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Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Patients in Opioid Substitution Treatment
- J. Rosenleitner, I. Fuchs-Leitner, N. Gerstgrasser, K. Yazdi
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S378
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Introduction
The many negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic especially on vulnerable groups like patients suffering from drug addiction have been anticipated by experts early on. While drug consumption patterns of patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST, N=24) seemed hardly influenced at the early stage of the pandemic in Austria, the impact on the mental health of this population remained unclear.
ObjectivesThe main goal was to investigate long-term consequences of the pandemic in terms of PTSD and clinical symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among patients in OST between December 2020 and February 2021.
MethodsIn a cross-sectional survey study (N=123) an adapted version of the impact of event scale (IES-R) was applied to evaluate PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and respective changes due to the pandemic were documented. Sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors, as well as data on drug consumption patterns were collected.
ResultsA binary logistic regression analysis confirmed the negative long-term consequences of psychological and economic COVID-19 related factors on a higher risk for PTSD due to the pandemic. The high-risk PTSD group also demonstrated higher levels and a deterioration of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms since the pandemic.
ConclusionsAmong our sample of patients in OST, 27% were at risk of PTSD due to the pandemic, and 30 to 50% reported concerning levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Health care facilities might use these findings as a valuable source of information, when special attention is needed.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Tryptophan metabolism in bipolar disorder
- F. Fellendorf, M. Platzer, A. Birner, R. Queissner, S. Bengesser, M. Lenger, A. Maget, A. Tmava-Berisha, N. Dalkner, D. Fuchs, J. Gostner, E. Reininghaus
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S110
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Introduction
Immune mediated inflammatory processes are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and weight associated comorbidities. Tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) along the kynurenine axis concomitant with a pro-inflammatory state was found more active in BD but also associated with overweight/obesity.
ObjectivesAims of our study were to investigate 1.) the tryptophan metabolism in BD compared to mentally healthy controls, 2.) differences in weight classes, 3.) in a longitudinal setting, dependent on the incidence of BD episodes and euthymia.
MethodsAt the Medical University Graz anthropometric and clinical data as well as peripheral tryptophan and kynurenine were assessed in serum samples of 226 individuals with BD and 142 controls. For 75 individuals with BD a longitudinal assessment with three samples was performed. Serum concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The kynurenine/tryptophan was used as a proxy for IDO-1 activity.
Resultsshowed a higher kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in BD compared to controls and in overweight compared to normal weight persons. Levels remained stable over time. In the longitudinal course, no differences were found between individuals who were constantly euthymic or not as well who had an illness episode or none.
ConclusionsFindings indicate that IDO-1 activity might constitute more a trait and not a state marker of BD. Accelerated tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine axis may be further facilitated by overweight. This may increase the risk of accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites which impacts BD symptomatology, cognition, and somatic comorbidities.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Long-term Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder
- I. Fuchs-Leitner, J. Rosenleitner, N. Gerstgrasser, K. Yazdi
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S201
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Introduction
Vulnerable groups like patients suffering from alcohol use disorders (AUD) are expected to be particularly affected by the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a prior study (N=127), we found that psychosocial COVID-19 factors and living alone elevated the probability for relapse during the initial stage of the pandemic, whereas long-term effects on mental health have yet to be investigated.
ObjectivesHere we aimed to investigate the risk of PTSD, as well as levels and developments in depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with AUD.
MethodsData was collected from a clinical sample of patients with AUD (N=136) in late 2020 and early 2021. PTSD symptoms due to the pandemic were assessed using an adapted version of the impact of event scale (IES-R). Levels in clinical symptoms were collected on the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), and changes since the onset of the pandemic were assessed additionally.
ResultsThe high-risk PTSD-group showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, and reported more severe deteriorations in these symptoms, when compared to the low-risk group. A binary logistic regression model revealed psychological and social aspects of the pandemic to increase the probability for PTSD, whereas sociodemographic and other COVID-19 related factors showed no significant effects.
ConclusionsAbout 30% of patients with AUD indicated an elevated risk of PTSD due to the pandemic, as well as deteriorations in levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These concerning findings should be especially considered in current and future treatment settings.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Spectral broadening for multi-Joule pulse compression in the APOLLON Long Focal Area facility
- P.-G. Bleotu, J. Wheeler, D. Papadopoulos, M. Chabanis, J. Prudent, M. Frotin, L. Martin, N. Lebas, A. Freneaux, A. Beluze, F. Mathieu, P. Audebert, D. Ursescu, J. Fuchs, G. Mourou
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 10 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2022, e9
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Spectral-broadening of the APOLLON PW-class laser pulses using a thin-film compression technique within the long-focal-area interaction chamber of the APOLLON laser facility is reported, demonstrating the delivery of the full energy pulse to the target interaction area. The laser pulse at 7 J passing through large aperture, thin glass wafers is spectrally broadened to a bandwidth that is compatible with a 15-fs pulse, indicating also the possibility to achieve sub-10-fs pulses using 14 J. Placing the post-compressor near the interaction makes for an economical method to produce the shortest pulses by limiting the need for high damage, broadband optics close to the final target rather than throughout the entire laser transport system.
Tardive dyskinesia and dopamine 3 receptor gene mutation
- Harald N. Aschauer, J. Scharfetter, K. Fuchs, E. Gerhard, C. Gebhardt, E. Lenzinger, K. Meszaros, K. Hornik, W. Sieghart, S. Kasper
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 13 / Issue S4 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 231s
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Pharmacological validation of a chronic social stress model in rats: effects of citalopram, reboxetine, haloperidol and diazepam
- R. Rygula, N. Abumaria, C. Hiemke, E. Ruther, G. Flugge, E. Fuchs, U. Havemann-Reinecke
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S245
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The present study has been designed for pharmacological validation of chronic social stress paradigm as a model of depressive symptoms in rats. For this, rats were subjected to 5 weeks of daily social defeat and in parallel treated for clinically relevant period of 4 weeks with antidepressant drugs citalopram and reboxetine and neuroleptic drug haloperidol. Anxiolytic diazepam was administered acutely at the end of the stress period. The effects of social stress and the treatments were investigated in behavioural paradigms such as sucrose preference, forced swim test, open field test and elevated plus maze. Four weeks of oral treatment with applied antidepressants ameliorated the adverse effects of social stress and normalized behaviours related to motivation and reward sensitivity. The treatment with haloperidol worsened the adverse effects of chronic social stress having effects similar to stress on reward and motivation related behaviours. Treatment with diazepam caused reduction of anxiety related behaviours as measured in elevated plus maze in control animals having no effects on socially stressed individuals. Neither sucrose preference nor performance in forced swim test was affected by diazepam treatment. Effectiveness and selectivity of antidepressant treatment in ameliorating socially induced behavioural disturbances proofs validity of chronic social stress as a model of depressive symptoms in rats.
EPA-0451 - Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Concentrations in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder
- E. Reininghaus, R.S. McIntyre, N. Lackner, S.A. Bengesser, A. Birner, F.T. Fellendorf, H.P. Kapfhammer, A. Meinitzer, S. Zelzer, S.J. Wallner-Liebmann, H. Mangge, D. Fuchs
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 29 / Issue S1 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Background:
Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) are differentially affected by insulin resistance. Individuals without history of mental disorder with insulin resistance usually have high peripheral concentrations of phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) together. Catecholamine dysfunction is described to be a state-dependend phenomen in patients suffering from BD. Catecholamines are synthesized from essential amino acids PHE and TYR which are biotransformed to dopamine and subsequently converted to nor/adrenaline. Amino acid dysregulation may be a possible mediator of insulin resistance in BD.
Patients/Methods:Peripheral PHE and TYR concentrations were investigated in euthymic adults with BD. Amino acid differences between normal and overweight individuals with BD were evaluated and outcomes were correlated with the measures of glucose homeostasis.
Results:Mean plasma PHE to TYR ratio (PHE/TYR) was at the upper limit of the normal range in the whole sample. Enrolled subjects with PHE/TYR beyond the limits of normal exhibited the highest number of prior affective episodes. Sex-specific differences were noted as overweight BD females showed different profiles than normal-weight women. In the overweight females, PHE and TYR concentrations were significantly higher compared to normal-weight women. Significant correlations were noticed between PHE, TYR and PHE/TYR with insulin/Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA)-IR in the whole sample and the subgroup of BD women.
Conclusion:These significant differences in gender, amino acid pathways and in correlations with immune marker as well as insulin function have not been reported previously. Taken together, increased levels of PHE in BD should be considered when adjudicating diabetes risk especially in women.
Is the Molecular Clock Ticking Differently in Bipolar Disorder?
- S. Bengesser, N. Lackner, A. Birner, B. Reininghaus, U. Heilbronner, R. Fuchs, N. Allard, S. Wallner-Liebmann, A. Rieger, R. Queissner, K. Filic, F. Fellendorf, E. Petek, C. Windpassinger, C. Schörkhuber, C. Gigler, K. Gatkowsky, T. Macheiner, N. Kainzbauer, E. Reininghaus
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S1 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. 1
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Introduction
Bipolar Disorder is a devastating disease with a genetic heritability. An orchestra of around 500 gene variants is leading to vulnerability.
One interesting candidate gene group are the socalled CLOCK GENES. The molecular 24h clock has several CLOCK GENES and the last gene ARNTL encodes for an activator of MAOA transcription and leads therefore to changes in neurotransmitter levels.
MethodsGenotyping of 150 paricipants with Bipolar Disorder and 78 healthy controls with the Illumina GWAS chip Omniexpress 1.1. Hypothesis driven extraction of ARNTL SNPs with the software PLINK. Statistical analysis with Chi square test with SPSS.
ResultsPatients with Bipolar Disorder differ significantly in ARNTL genotypes compared to healthy controls. Details are presented during the poster session.
DiscussionCircadian rhythms seem to play an important pathogenetic mechanism in Bipolar Disorder.
Targets for high repetition rate laser facilities: needs, challenges and perspectives
- Part of
- I. Prencipe, J. Fuchs, S. Pascarelli, D. W. Schumacher, R. B. Stephens, N. B. Alexander, R. Briggs, M. Büscher, M. O. Cernaianu, A. Choukourov, M. De Marco, A. Erbe, J. Fassbender, G. Fiquet, P. Fitzsimmons, C. Gheorghiu, J. Hund, L. G. Huang, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, A. Irman, T. Kluge, Z. Konopkova, S. Kraft, D. Kraus, V. Leca, D. Margarone, J. Metzkes, K. Nagai, W. Nazarov, P. Lutoslawski, D. Papp, M. Passoni, A. Pelka, J. P. Perin, J. Schulz, M. Smid, C. Spindloe, S. Steinke, R. Torchio, C. Vass, T. Wiste, R. Zaffino, K. Zeil, T. Tschentscher, U. Schramm, T. E. Cowan
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- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 5 / 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 July 2017, e17
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A number of laser facilities coming online all over the world promise the capability of high-power laser experiments with shot repetition rates between 1 and 10 Hz. Target availability and technical issues related to the interaction environment could become a bottleneck for the exploitation of such facilities. In this paper, we report on target needs for three different classes of experiments: dynamic compression physics, electron transport and isochoric heating, and laser-driven particle and radiation sources. We also review some of the most challenging issues in target fabrication and high repetition rate operation. Finally, we discuss current target supply strategies and future perspectives to establish a sustainable target provision infrastructure for advanced laser facilities.
Contributors
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- By Douglas L. Arnold, Laura J. Balcer, Amit Bar-Or, Sergio E. Baranzini, Frederik Barkhof, Robert A. Bermel, Francois A. Bethoux, Dennis N. Bourdette, Richard K. Burt, Peter A. Calabresi, Zografos Caramanos, Tanuja Chitnis, Stacey S. Cofield, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Nadine Cohen, Alasdair J. Coles, Devon Conway, Stuart D. Cook, Gary R. Cutter, Peter J. Darlington, Ann Dodds-Frerichs, Ranjan Dutta, Gilles Edan, Michelle Fabian, Franz Fazekas, Massimo Filippi, Elizabeth Fisher, Paulo Fontoura, Corey C. Ford, Robert J. Fox, Natasha Frost, Alex Z. Fu, Siegrid Fuchs, Kazuo Fujihara, Kristin M. Galetta, Jeroen J.G. Geurts, Gavin Giovannoni, Nada Gligorov, Ralf Gold, Andrew D. Goodman, Myla D. Goldman, Jenny Guerre, Stephen L. Hauser, Peter B. Imrey, Douglas R. Jeffery, Stephen E. Jones, Adam I. Kaplin, Michael W. Kattan, B. Mark Keegan, Kyle C. Kern, Zhaleh Khaleeli, Samia J. Khoury, Joep Killestein, Soo Hyun Kim, R. Philip Kinkel, Stephen C. Krieger, Lauren B. Krupp, Emmanuelle Le Page, David Leppert, Scott Litwiller, Fred D. Lublin, Henry F. McFarland, Joseph C. McGowan, Don Mahad, Jahangir Maleki, Ruth Ann Marrie, Paul M. Matthews, Francesca Milanetti, Aaron E. Miller, Deborah M. Miller, Xavier Montalban, Charity J. Morgan, Ichiro Nakashima, Sridar Narayanan, Avindra Nath, Paul W. O’Connor, Jorge R. Oksenberg, A. John Petkau, Michael D. Phillips, J. Theodore Phillips, Tammy Phinney, Sean J. Pittock, Sarah M. Planchon, Chris H. Polman, Alexander Rae-Grant, Stephen M. Rao, Stephen C. Reingold, Maria A. Rocca, Richard A. Rudick, Amber R. Salter, Paula Sandler, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, John R. Scagnelli, Dana J. Serafin, Lynne Shinto, Nancy L. Sicotte, Jack H. Simon, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Ryan E. Stagg, James M. Stankiewicz, Lael A. Stone, Amy Sullivan, Matthew Sutliff, Jessica Szpak, Alan J. Thompson, Bruce D. Trapp, Helen Tremlett, Maria Trojano, Orla Tuohy, Rhonda R. Voskuhl, Marc K. Walton, Mike P. Wattjes, Emmanuelle Waubant, Martin S. Weber, Howard L Weiner, Brian G. Weinshenker, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Jeffrey L. Winters, Jerry S. Wolinsky, Vijayshree Yadav, E. Ann Yeh, Scott S. Zamvil
- Edited by Jeffrey A. Cohen, Richard A. Rudick
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- Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics
- Published online:
- 05 December 2011
- Print publication:
- 20 October 2011, pp viii-xii
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7 - Cognitive impairment: basic science
- from Section 2 - Cancer Symptom Mechanisms and Models: Clinical and Basic Science
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- By Perry N. Fuchs, The University of Texas at Arlington, Jessica A. Boyette-Davis, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Adrian J. Dunn, University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Edited by Charles S. Cleeland, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Michael J. Fisch, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Adrian J. Dunn, University of Hawaii, Manoa
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- Cancer Symptom Science
- Published online:
- 05 August 2011
- Print publication:
- 18 November 2010, pp 60-69
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Summary
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized by practitioners and researchers as one of the symptoms that cause great distress for patients with cancer, their families, and their health care providers. The prevalence of cognitive impairment varies and is based on several factors, including the amount of time the patient has had cancer, the type of cancer, the length of treatment, and the treatment used, and is estimated to affect anywhere between 17% and 75% of patients with cancer. In a series of experiments, Wefel et al. noted signs of cognitive impairment in 33% to 35% of cancer patients prior to treatment with chemotherapy and in approximately 61% of patients after chemotherapeutic treatment.
Findings such as these, coupled with the fact that treatment for cancer begins soon after diagnosis, has led to the characterization of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments as “chemofog” or “chemobrain.” Although the nature of the impairment seems to vary among patients, those who experience chemobrain generally report subtle changes in the ability to maintain focus and engage in routine daily activities. Some investigations performed before and after the initiation of chemotherapeutic treatment find that memory, motor dexterity, and executive function (frontal subcortical components) tend to be impaired, with attention and psychomotor speed remaining unimpaired. Other studies have shown that working memory, or the ability to process information and do multiple tasks, is often impaired, whereas hippocampal components of memory, such as retention and consolidation, frequently are not.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Shedding Light on Cadherin Function in Epidermal Sheet Formation and Maintenance of Tissue Integrity
- HA Pasolli, CL Tinkle, N Stokes, E Fuchs
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 16 / Issue S2 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2010, pp. 986-987
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- July 2010
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Effect of an energy-dense diet on the clinical course of acute shigellosis in undernourished children
- Ramendra N. Mazumder, Hassan Ashraf, Syed S. Hoque, Iqbal Kabir, Naseha Majid, Mohammad A. Wahed, George J. Fuchs, Dilip Mahalanabis
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 84 / Issue 5 / November 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2007, pp. 775-779
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- November 2000
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To date there have been few reports on the impact of dietary intervention on the clinical course of acute shigellosis. Current management of acute shigellosis is primarily focused on antibiotic therapy with less emphasis on nutritional management. In a randomised clinical trial, we examined the role of an energy-dense diet on the clinical outcome in malnourished children with acute dysentery due to shigellosis. Seventy-five children aged 12–48 months with acute dysentery randomly received either a milk–cereal formula with an energy density of 4960 kJ/l (test group) or a milk–cereal formula with energy of 2480 kJ/l (control group) for 10 d in hospital. In both milk–cereal formulas, protein provided 11 % energy. In addition, the standard hospital diet was offered to all children and all children received an appropriate antibiotic for 5 d. The mean food intakes (g/kg per d) in the test and control groups were: 112 (SE 2·28) AND 116 (se 3·48) (P=0·16) on day 1; 118 (se 2·72) and 107 (se 3·13) (P=0·04) on day 5; 120 (se 2·25) and 100 (se 3·83) (P=0·04) on day 10. The mean energy intakes (kJ/kg per d) in the test and control groups respectively were: 622 (se 13·2) and 315 (se 11·3) (P<0·05) on day 1; 655 (se 15·1) and 311 (se 7·98) (P<0·05) on day 5; 672 (se 14·7) and 294 (se 11·1) (P<0·05) on day 10. The food and energy intakes were mostly from the milk–cereal diet. There was no difference between two groups in resolution of fever, dysenteric (bloody and or mucoid) stools, stool frequency and tenesmus. However, vomiting was more frequently observed among the test-group children during the first 5 d of intervention (67 % v. 41 %, P=0·04). There was an increase in the mean weight-for-age (%) in the test group compared with the control group after the 10 d of dietary intervention (6·2 (se 0·6) v. 2·7 (se 0·4), P<0·01). In addition, resolution of rectal prolapse was better (26 % v. 8 %, P=0·04) in the test group v. control group after 5 d, and 13 % v. 6 %, (P=0·08) after 10 d of dietary intervention. Supplementation with a high-energy diet does not have any adverse effect on clinical course of acute shigellosis and reduces the incidence of rectal prolapse in malnourished children.
Identification and partial characterization of a 36 kDa surface protein on Neospora caninum tachyzoites
- A. HEMPHILL, N. FUCHS, S. SONDA, B. GOTTSTEIN, B. HENTRICH
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 115 / Issue 4 / October 1997
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- 01 October 1997, pp. 371-380
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Neospora caninum, the causative agent of neosporosis, is a recently identified apicomplexan parasite which is structurally and biologically closely related to, but antigenically distinct from, Toxoplasma gondii. Molecules associated with the surfaces of N. caninum tachyzoites are likely to participate in the host cell entry process, could be involved in the interaction of the parasite with the immune system, and they could influence the pathogenesis of neosporosis. Isolated N. caninum tachyzoites were extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X–114 and were further analysed using a polyclonal anti-N. caninum antiserum. Immunoblots revealed several reactive bands, 1 of which represented a glycoprotein of approximately 36 kDa (Nc-p36). This molecule was present in 2 isolates of Neospora (NC-1 and Liverpool), but was absent in Toxoplasma (RH-strain) tachyzoites. Immunofluorescence and pre-embedding immunogold transmission electron microscopy employing affinity-purified anti-Nc-p36 antibodies showed that the Nc-p36 is a cell surface-associated protein. Immunogold on-section labelling of LR-White-embedded parasites, fixed prior and at defined time-points after host cell entry, demonstrated the presence of this molecule on the surface as well as within the dense granules of N. caninum tachyzoites.
unneling effects in InAs/GaInSb superlattice infrared photodiodes
- U. Weimar, F. Fuchs, E. Ahlswede, J. Schmitz, W. Pletschen, N. Herres, M. Walther
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 484 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 123
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- 1997
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The optical and electrical properties of InAs/GaInSb superlattice mesa photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength around 8 pim are investigated. The influence of the surface potential at the mesa sidewalls on the device properties was studied by fabricating gate-controlled diodes. At least two mechanisms determining the dark current in the reverse bias region can be identified. At high reverse biases bulk bandto- band tunneling dominates while the current at low reverse biases is most likely governed by surface effects. Bulk interband tunneling is further investigated by applying magnetic fields B up to 7 T parallel and perpendicular to the electric field E across the p-n junction.
Defects and Phase Change Induced by Giant Electronic Excitations With GeV Ions And 30MeV Cluster Beam
- P. Thevenard, M. Beranger, B. Canut, S. M. M. Ramos, N. Bonardi, G. Fuchs
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 439 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 721
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- 1996
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MgO and LiNbO 3 single crystals were bombarded with GeV swift heavy ions (Pb, Gd) and 30MeV C60 clusters to study the damage production induced by giant electronic processes at stopping power up to 100keV/nm. The defect creation was characterized by optical absorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry (RBS-C). In MgO point defects (F type centers) and extended defects (dislocation loops) were created by ionization processes in addition to those associated with nuclear collisions. The F-center concentration induced by electronic energy excitations was studied at different temperatures and as a function of the particle electronic energy losses. TEM revealed that dislocation loops were produced close to the particle trajectories and amorphization was never observed. On the opposite, in LiNbO3 continuous amorphous tracks were evidenced above a threshold near 5keV/nm. The dependance of this effects with various solid state parameters will be discussed.
Structural Characterization of InAs/(GaIn)Sb Superlattices for IR Optoelectronics
- J. Wagner, J. Schmitz, F. Fuchs, U. Weimar, N. Herres, G. Tränkle, P. Koidl
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 421 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 39
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- 1996
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We report on the structural characterization of InAs/(GaIn)Sb superlattices (SL) grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy. SL periodicity and overall structural quality were assessed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was found to be sensitive to the (GaIn)Sb alloy composition.