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Amantadine augmentation in electroconvulsive therapy-resistant catatonia: a case report.
- L. Bueno Sanya, H. Andreu Gracia, O. De Juan Viladegut, L. Olivier Mayorga
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1066-S1067
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Introduction
Catatonia is a syndrome characterized by physical symptoms ranging from immobility to excessive motor activity. Besides being historically associated mainly with schizophrenia, it is widely known that it can be the expression of different psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions. The treatment of choice is benzodiazepines, indicating electroconvulsive therapy in refractory cases. Amantadine is considered a second-line therapy in setting when electroconvulsive therapy is not available.
ObjectivesTo describe the case of a patient with treatment-resistant catatonic schizophrenia. Not having responded to benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy, potentiation with amantadine was subsequently started.
MethodsOur patient presented at a psychopathological level; psychomotor inhibition, a perplexing attitude, and mute speech. At the motor level; ambitendency, indecision, automatic obedience, motor stereotypes, and facial grimaces. He did not present other alterations at the neurological level. Regarding complementary explorations, we performed neuroimaging and blood tests, which resulted all anodyne. With an alternative diagnosis, we considered that sequelae of a neuroleptic malignant syndrome could have produced the symptoms that he had suffered. Due to the persistence of the symptoms and their typical characteristics, catatonia was our first diagnostical impression. As treatment with benzodiazepines was ineffective, electroconvulsive therapy was started. No clinical improvement was observed. Given the refractoriness of the case, a review of the existing literature was carried out. We found reports of a good response to amantadine in similar cases. Amantadine was introduced up to a dose of 200mg.
ResultsAfter four weeks of treatment with amantadine at a dose of 200mg, the patient showed meager improvement at both psychopathological and motor level.
ConclusionsWe find the case of a patient with long-term schizophrenia who is nowadays dependent on all daily living activities and requires sustained care.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Conduct disorder and hyperprolinemia type I: A case report
- L. Olivier, Ó. De Juan, H. Andreu, L. Bueno, M. Llobet, A. Ortiz, A. Morer, L. Lázaro, D. Ilzarbe
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S205
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Introduction
Hyperprolinemia is defined by high proline levels of blood and its primary type consists on a metabolic disorder that is the result of a number of different genetic defects affecting the degradation of proline. The complex relationship between this disease and different psychiatric phenotypes has been an important subject of study in recent years, suggesting a “common psychiatric phenotype” (Namavar et al. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186(5), 289-317), though its exact characteristics are yet to be determined. A higher prevalence of psychotic disorders (Guo et al. Metab Brain dis 2018; 33 89-97) explained through altered glutamate metabolism, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay and intellectual disability has been proposed.
ObjectivesTo describe the case of a patient, recently diagnosed of hyperprolinemia type I, presenting a conduct disorder alongside with ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and an unspecified pervasive developmental disorder.
MethodsWe present the case of a 15-year-old male that has received follow-up care by our mental health services. The patient was born preterm (35+5 weeks) and required reanimation, oxygen therapy, antiretroviral therapy (biological mother was HIV positive) and pharmacological therapy with phenobarbital (in order to treat methadone withdrawal syndrome). It was adopted nationally when he was 18-month-old and experimented an adequate development during his first years, only highlighting slight psychomotor restlessness and distinctive facial features. During the next years, he receives diagnosis of ADHD (with little to no registered response to amphetamine derivatives), oppositional defiant disorder, social pragmatic communication disorder and fetal alcohol syndrome.
ResultsDuring his first hospital admission, a neuropediatrician was contacted to study the patient and recommended for a metabolic screening to be done, where high blood levels of proline were detected (940.1μmol/L). After this, a procedure of massive exome sequencing of genes that were known to be related to alterations in the metabolism of proline was conducted, finding the mutation c.[1357C>T] in the gen PRODH. This translates to an amino acid replacement in the protein proline dehydrogenase (p.[Arg453Cys]; [Arg453Cys]), which has been studied (Bender et al. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76 409–420) that it reduced its activity in a 70%, making it a very probable cause of the hyperprolinemia.
ConclusionsThere is still scarce evidence of the psychiatric phenotypes presented in patients with hyperprolinemia. Further research is needed in order to accurately define the complex relationship between this metabolic disorder and its effect on the central nervous system.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychotic disorders in young patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: A case report and literature review
- O. De Juan Viladegut, M. Llobet Farré, H. Andreu Gracia, L. Bueno Sanya, L. Olivier Mayorga, A. Morer Liñan, L. Lázaro García, A. E. Ortiz García
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S395
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Introduction
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:25,000. PWS results from defective gene expression on the paternal copy of chromosome 15. In 70% of the cases it is a deletion that means that part of the paternal chromosome 15 is missing. Maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) is present in 25% of cases. Typical clinical features of PWS are dysmorphism, hypotonia, hyperphagia, hypogonadism and developmental delay. In addition, the syndrome is accompanied by various psychiatric symptoms that are often insufficiently known within the psychiatric field. Regarding the relationship between PWS and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), individuals with mUPD appear to have a 3 to 4 times higher risk of psychotic symptoms than those with the deletion subtype. Psychotic episodes have an atypical presentation with recurrent episodes of confusion and rapidly fluctuating psychotic and mood symptoms.
ObjectivesTo describe an unusual clinical case in order to determine the management regarding clinical approach, and provide an overview of psychotic episodes in patients with PWS for the general practitioner with the most up-to-date information on workup and management.
MethodsWe report a case involving a 13-year-old woman with PWS (mUPD of chromosome 15) and mild intellectual disability (IQs 59), who presented psychotic symptomatology in the form of disorganized behavior, delusional ideation, auditory hallucinations, self-referentiality and suspicion. Parents reported that these symptoms started two days prior the day of consultation. No environmentals stressors were identified and no recent treatment changes were made. Patient’s medication consists in 150 mg sertraline per day due to anxiety control and aid in emotional and behavioral regulation.
ResultsGiven the diagnostic approach of a psychotic episode (PE) in a patient with PWS, it was decided to offer 0.5mg risperidone per day, in an increasing pattern until reaching a final dose of 1.25 mg per day, presenting a global remission of the psychotic symptomatology.
Recommendations for patients with PWS presenting PE are based upon systematic reviews. Patients with PWS, especially mUPD subjects, are at risk for SSDs and mood disorders. Antipsychotics (APs) are the gold standard in the treatment of SSDs, and some authors have suggested that APs protect patients with previous psychotic symptoms from relapse. It is unknown whether there is a protective effect of APs in mUPD patients who have not previously exhibited psychotic signs.
ConclusionsPWS represents a good example of a genetic disease with behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that may be challenging to treat with psychotropic medications. For a better understanding of psychiatric problems in adults with PWS, longitudinal studies with careful and standardized follow-up of psychiatric symptoms in PWS are necessary.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Double dystonia secondary to risperidone: acute laryngeal dystonia and oculogyric crisis.
- L. Tardon, O. Marco, L. Navarro, T. Fernandez, O. de Juan, M. Bioque, H. Andreu
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1066
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Introduction
Acute laryngeal dystonia due to antipsychotics is an uncommon but potentially lethal form of extrapyramidal reaction. The initial symptoms may be subtle but progressively appear difficulties in phonation, stridor and dyspnea which are often life-threatening.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of acute laryngeal dystonia and oculogyric crisis secondary to risperidone.
MethodsThe present study is a case report of a patient admitted for schizophrenia who was presented a laryngeal dystonia and oculogyric crisis after being treated with 5mg risperidone. We also searched previously case reports, series and systematic reviews of laryngeal dystonia using a pubmed query.
ResultsA 30-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted for schizophrenia presented rhinolalia, oropharynx paresthesias, mild dyspnea without stridor, and prolonged involuntary upword desviation of the eyes. All these symptoms started within 24 hours of starting risperidone 5mg per day. A laryngoscopy showed abnormal motion of the vocal cords that suggested laryngeal dystonia. Symptoms remitted after administration of intramuscular biperiden 4mg. Risperidone was later switched to olanzapine because of better psychomotor side-effect profile.
ConclusionsLaryngeal dystonia is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and immediate treatment. Anticholinergic agents should be carried out, without waiting for the results of complementary tests. The route of administration can be intramuscular or intravenous. This complication should be always kept into account when a patient is taking any antipsychotic, and remembered for the antipsychotic election in following treatments.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
SARS-CoV2 vaccination status among psychiatry inpatients: a retrospective cohort analysis
- H. Andreu, I. Ochandiano, L. Olivier, Ò. De Juan, L. Bueno, E. Cesari, J. I. Mena, S. Salmerón, P. Barrio
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S404
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Introduction
The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a deleterious impact in many areas. Given this, efforts have focused on developing effective vaccines and vaccination campaigns have been carried out prioritizing population at risk. This should include mental health patients since they are at higher risk of developing complications or ending up in a critical status. Since it may be sometimes difficult for these patients to access vaccination, hospitalization may be a window of opportunity to evaluate and offer vaccination.
ObjectivesThis study aims to retrospectively assess vaccination status and offer during admission of psychiatry inpatients at Hospital Clínic of Barcelona during a 6-month period, in order to determine if there are differences regarding vaccination rates compared to general population and between main diagnostic categories.
MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all admitted patients to the acute psychiatry ward. The main collected variables included age, gender, main psychiatric diagnosis, presence of organic comorbidities, vaccination status at admission and vaccination offer during admission. We used descriptive statistics to extract most of the information. A binary logistic regression was also conducted to evaluate whether the main diagnosis, age and gender had some influence upon vaccination status at admission.
ResultsBetween January 1st and June 30th of 2022, 216 patients were admitted to the psychiatry ward. A total of 42% were female, with a mean age for the whole sample of 42.8 years (SD 14.7). More than half were current smokers (55%), and 46% of the patients had at least one significant organic comorbidity. The percentages of main diagnosis were as follows: addiction 21.3%; bipolar disorder 18.5%; schizophrenia 18.1%; non-specified psychosis 14.4%; depression 7.4%; cognitive impairment 0.9%; personality disorders 6.9%.
Vaccination status was available for 187 patients (86.6%). Of these, 78 patients were fully vaccinated, 68 had an incomplete vaccination status and 41 patients had not received any dose. No differences on the vaccination status were seen based on the psychiatric diagnosis. Among patients with incomplete or no vaccination, 19 patients (17.4%) were offered a vaccination dose. A total of 11 patients accepted and received it (57.9%). In the logistic regression model, the only significant variable predicting an increase in the likelihood of being fully vaccinated was age, with every year of age increasing the probability of full vaccination by 6%.
ConclusionsOur data suggest that routine screening of vaccination status during psychiatric admission and improved strategies for vaccination offer and acceptance should become a priority in psychiatric wards. Given the impact of the pandemics, and the likelihood of new waves or even new pandemics, more research on vaccination strategies among mental health patients is warranted.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Role of MAOI drugs as triggers of manic episodes in bipolar disorders: A case report and a narrative review
- L. Olivier Mayorga, L. Ilzarbe, H. Andreu Gracia, L. Bueno Sanya, O. De Juan Viladegut, P. Barrio
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S407
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Introduction
Use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) has experimented an important reduction in recent years, being replaced by other antidepressant drugs (ADs) associated with a better safety profile. Its use has been restricted to instructed professionals treating resistant and atypical depression. Thus, treatment-emergent affective switch (TEAS) induced by MAOIs is a rare event nowadays.
ObjectivesTo describe a manic episode associated to a one-year-long treatment with phenelzine, a MAOI agent.
MethodsWe present the case of a 47-year-old man hospitalized in our acute psychiatric unit after presenting compatible clinical symptoms with a manic episode. He showed severe irritability, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, increased energy and goal-directed activities. The patient had started phenelzine a year ago for the treatment of major depressive episode resistant to previous pharmacological essayed treatments. No previous history of TEAS was reported, although he had already taken other ADs and mood-stabilizer treatments in the past.
ResultsSeveral studies reported the effectiveness of MAOIs for the treatment of monopolar depressive episodes resistant to other ADs, especially when atypical symptoms were observed. Data on the use of MAOIs for the treatment of drug-resistant bipolar depressive episodes is scarce. Few studies have described a good response without showing and increased risk of TEAS.
ConclusionsAs MAOIs have fallen out of favour with modern psychiatry, there is scarce evidence on the prevalence of TEAS in patients undergoing treatment with these drugs. Further research is needed in order to accurately define these complex relationships.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A case report and a literature review
- O. De Juan Viladegut, M. Bioque, L. Ilzarbe, H. Andreu Gracia, L. Bueno Sanya, L. Olivier Mayorga
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S587-S588
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Introduction
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) may be a life-threatening neurologic crisis primarily emerging as an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic agent use, and characterized by a particular clinical syndrome of mental status alter, rigidity, fever and dysautonomia. Mortality results straightforwardly from the dysautonomic manifestations of the disease and from systemic complications.
ObjectivesTo describe an unusual clinical case in order to determine the management regarding medication and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and provide an overview of NMS for the general practitioner with the most up-to-date information on etiology, workup, and management.
MethodsWe report a case involving a 55-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia disorder who presented with hyperthermia, hemodynamic instability, miosis, muscular rigidity, urinary incontinence, catatonic signs and mutism after combining several antipsychotics at the same time: long-acting injectable form of paliperidone, aripiprazol and haloperidol.
ResultsGuidelines for specific medical treatments in NMS are based upon case reports and clinical experience. Generally used agents are dantrolene, bromocriptine, and amantadine. A conceivable approach is to start with benzodiazepines along with dantrolene in moderate or severe cases, followed by the addition of bromocriptine or amantadine. ECT is generally reserved for patients not responding to other treatments.
ConclusionsNMS is an uncommon adverse drug reaction, with a multifactor pathophysiology and manifestation. Early diagnosis and interruption of antipsychotic therapy is the first-line treatment, followed by supportive care and pharmacotherapy. ECT is an effective treatment when supportive treatment together with pharmacotherapy fails. It could be considered first line in severe life-threatening situations. It is advisable to consider maintenance ECT due to the high risk of relapse.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Parkinson’s Disease and Bipolar Disorder: a case report and narrative review
- H. Andreu Gracia, L. Ilzarbe, O. Marco Estrada, L. Bueno Sanya, O. De Juan Viladegut, L. Olivier Mayorga, L. Pintor, F. Valldeoriola, I. Grande
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S480
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Introduction
Bipolar disorder (BD) is considered a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s Disease (PD) because of an altered dopamine activity in both entities. Comorbidity may delay diagnosis and difficult therapeutic management.
ObjectivesTo describe the case of a patient with both BD and PD and to determine the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients presenting both entities.
MethodsWe present the case of a 58-year-old woman attended in our neurology unit due to the initial presence of visual hallucinations as a core symptom.
ResultsPsychotic symptoms as hallucinations and off-times, frequently observed in PD, may be misdiagnosed with a worsening of depressive polarity of BD. Thus, overlap between symptoms may lead to a challenging differential diagnosis. Moreover, there is no consensus about the therapeutic management of the comorbidity, due to the bidirectional worsening of symptoms when treatment is adjusted. In our case, a diagnosis of dopaminergic psychosis was made so antipsychotic treatment with quetiapine 50 mg/d was initiated. A worsening of symptoms was observed, presenting the patient a stuporous status, mutism and generalized rigidity. Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture were performed showing no alterations; electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Final diagnosis was an off-episode of PD and a multifactorial encephalopathy resulting in visual hallucinations.
ConclusionsCoexistence of PD and BD may lead to a diagnostic and therapeutic delay and therefore a worse prognosis. Although these diseases are well-known, it is still challenging to manage patients presenting both entities. Further research is needed to clarify the proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach for these patients.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Atrial fibrillation debut following first electroconvulsive therapy combined with venlafaxine: a case report and a literature review
- L. Ilzarbe, D. Ilzarbe, J. Gil, M. Valentí, O. De Juan, N. Arbelo, C. Llach, M. Bioque
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S560-S561
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Introduction
Cardiovascular events (CVE) are infrequent adverse effects in patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Nonetheless, it constitutes a threat for patient’s life and may compromise continuing ECT.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of acute-onset atrial fibrillation under combined therapy with ECT and venlafaxine.
MethodsWe present a 76-year-old man diagnosed of delusional disorder and without any previous CVE, who was hospitalized in our acute psychiatric unit by major depressive episode with psychotic symptoms resistant to pharmacological treatment (valproic-acid 100mg/d, haloperidol 6mg/d, venlafaxine 300mg/d). ECT was initiated presenting atrial fibrillation after first session of ECT, requiring amiodarone and anticoagulant treatment for stabilization. Second session of ECT was delayed for three-weeks, worsening the psychiatric symptoms. Haloperidol was discontinued initiating lurasidone with better cardiovascular profile.
ResultsCVE occur in 2% of the patients receiving ECT, being acute arrhythmia the most frequent one. Among them, few cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) under ECT have been reported. It has been hypothesised that initial vagal response followed by catecholamine surge secondary to ECT could facilitate the development of AF. In addition venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug, may also predispose to arrhythmia in high-risk individuals. High doses of venlafaxine (>300mg/d) combined with ECT have been related with an increment of CVE.
ConclusionsAlthough clinically effective for the treatment of major depression disorder, combined therapy of ECT and venlafaxine could precipitate the start of a CVE in genetically susceptible individuals. Therefore, identify and clarify potential risk factors other than previous history of CVE is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
From medication to meditation as treatment for chronic stress and utility of hair cortisol measurement: randomized clinical trial
- O. De Juan Viladegut, M. Bioque, L. Bueno Sanya, H. Andreu Gracia, L. Olivier Mayorga
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S880
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Introduction
Stress is part of the daily life of many people, especially in Western countries. Recent studies have shown that cortisol has been listed as the primary hormone linked to stress. Currently, to measure cortisol values there are only tests that quantify it at a determined time point, without taking into account its variability and its changing pattern over time, depends on the circadian rhythm and other stress-related factors.
ObjectivesThis randomized clinical trial of the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona proposes to study the utility of accumulated hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a measure to correlate the levels of this hormone over time with the stress suffered by the patient.
MethodsPatients are classified into two groups: a control group and an intervention group. In the second group, the participants will follow a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with the aim of reducing stress and, consequently, cortisol levels.
ResultsThe purpose of this study is to validate the utility of HCC in order to, retrospectively, obtain cortisol secretion curves as a measure of the level of stress of each individual and personalize the treatments. Simultaneously, we intend to present new perspectives for treatment in psychiatric disorders where stress predominates, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or major depression (MD), which are becoming increasingly important in our society.
ConclusionsHCC contributes to the practice of personalized medicine as it allows us to detect cortisol exposure in the months prior to obtaining the capillary sample, and thus to draw the trend of this hormone over time.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The use of pramipexole in drug-induced parkinsonism: A case study on a patient with bipolar depression
- L. Bueno Sanya, A. Bermejo Pastor, H. Andreu Gracia, O. De Juan Viladegut, L. Olivier Mayorga, I. Pacchiarotti
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S411-S412
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Introduction
Pramipexole is a dopaminergic agonist used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome. Although there is a lack of pharmacological options to treat drug-induced parkinsonism, not many studies have been made on the use of pramipexole in its management. There is also evidence on pramipexole effectiveness on major depressive episodes, particularly for bipolar and treatment-resistant depression.
ObjectivesTo describe a case of drug-induced parkinsonism treated with pramipexole in a complex patient with bipolar disorder type I and obsessive-compulsive disorder, long-term treated with antipsychotics and valproate.
MethodsWe present the case of a 51-year-old woman admitted in our psychiatric inpatient unit mainly to treat a bipolar depression. She also presented a parkinsonian syndrome, and a neurological study was conducted. As a negative DaTSCAN concluded its cause to be pharmacological, we decided to stop lurasidone and initiated pramipexole.
ResultsGuidelines suggest that drug-induced parkinsonism should be managed by discontinuing causative drugs or switching to another agent. However, we decided to use pramipexole with the aim of not only treating the parkinsonian syndrome but helping manage the depressive episode. We observed a remission of the depressive symptoms and an improvement in the parkinsonian symptoms.
ConclusionsAlthough the best way to treat drug-induced parkinsonism is to avoid its causative agents, in clinical practice it is not always possible as some patients have resistant and complex psychiatric syndromes. We suggest considering pramipexole in its management, especially when dealing with a patient with a comorbid unipolar or bipolar depression. Further research is necessary to clarify its utility.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Previous disorders and depression outcomes in individuals with 12-month major depressive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys
- Annelieke M. Roest, Ymkje Anna de Vries, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Olatunde O. Ayinde, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, José Miguel Caldas de Almeida, Giovanni de Girolamo, Louisa Degenhardt, Silvia Florescu, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Chiyi Hu, Elie G. Karam, Andrzej Kiejna, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sing Lee, John J. McGrath, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Daisuke Nishi, Marina Piazza, José Posada-Villa, Kate M. Scott, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Dan J. Stein, Yolanda Torres, Maria Carmen Viana, Zahari Zarkov, Ronald C. Kessler, Peter de Jonge
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- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 30 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 November 2021, e70
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Aims
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterised by a recurrent course and high comorbidity rates. A lifespan perspective may therefore provide important information regarding health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to examine mental disorders that preceded 12-month MDD diagnosis and the impact of these disorders on depression outcomes.
MethodsData came from 29 cross-sectional community epidemiological surveys of adults in 27 countries (n = 80 190). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess 12-month MDD and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with onset prior to the respondent's age at interview. Disorders were grouped into depressive distress disorders, non-depressive distress disorders, fear disorders and externalising disorders. Depression outcomes included 12-month suicidality, days out of role and impairment in role functioning.
ResultsAmong respondents with 12-month MDD, 94.9% (s.e. = 0.4) had at least one prior disorder (including previous MDD), and 64.6% (s.e. = 0.9) had at least one prior, non-MDD disorder. Previous non-depressive distress, fear and externalising disorders, but not depressive distress disorders, predicted higher impairment (OR = 1.4–1.6) and suicidality (OR = 1.5–2.5), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Further adjustment for MDD characteristics weakened, but did not eliminate, these associations. Associations were largely driven by current comorbidities, but both remitted and current externalising disorders predicted suicidality among respondents with 12-month MDD.
ConclusionsThese results illustrate the importance of careful psychiatric history taking regarding current anxiety disorders and lifetime externalising disorders in individuals with MDD.
Reproductive variables of Hypleurochilus fissicornis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces: Blenniidae) on rocky intertidal zones in the South-western Atlantic
- Sergio M. Delpiani, Daniel O. Bruno, María I. Militelli, Fabián H. Acuña, Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa, Mariano González Castro
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- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 101 / Issue 2 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2021, pp. 409-418
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Hypleurochilus fissicornis is a resident species of the intertidal and subtidal zones of Mar del Plata, Argentina. The specific reproductive biology was studied by means of both microscopic and macroscopic analyses. A total of 212 males and 223 females were analysed. Specimens were dissected and their gonads and livers were removed. The gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes and the condition factor were calculated on a monthly basis. Hypleurochilus fissicornis breeds in rocky intertidal areas, and exhibits low fecundity with benthic eggs and parental care. Size at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 53.66 and 55.83 mm total length for females and males, respectively. The spawning season takes place between December and April.
A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: an action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together
- Claudio Azat, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Soledad Delgado, Andrew A. Cunningham, Mario Alvarado-Rybak, Johara Bourke, Raúl Briones, Osvaldo Cabeza, Camila Castro-Carrasco, Andres Charrier, Claudio Correa, Martha L. Crump, César C. Cuevas, Mariano de la Maza, Sandra Díaz-Vidal, Edgardo Flores, Gemma Harding, Esteban O. Lavilla, Marco A. Mendez, Frank Oberwemmer, Juan Carlos Ortiz, Hernán Pastore, Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Leonora Rojas-Salinas, José Manuel Serrano, Maximiliano A. Sepúlveda, Verónica Toledo, Carmen Úbeda, David E. Uribe-Rivera, Catalina Valdivia, Sally Wren, Ariadne Angulo
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Darwin's frogs Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum are the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis: R. rufum is categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, and R. darwinii as Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review of Rhinoderma spp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps on Rhinoderma spp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.
Position Statement on the Use of Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy in Canada: By the Canadian League Against Epilepsy Medical Therapeutics Committee, Invited Experts and Collaborators
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- Juan Pablo Appendino, Cyrus Boelman, Paula M. Brna, Jorge G. Burneo, Curtis S. Claassen, Mary B. Connolly, Michael V. T. De Guzman, Paolo Federico, Deirdre Floyd, Richard James Huntsman, Manouchehr Javidan, Nathalie Jette, Laura L Jurasek, Mark R. Keezer, Jonathan C. Lau, Bláthnaid McCoy, Richard S McLachlan, Marcus C. Ng, Dang Khoa Nguyen, Aylin Y Reid, Jong M. Rho, O. Carter Snead III, José F. Téllez-Zenteno, Laura Wang, Maria Martha Zak
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 6 / November 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 August 2019, pp. 645-652
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In Canada, recreational use of cannabis was legalized in October 2018. This policy change along with recent publications evaluating the efficacy of cannabis for the medical treatment of epilepsy and media awareness about its use have increased the public interest about this agent. The Canadian League Against Epilepsy Medical Therapeutics Committee, along with a multidisciplinary group of experts and Canadian Epilepsy Alliance representatives, has developed a position statement about the use of medical cannabis for epilepsy. This article addresses the current Canadian legal framework, recent publications about its efficacy and safety profile, and our understanding of the clinical issues that should be considered when contemplating cannabis use for medical purposes.
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- By Ralph M. Albrecht, Orlando J. Castejón, Joaquin De Juan, Vladimir Dusevich, J. David Eick, Giuseppe Familiari, Yasuhisa Fujii, Rosemarie Heyn, Katharina Höhn, Jens M. Holl, S. Inaga, Andres Kaech, Jan A. Litwin, Miriam S. Lucas, Jennifer R. Melander, Daryl A. Meyer, Adam J. Miodonski, T. Naguro, H. Nakane, Shinichi Ohno, Nobuhiko Ohno, O. E. Olorundare, Luciano Petruzziello, Michela Relucenti, Alejandro Romero, Michaela Sailer, Heide Schatten, Christopher Schmid, Elizabeth Schroeder-Reiter, Sol Sepsenwol, Nobuo Terada, Jerzy Walocha, Paul Walther, Gerhard Wanner, Peter Wild, Elizabeth R. Wright
- Edited by Heide Schatten, University of Missouri, Columbia
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- Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences
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- 05 January 2013
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- 06 December 2012, pp ix-xii
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Southernmost occurrence of Syngnathus folletti on a temperate coastal lagoon of Argentina
- Daniel O. Bruno, Mariana Addino, Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa
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- Marine Biodiversity Records / Volume 4 / December 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 August 2011, e62
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- December 2011
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We report the occurrence of a mature male Syngnathus folletti in the inlet channel of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (37°44′S 57°25′W, Buenos Aires, Argentina). This record constitutes the southernmost report for the species. Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon is characterized by mudflats surrounded by a large cord-grass area but not by grass beds which are seen to be a suitable habitat for S. folletti. Therefore, oceanic winds that allow warmer northern waters to approach the coast of Argentina could be the cause of the presence of the species.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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COMMISSION 41 WORKING GROUP on ASTRONOMY AND WORLD HERITAGE
- Clive Ruggles, Gudrun Wolfschmidt, Ennio Badolati, Alan Batten, Juan Belmonte, Ragbir Bhathal, Peter Brosche, Suzanne Dbarbat, David DeVorkin, Hilmar W. Duerbeck, Priscilla Epifania, Roger Ferlet, Jos Funes, Ian S. Glass, Elizabeth Griffin, Alexander Gurshtein, John Hearnshaw, George Helou, Bambang Hidayat, Thomas Hockey, Jarita Holbrook, Manuela Incerti, S. O. Kepler, Rajesh Kochhar, Edwin C. Krupp, Kurt Locher, Penka Maglova-Stoeva, Areg Mickaelian, Bjorn R. Pettersen, Mara Cristina Pineda de Caras, Gennadiy Pinigin, Luciana Pompeia, Zhanna Pozhalova, Shi Yun-li, Irakli Simonia, Francoise Le Guet Tully, Richard Wainscoat
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 6 / Issue T27B / December 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 May 2010, pp. 267-269
- Print publication:
- December 2010
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What follows is a short report on the Business Meeting of the Astronomy and World Heritage Working Group held on Thursday August 6, 2009. This was the first formal Business Meeting of the Working Group since its formation following the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the IAU and UNESCO on Astronomy and World Heritage in October 2008.
Parallel Bias-Enhanced Sulfur-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films
- Joel De Jesùs, Juan A. Gonzàlez, Oscar O. Ortiz, Brad R. Weiner, Gerardo Morell
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 775 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, P9.54
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- 2003
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The transformations induced by the application of a continuous bias voltage parallel to the growing surface during the sulfur-assisted hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of nanocrystalline diamond (n-D) films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The films were deposited on molybdenum substrates using CH4, H2 and H2S. Bias voltages in the range of 0 – 800 VDC were applied parallel to the substrate surface continuously during deposition. The study revealed a significant improvement in the films' density and a lowering in the defect density of the nanocrystalline diamond structure for parallel bias (PB) voltages above 400V. These high PB conditions cause the preferential removal of electrons from the gaseous environment, thus leading to the net accumulation of positive species in the volume above the growing film, which enhances the secondary nucleation. The nanoscale carbon nuclei self-assemble into carbon nano-clusters with diameters in the range of tens of nanometers, which contain diamond (sp3-bonded C) in their cores and graphitic (sp2-bonded C) enclosures. Hence, the observed improvement in film density and in atomic arrangement appears to be connected to the enhanced presence of positively charged ionic species, consistent with models which propose that positively charged carbon species are the crucial precursors for CVD diamond film growth.