obijiofor Aginam, Yacouba Banhoro, Richard Beilock, Charity Chenga, Mandi Chikombero, Kaley Creswell, Freek Cronjé, Frank N. F. Dadzie, Gabriel B. Fosu, Stephen Obeng-Manu Gyimah, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, W. Bediako Lamousé-Smith, William N. Mkanta, Gerald M. Mumma, Kalala Ngalamulume, Raphael Chijioke Njoku, Cecilia S. Obeng, Iruka N. Okeke, Akpen Philip, Baffour K. Takyi, Melissa K. Van Dyke, Sophie Wertheimer, Ellen A. S. Whitney. Toyin Falola is the Francis Nalle Higgenbothom Centennial Professor of History and Distinuished Teaching at the University of Texas at Austin. Matthew M. Heaton is a PhD candidate at the University of Texas at Austin.
This chapter reports the results of focus groups conducted with urban adults in Zimbabwe. The focus groups were designed to extract information about people's knowledge of HIV/AIDS as well as information about people's preventive behavior and their responses to televised HIV/AIDS public service announcements (PSAs). Premised by the Extended Parallel Process Model, the focus groups produced illuminating results. In this chapter I begin by giving some background information about the HIV/AIDS situation in Zimbabwe. Next I examine the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), a model that was initially designed to explain fear appeal processes in HIV/AIDS messages. Finally, I outline the methods of data collection and data analysis that were used and the indicators of rigor that were used to assess the quality of the research before relaying the results of the focus group discussions.
Because past research sufficiently documents that women are more at risk of HIV infection, I augment those findings by arguing that women in Zimbabwe are at a disadvantage regarding the practice of safe sex as a result of cultural practices that increase their chances of infection. Such practices include gender hierarchies, sexual cleansing, polygyny, the preference for dry sex, and the importance of female fertility. Although these issues are not directly addressed in mass-mediated HIV/AIDS prevention messages, women are aware of them and are largely aware of the high risk that these practices pose.