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Implications of sleep quality and eating behavior in obesity prevention: A cross-sectional study in young adults.
- Maria Fernanda Zeron-Rugerio, Alina Schieren, Antoni Diez-Noguera, Trinitat Cambras, Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E216
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Introduction
Food intake behavior is implicated in many chronic health issues, including obesity. Thus, understanding the underlying factors that affect food intake is important. Several studies have associated sleep restriction to increased dietary intake and poor food choices, which can be driven by hedonic mechanisms, specially food palatability. Given that people eat for different reasons other than stress, including boredom, anxiety, sadness or joy, our aim was to study the potential association between sleep quality and the cognitive-behavioral nature of food intake (eating behaviors, EB), as well as their impact on body mass index in a population of young adults.
Materials and MethodsOne thousand twenty eight young adults (78% females; 21.4 ± 4.1years) were included in a cross-sectional study. The following questionnaires were used: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality (scores > 5 indicate poor sleep quality), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire to assess the three dimensions of EB (emotional, uncontrolled and restraint eating) (Higher scores indicate higher EB). Additionally, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and the level of physical activity were evaluated. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v24, and adjusted for confounding variables.
ResultsSixty one percent of the studied population had a poor sleep quality, whereas no significant associations were found between poor sleep quality, gender or age. Poor sleep quality was associated with uncontrolled (p < 0.001) and emotional (p < 0.001) eating, as well as with BMI (p < 0.001). In addition, emotional eating was associated to BMI (p < 0.001). Finally, linear regression model showed that BMI is associated with poor sleep quality (p < 0.01) and emotional eating (p < 0.001).
DiscussionOur findings suggest that poor sleep quality is frequent among young adults. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is associated with higher emotional and uncontrolled eating, showing that poor sleep might be associated with a higher tendency to over eat when coping to emotionally negative emotions (sadness, anger, depression, anxiety), and a high tendency to lose control over food intake itself. Finally, the association between poor sleep quality and high emotional eating can have a negative impact over BMI, even in young adults. Hence, interventions designed to improve weight status would benefit from focusing on sleep quality in order to reduce emotional and uncontrolled eating.
Low sleep and diet quality impact on well-being among Mexican college students
- Maria Fernanda Zeron-Rugerio, Ana Eugenia Ortega-Regules, Maria Armida Patricia Porras-Loaiza, Giovana Longo-Silva, Trinitat Cambras, Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E217
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- Article
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Introduction
Understanding health behaviors, such as sleep and dietary patterns, is important for health promotion and disease prevention. College period is a complicated, difficult time to maintain healthy behaviors. In this regard, little is known about the impact of sleep and diet quality on well-being among college young adults. Hence, we aimed to study the impact of sleep and diet quality on well-being in college students.
Materials and MethodsThree hundred-twelve Mexican college students (82% females; 20.6 ± 3.4years) were included in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the following validated questionnaires: Well-being Index to assess well-being (high scores indicate high well-being), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality (scores > 5 indicate poor sleep quality), and a validate version of the Health Eating Index for Mexican population to assess diet quality (scores > 80 indicate good diet quality). BMI and physical activity were also assessed. Scores were treated as continuous variables, and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v24 and adjusted for confounding variables.
ResultsSixty-seven percent of our population showed a poor sleep quality and eighty-four percent needs to make changes in their diet in order to improve its quality. On the other hand, fifty-one percent of the studied population had a low well-being perception. Poor sleep quality (p < 0.001) and low diet quality (p < 0.001) associated with a lower well-being perception. In addition, poor sleep quality is associated with low diet quality (p < 0.05). Regarding food consumption, higher sweets (p < 0.001) and soft-drink (p < 0.001) intake was inversely associated with well-being scores. Likewise, high consumption of sweets (p < 0.05) and soft-drink (p < 0.05), and low fruit (p < 0.05) and cereal (p < 0.05) consumption are linked to poor sleep quality.
DiscussionOur results show that half of the studied population had a low well-being, and also that poor sleep and diet quality are frequent among college students. Interestingly, the fact that poor sleep and diet quality were associated to a lower perception of well-being highlights the importance of promoting sleep hygiene and diet quality among college students as an important strategy to improve well-being and health, even in young adults. In addition, we found that higher sweets and soft-drink consumption were associated to both low well-being perception and poor sleep quality. Hence, it is important to promote healthy habits regarding eating and sleeping well, in order to improve well-being perception among college students.