22 results
Iron Influence in the Aluminosilicate Zeolites Synthesis
- E. I. Basaldella, R. M. Torres Sánchez, J. C. Tara
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / October 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 481-486
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The level of Fe impurities in 2 well-crystallized kaolinites was modified (by addition or chemical removal treatment) to analyze the Fe influence in the aluminosilicate zeolite synthesis.
The original and modified clays were heat-treated in order to change their reactivity for zeolite A synthesis, and their thermal transformations were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), determination of point of zero charge (PZC) and infrared (IR) techniques. It was established that many structural changes took place, regardless of the Fe clay content. Furthermore, the presence of Fe species in alkaline solution or in the solid phase did not seem to greatly influence the zeolite crystallization, because only small differences in the conversion values among samples with different Fe contents were registered. The crystallization process seemed to be related mainly to AI coordination changes produced by the thermal and Fe removal treatments used.
Hydroxy-Chromium Smectite
- C. Volzone, A. M. Cesio, R. M. Torres Sánchez, E. Pereira
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 41 / Issue 6 / December 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 702-706
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Hydroxy-chromium solutions were prepared from chromium nitrate solutions by adding NaOH with OH/Cr = 2.
The solutions were treated at 20°C and 60°C. The hydrolysis times were from 1 to 100 days. Polymeric species in hydrolyzed chromium solutions were followed by visible absorption spectra within the range 325–800 nm and by pH measurement. OH-Cr-smectite with high d(001) spacing (2.07 nm) was obtained when hydroxy-chromium solution was prepared at 60°C and with 1-day hydrolysis. When this sample was heated up to 350°C the basal spacing collapsed at 1.8 nm.
The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.
A polydiagnostic approach to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
- A. Sánchez-Torres, G. Gil-Berrozpe, R. Lorente-Omeñaca, M. Zandio, L. Moreno-Izco, E. García De Jalón, M. Ribeiro, V. Peralta, M. Cuesta
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, pp. S161-S162
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Introduction
Cognitive deficits are common, clinically relevant and closely linked to poor functional outcomes in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses.
ObjectivesTo ascertain to which extent a polydiagnostic assessment of schizophrenia is associated with clinically-derived criteria of cognitive impairment and gold-standard neuropsychological assessment.
MethodsWe assessed 98 patients with a psychotic disorder. We tested if patients met criteria for schizophrenia according to five diagnostic classifications: Krapelin, Bleuler, Schneider, ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Also, we applied a set of clinically-derived criteria to assess cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPs). Gold-standard neuropsychological assessment was administered, covering the cognitive domains included in the MATRICS Cognitive Battery: attention, processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function and social cognition. MANOVAs were performed to test the association between polydiagnostic and clinically-derived criteria and neuropsychological assessment.
ResultsMANOVA profile analyses revealed that patients who met CIAPs criteria showed cognitive impairment in all the cognitive domains except for social cognition. Patients diagnosed with Kraepelin’s criteria showed significant differences in processing speed, visual memory, working memory and GCI. Patients fulfilling Bleuler and DSM-IV criteria showed significant deficits in processing speed and verbal memory, respectively. Schneider and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria did not reveal differences in cognition between patients who fulfilled these criteria.
ConclusionsCIAPs criteria were the most accurate classifying patients with cognitive impairment, followed by Kraepelin’s criteria, which were the ones among diagnostic criteria which better differentiated patients regarding cognitive impairment. These criteria take into consideration the outcome in addition to symptoms.
DisclosureThis work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148). Both had no further role in the study des
Social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis
- I. González-Ortega, S. Alberich-Mesa, E. Echeburúa, M. Bernardo, B. Cabrera, S. Amoretti, A. Lobo, C. Arango, I. Corripio, E. Vieta, E. De La Serna, R. Rodriguez-Jimenez, R. Segarra, J.M. López-Ilundain, A. Sánchez-Torres, M. Cuesta, A. González-Pinto
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S163
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Introduction
Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.
MethodsThe sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.
ResultsAt baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (−10.215 to −0.337) and (−4.731 to −0.605) respectively).
ConclusionsCognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
DisclosureThis work was supported by the Carlos III Institute of Health and European Fund for Regional Development (PI08/1213, PI11/ 01977, PI14/01900, PI08/01026, PI11/02831, PI14/01621, PI08/1161, PI16/ 00359, PI16/01164, PI18/00805), the Basque Foundation for He
Empirical validation of the wcst network structure in patients
- G. Gil-Berrozpe, A. Sánchez-Torres, L. Moreno-Izco, R. Lorente-Omeñaca, A. Ballesteros, Á.S. Rosero, V. Peralta, M. Cuesta
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, p. S519
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Introduction
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and executive deficits are within the most impaired cognitive functions The Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST) has been extensively used in literature on schizophrenia and psychosis. The underlying structure of executive impairment may have important implications for our understanding of the complex connections between executive dysfunction and the psychopathology and neurofunctional basis of psychosis.
ObjectivesThe objective was to empirically validate the dimensions of the WCST network structure of patients regarding antecedent, concurrent and outcome variables.
MethodsSubjects were 298 patients with a DSM 5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder. To assess the empirical validation of network structure of the WCST antecedent, concurrent and outcome variables were selected from the CASH interview and other scales of patients.
ResultsPearson coefficient correlations between the 4 network loadings (NL) of WCST, namely perseveration, inefficient sorting, failure to maintain the set and learning, and antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators are shown in the table. PER and IS showed common and strong associations with antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators. LNG dimension was also moderately associated and FMS did not show significant associations.
Conclusions‘Perseveration’ and ‘Inefficient sorting’ dimensions achieve and share common antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators. While ‘Learning’ dimension achieves partial validation in terms of antecedent and outcome validators and ‘Failure to maintain the set’ dimension was not associated with external validators. These four underlying dysfunctions might help to disentangle the neurofunctional basis of executive deficits in psychosis.
Cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPS): Validity of clinical criteria to detect cognitive impairment
- A. Sánchez-Torres, G. Gil-Berrozpe, R. Lorente-Omeñaca, M. Zandio, L. Moreno-Izco, L. Janda, D. Peralta, V. Peralta, M. Cuesta
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, pp. S519-S520
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Introduction
Even though cognitive impairment is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia, it has not been included as a criterion into major diagnostic systems.
ObjectivesTo test whether a set of clinical-defined cognitive impairment criteria can have utility in the assessment of psychosis patients in clinical practice.
MethodsWe assessed 98 patients with a psychotic disorder, diagnosed using DSM 5 criteria. We developed a set of cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPs) criteria following the format of current DSM criteria and based on previous literature. The CIAPs criteria include: A) criterion for evidence of cognitive impairment after the beginning of illness; B) cognitive impairment clinically evidenced, affecting functioning in everyday activities in at least two out of six cognitive domains; C) and D) exclusion criterion for either delirium or other neurocognitive disorders, respectively, as causal agents of the cognitive impairment. The psychosis patients dichotomized by the CIAPs criteria were tested regarding the neuropsychological performance in attention, speed of processing, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function and social cognition tasks. Also a Global Cognitive Index was calculated.
ResultsForty-three patients with psychosis fulfilled the CIAPs criteria (43.9%). MANOVA profile analyses revealed a pattern of statistically significant deficits in all the cognitive dimensions except for social cognition in CIAPs+ patients regarding CIAPS-, with prominent deficits in processing speed and memory functions.
ConclusionsThe CIAPs criteria could be an auxiliary method for clinicians to assess cognitive impairment. It may also permit clinical estimation of the influence of cognitive deficits on the ecological functioning of patients.
Conflict of interestThis work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148). Both had no further role in the study des
Childhood trauma in a sample of patients with psychosis and healthy brothers
- R. Hernandez Anton, G. Gutierrez Talavera, M. Zandio Zorrilla, L. Moreno Izco, A. Sánchez-Torres
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, pp. S211-S212
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Introduction
Psychosis are complex disorders due to their symptomatic and evolutionary heterogeneity. The genetic-environmental interaction model is the most accepted etiopathogenic model, in which neurobiological processes (genetic factors, connectivity and brain structure) and environmental factors (for example: childhood trauma) are studied. The association between suffering traumatic events in childhood and the subsequent development of a Mental Disorder is of increasing interest.
ObjectivesAnalyze if a childhood trauma is a modulating factor of psychotic symptoms in patients with Mental Disorder. Analyze the implication of childhood trauma in long-term functionality.
MethodsThe sample is made up of 37 patients with psychosis and their healthy brothers. Different sociodemographic, clinical and evolutionary variables were collected in all groups. The sample was evaluated using the semi-structured interview CASH, the WHODAS scale and the self-applied questionnaire CTQ.
ResultsWe did not find significant differences between the scores of CTQ between patients with psychosis and their healthy brothers. Sexual abuse is significantly correlated with the presence of hallucinations, inappropriate affect, formal thought disorders and catatonic symptoms. Emotional neglect is significantly correlated with the presence of hallucinations, inappropriate affect, affective blunting, and anhedonia. Physical neglect is significantly correlated with flattery and blunt affection. Sexual abuse is correlated with poorer personal care. Emotional neglect is correlated with poorer personal care, poorer family functioning, and worse overall functioning in the last year.
ConclusionsThe intensity of traumatic experiences throughout childhood could be considered a modulating factor of psychotic symptoms (positive, negative, disorganized and catatonic) and overall functioning (occupational, family, social and personal care).
A network analysis of executive deficits in patients with psychosis and their healthy siblings
- G. Gil-Berrozpe, A. Sánchez-Torres, R. Lorente-Omeñaca, L. Moreno-Izco, E. García De Jalón, R. Hernandez Anton, V. Peralta, M. Cuesta
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2021, pp. S518-S519
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Introduction
Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment are core features of patients with psychotic disorders. Executive dysfunctions are within the most commonly observed deficits and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is the test most extensively used for their assessment. Yet, the structure of executive deficits remains unclear, as there may be different underlying processes.
ObjectivesThe study’s aims were to explore and compare the network structure of the WCST measures in psychosis and their unaffected siblings.
MethodsSubjects were 298 patients with a DSM 5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and 89 of their healthy siblings. The dimensionality and network structure of the 13 WCST measures were examined by means of the Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and centrality parameters.
ResultsThe WCST network structure comprised 4 dimensions: Perseveration (PER), Inefficient sorting (IS), Failure to maintain set (FMS) and Learning (LNG). Patient and sibling groups showed a similar network structure and in both cases the network structure was reliably estimated.
ConclusionsPerseveration measures reflect the inability to switch sorting rules when necessary. Scores for the IS dimension can occur when the subject ineffectively tries to test different sorting hypotheses, changing at random the response. FMS reflects the subject’s strategy when he/she is able to find out the sorting rule, but is unable to keep applying that rule long enough. LNG comprised conceptual ability and learning items. The lack of significant difference between network structures is in keeping with results from exploratory and confirmatory studies demonstrating an invariant cognitive factor structure between schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings.
Parkinsonism and basal ganglia volumes in first-episode psychosis
- M.J. Cuesta, A.M. Sánchez-Torres, T. Cabada, P. Lecumberri, R. Lorente-Omeñaca, J.M. López-Ilundain, M. Ribeiro, L. Moreno-Izco, M. Gómez
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S87
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Introduction
Parkinsonian motor signs are the most frequent of the genuine motor abnormalities present in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia, and are also present in patients with a first-episode of psychosis (FEP).
ObjectiveTo study whether there are differences in basal ganglia volumes depending on the presence of Parkinsonism in FEP.
MethodsForty-six patients with a FEP were included in the study. Twenty-three controls were included to normalise patients’ brain volume data. Parkinsonism was assessed with the UKU scale. Brain volumes were obtained with MRI (1.5 Tesla Siemens Avanto). Reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was made with the Freesurfer© software (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/). Patients were divided into two groups, considering the presence/absence of Parkinsonism (UKU total score cutoff point = 4). Patients have been treated with antipsychotics a mean of less than 2 months. There were not significant differences in the total exposure to antipsychotics between both groups. ANCOVAS were performed including gender as covariate.
ResultsPatients with Parkinsonism showed a trend towards significance to exhibit reduced volumes in the left caudate and right putamen (Fig. 1).
ConclusionsFEP patients who exhibit Parkinsonian signs tend to show reduced left caudate and right putamen volumes in the early phases of psychotic illness, after correcting by gender.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis
- I González-Ortega, A González-Pinto, S Alberich, E Echeburúa, M Bernardo, B Cabrera, S Amoretti, A Lobo, C Arango, I Corripio, E Vieta, E de la Serna, R Rodriguez-Jimenez, R Segarra, JM López-Ilundain, AM Sánchez-Torres, MJ Cuesta, PEPs Group:, I Zorrilla, P López, M Bioque, G Mezquida, F Barcones, C De-la-Cámara, M Parellada, A Espliego, A Alonso-Solís, EM Grasa, C Varo, L Montejo, J Castro-Fornieles, I Baeza, M Dompablo, I Torio, A Zabala, JI Eguiluz, L Moreno-Izco, J Sanjuan, R Guirado, I Cáceres, P Garnier, F Contreras, J Bobes, S Al-Halabí, J Usall, A Butjosa, S Sarró, R Landin-Romero, A Ibáñez, G Selva
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 16 / December 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 October 2019, pp. 2702-2710
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Background
Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.
MethodsThe sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.
ResultsAt baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (−10.215 to −0.337) and (−4.731 to −0.605) respectively).
ConclusionsCognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
A MUSE study of NGC 7469: Spatially resolved star-formation and AGN-driven outflows
- A. C. Robleto-Orús, J. P. Torres-Papaqui, A. L. Longinotti, R. A. Ortega-Minakata, S. F. Sánchez, Y. Ascasibar, E. Bellocchi, L. Galbany, M. Chow-Martínez, J. J. Trejo-Alonso, A. Morales-Vargas, F. J. Romero-Cruz, K. A. Cutiva-Alvarez, R. Coziol
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 15 / Issue S359 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 March 2021, pp. 291-294
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- March 2019
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NGC 7469 is a well-known type 1 AGN with a cirumnuclear star formation ring. It has previous detections of X-rays warm absorbers and an infrared biconical outflow. We analysed archival MUSE/VLT observations of this galaxy in order to look for an optical counterpart of these outflows. We report spatially resolved winds in the [O III] λ5007 emission line in two regimes: a high velocity regime possibly associated with the AGN and a slower one associated with the massive star formation of the ring. This slower regime is also detected with Hβ.
Nanocrystalline Particles of CoCrFeMnMoNi High Entropy Alloy as Reinforcement Material in an Al Matrix
- M. F. Bujanda-Sanchez, I. Estrada-Guel, R. Martinez-Sanchez, A. Torres-Garcia, C. A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A. Duarte-Moller, C. D. Gomez-Esparza
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2018, pp. 2292-2293
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- August 2018
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Facile Synthesis of High Luminescent Blue Emitting ZnS Quantum Dots for UV to Visible Light Conversion, Solar Cell and LED Applications.
- Gerardo Saavedra Rodriguez, F. Javier Carrillo Pesqueira, Raul Sanchez Zeferino, Roberto C. Carrillo Torres, Alvaro Flores Pacheco, O. Celso Velasquez, Roberto P. Duarte, M. Enrique Alvarez R.
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- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2018, pp. 1774-1775
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- August 2018
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Microwave irradiation used for all steps of pre-pillaring Al-montmorillonite
- S. Yapar, R. M. Torres Sánchez, M. Emreol, P. Weidler, K. Emmerich
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- Clay Minerals / Volume 44 / Issue 2 / June 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 July 2018, pp. 267-278
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In this study, a new procedure for the synthesis of pillared clays is proposed. Ageing processes and intercalation reactions were carried out using microwave irradiation in order to decrease the consumption of three industrially-important parameters; time, water consumption and energy. The effects of microwave irradiation, the amount of Al and the Al3+/clay ratio on the physicochemical properties of Al-pillared montmorillonites were investigated. The structural changes, depending on the intercalation and microwave irradiation, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and by measuring the specific surface area and pore-size distribution. Additionally, simultaneous thermal analyses (STA) and zeta potential measurements were carried out to determine physicochemical properties. According to the XRD measurements, the d001 value of microwave-irradiated samples is not affected by the amount of Al and the Al3+/clay ratio; microwave irradiation causes a 0.20 nm contraction in the d001 value in comparison to that of a conventionally pillared sample. The results of FTIR analyses reveal that the intensity of peaks assigned to Keggin-OH and Keggin-H2O stretches is diminished in the case of microwave-irradiated samples. The STA analyses indicate that the amount of water released during dehydroxylation is decreased in the case of microwave-irradiated samples. By considering the contraction in d001 values and the decreases in Keggin-stretching bands and also in the amount of dehydroxylation water, it was concluded that microwave irradiation has a calcination effect.
Photo-mediated Seedless Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using CW-Laser and Sunlight Irradiation
- F. Felix-Dominguez, R. C. Carrillo-Torres, J. A. Gonzalez, J. Hernandez-Paredes, R. Sanchez-Zeferino, M. E. Alvarez-Ramos
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 23 / Issue S1 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 August 2017, pp. 1902-1903
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- July 2017
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Randomized control trial to assess the efficacy of metacognitive training compared with a psycho-educational group in people with a recent-onset psychosis
- S. Ochoa, R. López-Carrilero, M. L. Barrigón, E. Pousa, A. Barajas, E. Lorente-Rovira, F. González-Higueras, E. Grasa, I. Ruiz-Delgado, J. Cid, I. Birulés, I. Esteban-Pinos, R. Casañas, A. Luengo, P. Torres-Hernández, I. Corripio, M. Montes-Gámez, M. Beltran, A. De Apraiz, L. Domínguez-Sánchez, E. Sánchez, B. Llacer, T. Pélaez, J. L. Bogas, S. Moritz, the Spanish Metacognition Study Group
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 47 / Issue 9 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2017, pp. 1573-1584
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Background
Aims were to assess the efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) in people with a recent onset of psychosis in terms of symptoms as a primary outcome and metacognitive variables as a secondary outcome.
MethodA multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed. A total of 126 patients were randomized to an MCT or a psycho-educational intervention with cognitive-behavioral elements. The sample was composed of people with a recent onset of psychosis, recruited from nine public centers in Spain. The treatment consisted of eight weekly sessions for both groups. Patients were assessed at three time-points: baseline, post-treatment, and at 6 months follow-up. The evaluator was blinded to the condition of the patient. Symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and metacognition was assessed with a battery of questionnaires of cognitive biases and social cognition.
ResultsBoth MCT and psycho-educational groups had improved symptoms post-treatment and at follow-up, with greater improvements in the MCT group. The MCT group was superior to the psycho-educational group on the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) total (p = 0.026) and self-certainty (p = 0.035) and dependence self-subscale of irrational beliefs, comparing baseline and post-treatment. Moreover, comparing baseline and follow-up, the MCT group was better than the psycho-educational group in self-reflectiveness on the BCIS (p = 0.047), total BCIS (p = 0.045), and intolerance to frustration (p = 0.014). Jumping to Conclusions (JTC) improved more in the MCT group than the psycho-educational group (p = 0.021). Regarding the comparison within each group, Theory of Mind (ToM), Personalizing Bias, and other subscales of irrational beliefs improved in the MCT group but not the psycho-educational group (p < 0.001–0.032).
ConclusionsMCT could be an effective psychological intervention for people with recent onset of psychosis in order to improve cognitive insight, JTC, and tolerance to frustration. It seems that MCT could be useful to improve symptoms, ToM, and personalizing bias.
Effects of UVC254 nm on the photosynthetic activity of photobionts from the astrobiologically relevant lichens Buellia frigida and Circinaria gyrosa
- J. Meeßen, T. Backhaus, A. Sadowsky, M. Mrkalj, F.J. Sánchez, R. de la Torre, S. Ott
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- International Journal of Astrobiology / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 October 2014, pp. 340-352
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In the past decade, various astrobiological studies on different lichen species investigated the impairment of viability and photosynthetic activity by exposure to simulated or real space parameters (as vacuum, polychromatic ultraviolet (UV)-radiation and monochromatic UVC) and consistently found high post-exposure viability as well as low rates of photosynthetic impairment (de Vera et al. 2003, 2004a; 2004b; de la Torre et al. 2010; Onofri et al. 2012; Sánchez et al. 2012, 2014; Brandt et al. 2014). To achieve a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of resistance, the present study subdued isolated and metabolically active photobionts of two astrobiologically relevant lichens to UVC254 nm, examined its effect on photosynthetic activity by chlorophyll a fluorescence and characterized the UVC-induced damages by quantum yield reduction and measurements of non-photochemical quenching. The results indicate a strong impairment of photosynthetic activity, photoprotective mechanisms and overall photobiont vitality when being irradiated in the isolated and metabolically active state. In conclusion, the present study stresses the higher susceptibility of photobionts towards extreme environmental conditions as UVC-exposure, a stressor that does not occur on the Earth. By comparison with previous studies, the present results highlight the importance of protective mechanisms in lichens, such as morphological–anatomical traits (Meeßen et al. 2013), secondary lichen compounds (Meeßen et al. 2014) and the symbiont's pivotal ability to pass into anhydrobiosis when desiccating.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. 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Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Cryptosporidium species and subtype analysis from dairy calves in Spain
- J. QUILEZ, E. TORRES, R. M. CHALMERS, G. ROBINSON, E. DEL CACHO, C. SANCHEZ-ACEDO
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 135 / Issue 14 / December 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 November 2008, pp. 1613-1620
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Faecal specimens from 287 diarrhoeic calves younger than 21 days, collected over a 2-year period (2006–2007) from 82 dairy cattle farms in 14 provinces across the north of Spain, were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Overall, 63 farms (76·8%) and 166 calves (57·8%) tested positive by microscopy. In order to elucidate the genetic diversity, selected positive specimens from 149 calves originating from 61 farms in the 14 provinces were examined by genotyping and subtyping techniques. Cryptosporidium parvum was the only species identified by PCR-RFLP of SSU rDNA from all 149 isolates and sequencing of a subset of 50 isolates, except for 2 specimens that were identified as C. bovis. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed that most C. parvum isolates (98%) belonged to the subtype family IIa and 2 isolates were identified as the novel subtype IIdA23G1. Subtype IIaA15G2R1 was the most common and widely distributed (80·3% of the 61 farms), followed by subtype IIaA16G3R1 (14·7%), whereas the remaining IIa subtypes (IIaA16G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, IIaA18G3R1, IIaA19G3R1) were restricted to 1–3 farms. All these C. parvum IIa subtypes have previously been described in human patients, indicating that most isolates from diarrhoeic calves in northern Spain have zoonotic potential.
Al-MWCNT Composites Obtained by Mechanical Milling
- R Perez-Bustamante, I Estrada-Guel, W Antnez-Flores, E Torres-Moye, A Hernández-Gutierrez, M Miki-Yoshida, R Martínez-Sánchez
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 14 / Issue S2 / August 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 August 2008, pp. 576-577
- Print publication:
- August 2008
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008