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Neural correlates of disturbed motor behavior in schizophrenia
- S. Walther, A. Federspiel, T. Bracht, H. Horn, N. Razavi, W. Strik, T.J. Müller
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1527
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Introduction
Motor behavior is altered in schizophrenia. Most patients have less physical activity than the general population. We have shown that actigraphic means of motor activity are influenced by negative syndrome scores, schizophrenia subtype and antipsychotic use.
ObjectivesThe neural correlates of reduced motor activity in schizophrenia are widely unknown.
AimsTo elucidate possible mechanisms, we correlated objective motor activity with measures of grey and white matter structure, as well as resting state perfusion.
MethodsWe report the results of four studies from our lab. Schizophrenia patients and controls were scanned using a 3 T MRI scanner assessing resting perfusion (arterial spin labeling), structure and diffusion tensor imaging. In all participants, continuous actigraphy was performed for 24 hours in order to measure motor activity.
ResultsResting perfusion in schizophrenia correlated with activity in bilateral prefrontal areas in patients, while in controls correlations were exclusively in the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. In both groups, white matter integritiy in various frontal regions and the corticospinal tract correlated with motor activity. The group difference, however, was the inverse correlation of integrity and activity underneath the right supplemental motor area in patients. Grey matter volume did not correlate with activity in controls, but it did correlate in the posterior cingulate in patients.
ConclusionsInterindividual differences in brain structure and perfusion are associated with varying motor activity. Multiple imaging approaches point to altered cortical motor control in schizophrenia.
Altered motor pathway integrity in schizophrenia
- T. Bracht, S. Schnell, A. Federspiel, K. Jann, N. Razavi, H. Horn, R. Wiest, T. Dierks, W. Strik, T. Müller, S. Walther
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 26 / Issue S2 / March 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. 1355
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Introduction
Motor symptoms are frequent in patients with schizophrenia. Although recent DTI studies point to white matter alterations of the motor system in schizophrenia little is known about specific changes.
ObjectivesTo date there is a lack of approaches with hypothesis driven quantification of specific anatomical fibre tracts. Therefore, we aimed to compare structural connectivity between specific parts of the motor system such as the pre-supplementary motor area (SMA), the SMA-proper, the primary motor cortex and the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls in a DTI-fibre-tracking study.
AimsIt is the aim of this study to investigate whether fibre tract integrity of the motor system is altered in patients with schizophrenia.
MethodsDTI-data were measured in 21 patients with schizophrenia and in 21 healthy controls. Applying a probabilistic fibre tracking approach the most probable anatomical pathways between key regions of the motor system of each participant have been identified. The resulting probabilistic maps were normalized to obtain values between 0 and 1, normalized into the standard MNI-space and smoothed using an isotropic 3-mm Gaussian kernel. Group comparisons have been calculated using two-sample-t-tests.
ResultsFirst results point to altered fibre tract microstructure of loops including cortical motor areas and the basal ganglia. The data analysis is preliminary. Definite results will be presented at the conference.
ConclusionsAltered motor behaviour might be reflected by altered white matter integrity of loops including cortical motor areas and the basal ganglia.
3384 Serum Metabolites from the Trimethylamine Pathway Associate with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: The Bogalusa Heart Study
- Alexander C. Razavi, Camilo Fernandez, Xuenan Mi, Jiang He, Lydia Bazzano, Jovia Nierenberg, Shengxu Li, Tanika N. Kelly
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, pp. 53-54
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This population-based study aims to assess the individual and collective relationship between TMA-associated metabolites and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic function. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study cohort consisted of 1,039 adult participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (35.13% black, 57.94% female, aged 33.60 to 57.47 years). Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed via two dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function included peak early (E, cm/s) and late transmitral flow velocities (A, cm/s), septal mitral annular velocity (e’, cm/s), left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, ms), and peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity deceleration time (DT, ms). Metabolomic analysis of fasting serum samples was conducted via ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Six metabolites in the TMA pathway, carnitine, choline, TMAO, betaine, ergothioneine, dimethylglycine, and two composite variables, the betaine/choline ratio as well as the weighted sum of the six TMA-associated metabolites (TMA score), were selected a priori and tested for association with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Raw metabolite values were divided by their respective standard deviation to create an exposure variable for each individual metabolite. The betaine/choline ratio was calculated utilizing the raw value of each metabolite. The z-score method was used to transform the six metabolites to the same scale and these values were used to calculate the TMA score. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were employed to assess the relationship of TMA-associated metabolites with echocardiographic measures of diastolic function. Covariates adjusted for included sex, age, race, education, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtrate rate, body mass index, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, serum triglycerides, as well as blood pressure-, lipid-, and glucose-lowering medications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, four TMA-associated metabolites as well the TMA score were significantly associated with diastolic function. TMAO was inversely associated with IVRT (ß = −0.002 (0.00); p-value = 2.00E-03). Betaine (ß = 0.40 (0.08); p-value = 2.10E-07), carnitine (ß = 0.30 (0.07); p-value = 7.80E-05), dimethylglycine (ß = 0.27 (0.07); p-value = 3.00E-04), and the TMA score (ß = 0.10 (0.02); p-value = 3.40E-05), were positively associated with the septal E/e’ ratio. No significant associations were observed between metabolites or metabolite composite scores from the TMA pathway and the E/A ratio or DT. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This is the first population-based study to assess the role of TMA-associated metabolites in left ventricular diastolic function. Betaine, carnitine, dimethylglycine, and a metabolite score combining serum metabolites from the TMA pathway were positively associated with the septal E/e’ ratio, suggesting that a higher concentration of TMA-associated metabolites correlates with impaired diastolic function. These results suggest that both individual and grouped metabolites from the TMA pathway may serve as early biomarkers for pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction, an important causal factor for HFpEF. Future longitudinal, multi-omic studies incorporating microbiome, metabolomic and dietary analyses are needed to characterize the risk of ventricular diastolic function and HFpEF in the setting of exposure to TMA-associated metabolites.
Artemia sites in Iran
- T.J. Abatzopoulos, N. Agh, G. Van Stappen, S.M. Razavi Rouhani, P. Sorgeloos
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 86 / Issue 2 / April 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 March 2006, pp. 299-307
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Field surveys were conducted in order to collect information on the occurrence of wild Artemia populations in hypersaline environments such as salt lakes, lagoons and salty rivers. The mating behaviour of Artemia populations and the presence or absence of males were carefully recorded. Sampling involved the use of plankton nets. Collected cysts were characterized on the basis of their diameter and chorion thickness, while nauplii (instar-I) were characterized on the basis of their total length. Artemia populations were found at 17 different geographical locations scattered over 12 Iranian provinces. All Iranian Artemia populations are parthenogenetic with the exception of Artemia urmiana from Urmia Lake. During the last five years severe salinity increase has caused a dramatic reduction of population sizes in several hypersaline settings in Iran. The study of cyst and naupliar biometry revealed substantial differences between populations and can be used, to some extent, for their discrimination. Cyst diameter mean values range from 243.2 to 285.4 μm. For some Iranian parthenogens, cyst diameters were among the smallest recorded so far for parthenogenetic Artemia. The total length of newly hatched nauplii ranges from 455.5 to 529.8 μm.