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Insight Into Precipitation Synergy of Nano β-NiAl + Cu + Carbide in Austenitic Steel by Atom-Probe Tomography
- Colin A. Stewart, Richard W. Fonda, Keith E. Knipling, Patrick G. Callahan, Paul K. Lambert
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / August 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2022, pp. 312-313
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- August 2022
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U.S. Dairy Farm Transition and Exits, 1987–2017
- Miyeon Son, Jessica Richard, Dayton M. Lambert
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- Journal:
- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 54 / Issue 2 / May 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2022, pp. 242-261
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This analysis examines aggregate structural changes in the United States dairy industry, 1987–2017. We estimate the likelihood of operation changes in herd size, entry, or exits for each of the lower 48 states using a semiparametric Markov process model. Small- and medium-sized dairy longevity correlates with higher dairy margins and productivity improvements. An increase in consumer expenditures on dairy products is associated with smaller operation exits. Industry dynamics exhibit a persistent trend toward consolidation in most states. The exit probability for each state and all size classes has increased significantly for most states since 2002.
Adverse Events Associated With Midline Vascular Catheters
- Richard Hankins, Nicholas Lambert, Mark Rupp, Terry Micheels, Elizabeth Lyden, Luana Evans, Kelly Cawcutt
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, p. s114
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background: Central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in increased patient morbidity. Guidelines recommend against peripheral venous catheters when access is required for longer than 6 days, often leading to central venous catheter (CVC) placement. To improve vascular access device choice and reduce the potential risk of CLABSI, we implemented a quality improvement initiative comprised of a vascular access algorithm and introduction of a midline vascular access device (MVAD). We report complications associated with MVAD use including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombophlebitis, and BSI. Methods: A prospective quality improvement assessment from October 2017 through March 2018. All MVADs were monitored for DVT, thrombophlebitis, and BSI. Insertion time and removal of MVAD were tracked, as well as presence of other vascular access devices. Results: From October 2017 through March 2018, 858 MVADs were inserted in 726 different patients, yielding 3,588 MVD days. In total, 6 primary BSIs occurred in patients with MVADs. In patients with only a MVAD, the rate was 0.72 BSI per 1,000 MVAD days, whereas patients with an MVAD as well as a CVC had a rate of 1.98 per 1,000 MVAD days. The overall CLABSI rate at the institution during this period of time was 1.24 per 1,000 CVC days. Also, 29 cases of thrombophlebitis occurred, for a rate of 3.84 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with only an MVAD compared to 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with an MVAD and a CVC. Also, 25 DVTs occurred during this time, resulting in a rate of 2.88 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with only an MVAD and 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with multiple vascular-access devices. A significant correlation was noted between MVAD indwell time and BSI (P = .0021) and thrombophlebitis (P = .0041). The median indwell time for patients experiencing BSI was 16.17 days ± 8.04 days, whereas the median indwell time for patients experiencing thrombophlebitis was 9.24 days ± 7.99 days. Conclusions: The implementation of a vascular-access algorithm including MVAD may effectively reduce CVC insertions and BSIs. The rate of BSI in MVAD was below that of CLABSI during the assessment period. Known complications associated with MVAD include DVTs and thrombophlebitis, which correlates with the duration of catheterization, and these risks appear to be further compounded in patients requiring multiple devices for vascular access. Further research into comparing the risk of vascular access of MVAD with CVC is warranted.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
Chapter 28 - Newspapers and Radio
- Edited by Ingo Zechner, Georg Spitaler, Rob McFarland
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- Book:
- The Red Vienna Sourcebook
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 23 October 2020
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2019, pp 547-566
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Summary
THE EXPERIMENTAL QUALITIES of print and broadcast media in Red Vienna embodied many of the contradictions and paradoxes of the entire Viennese social democratic experiment. As media “for all,” they were not only intended to be accessible and available in the sense of Jürgen Habermas's “public sphere”; they were also characterized by forms of universal address in the sense of Benedict Anderson's “imagined communities.” Therefore, the media needed to project both individual and mass appeal. In Red Vienna, determining the composition of the mass audience and developing means to reach them on the whole and in the singular were the main concerns for the party's leading cultural thinkers and nonpartisan figures alike, from Oscar Pollak and David Josef Bach to Alfred Polgar, Joseph Roth, and Karl Kraus.
Throughout the decade, the expectations of inclusiveness and inclusivity were increasingly haunted by the specters of partisanship and exclusivity. To promote their goals of social pedagogy in the service of class struggle, the Social Democrats engaged with thendominant media such as the party's daily newspaper (Arbeiter-Zeitung) and the national radio station (Radio Verkehrs AG, RAVAG). The Social Democratic Workers’ Party also created an infrastructure of cultural organizations, ranging from libraries for workers through societies for film and radio enthusiasts to clubs for particular interest groups. In this period of heady technological innovation, the rejuvenation of print in the form of advertising columns, wall and street newspapers, and illustrated magazines were complemented by early experiments with television and image-based telegraphy. With a focus on the dominant media of radio and newspapers, this chapter documents the parallel development of partyrun industries for communicating and distributing information to the masses. The juxtaposition of the old medium with its new competitor reveals a surprising similarity: while Social Democratic print culture battled to assert itself against the entrenched forces of Vienna’s bourgeois and boulevard press culture, radio provided an opportunity to renegotiate longstanding concerns about neutrality, representation, and freedom of speech.
The print sources included in this chapter, though not necessarily expressions of the new media themselves, illuminate Red Vienna's struggle to harness the power of mass media in the service of its collective, egalitarian political project. Far more than a straightforward form of propaganda, mass media in Red Vienna reveal tensions between the bourgeoisie and the working class, the technological and the traditional, which resulted in a number of unresolved contradictions.
Chapter 25 - Literature
- Edited by Ingo Zechner, Georg Spitaler, Rob McFarland
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- The Red Vienna Sourcebook
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- Boydell & Brewer
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- 23 October 2020
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2019, pp 483-502
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Summary
LITERATURE IN RED VIENNA possessed neither a salient position nor a unifying style. From the party's point of view, Josef Luitpold Stern had already formulated the task of literature prior to World War I (Wiener Volksbildungswesen, 1910). Stern viewed literature as a tool for combatting the influence of “kitsch, filth, and trash” (such as the adventure stories in the style of Karl May). In place of popular literature, the party touted the classics of German literature alongside a corpus of social realist works by Stern, Alfons Petzold, and Else Feldmann. In practice, however, readership statistics, publication lists, and reviews from the period point to a dynamic literary culture that embraces both kitsch and classics as well as works that today are considered canonical. The literature of Red Vienna cannot only be understood as a list of texts supported by the party, its inner circle, or its critics—including authors and thinkers such as Oscar Pollak, Ernst Fischer, and Ernst Waldinger—but as a patchwork of texts and writers from both the center and the periphery (such as Stefan Zweig, Hermann Broch, and Jura Soyfer) whose works were also well-received, either among party officials or among segments of the working class.
The literary culture of Red Vienna profited primarily from two institutions: the creation of the Vienna Workers’ Libraries and the prolific press culture. The initial pre-war band of workers’ libraries was significantly expanded to create a wide-reaching institution capable of explicitly influencing reader habits and gathering data for empirical social research. By carefully curating their collections with an emphasis on literary realism as well as the natural and social sciences, these libraries fused the party's interest in Marxist empiricism with literature to argue for fiction as a harbinger of objective reality. While the library system of Red Vienna sought to cultivate working-class reading culture, the vast newspaper scene in Vienna enabled the proliferation of literary forms. The offerings of the press spanned from serious journalism to political pamphlets to tabloids, creating a diverse collection of literary forms that reached from vernacular poems to fairy tales, from children's plays to travel accounts and serialized novels. Newspapers also enabled access to foreign literature in translation from authors such as Upton Sinclair, O. Henry, and Jack London.
Chapter 26 - Theater
- Edited by Ingo Zechner, Georg Spitaler, Rob McFarland
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- Book:
- The Red Vienna Sourcebook
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 23 October 2020
- Print publication:
- 15 November 2019, pp 503-524
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Summary
UNLIKE LITERATURE, the performing arts occupied a central role within the cultural and political programs of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, SDAP). Party leaders capitalized upon Vienna's vibrant theater scene to advance a pedagogical program driven by the stage. Under the initiative of David Josef Bach, culture editor of the Arbeiter-Zeitung, the formation of the Social Democratic Arts Council (Sozialdemokratische Kunststelle) in 1919 provided discounted tickets, supported theatrical productions, and defined a cultural agenda based on political education through collective participation and consumption. This mass participation gave rise to new forms of performing arts that reshaped both the theater as an institution and the communities it served. From the speaking choir (Sprechchor) movement to the spread of community theaters, the inauguration of socialist arts festivals (Festspiele) and, later, the explosion of political cabaret, the SDAP sought to develop and instill class cohesion informed and reinforced by the participatory, cooperative model of artistic performance.
The history of the performing arts in Red Vienna can be understood in terms of three distinct and occasionally competing initiatives. The official role of theater, articulated by Bach and the Arts Council, used the existing Viennese theater culture at the Raimundtheater and the Deutsches Volkstheater, among other theaters, to instill social values through classical works from the canon of German-language theater. This topdown artistic pedagogy revealed an optimism that Karl Kraus, Oscar Pollak, and others maligned as elitist and out of touch with working-class culture. An alternative conception of theater was endorsed by a group of artists—including Josef Luitpold Stern—who championed didactic plays as an essential cog in the process of cultural development, designed to serve and nurture the New Human just like breakthroughs in education, social housing, and hygiene. However, as social and political pressures on Red Vienna mounted throughout the 1920s, the performing arts became increasingly polemical and ultimately gave rise to a robust socialist cabaret scene in the late 1920s and early 1930s. This upswing was led by journalist and playwright Jura Soyfer as well as Ernst Fischer and Robert Ehrenzweig, founding members of the Socialist Performance Group (Sozialistische Veranstaltungsgruppe). This provocative agitprop theater (Agitationstheater) rallied support for the socialist cause through clear depictions of social injustice.
Kyllinga, a Genus of Neglected Weeds in the Continental United States
- Charles T. Bryson, Richard Carter, Lambert B. McCarty, Fred H. Yelverton
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / December 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 838-842
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The sedge genus Kyllinga consists of 40 to 45 species distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world (KUkenthal 1936; Tucker 1987). This genus of low rhizomatous perennials or cespitose annuals is classified in the large cosmopolitan family Cyperaceae. Many Kyllinga species are considered weedy (Holm et al. 1979; Tucker 1987), while Kyllinga nervosa Steudel is considered an important forage plant in Africa (McNaughton 1985).
Translating clinical trials into clinical practice: a survey assessing the potential impact of the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Trial
- Victor Zak, Daphne T. Hsu, Victoria L. Pemberton, Jami C. Levine, Andrew M. Atz, James F. Cnota, Chitra Ravishankar, Piers Barker, Linda M. Lambert, Brian W. McCrindle, Michele A. Frommelt, Karen Altmann, Shan Chen, Richard V. Williams, for the Pediatric Heart Network Investigators
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 27 / Issue 7 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2017, pp. 1265-1270
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Background
A few studies have evaluated the impact of clinical trial results on practice in paediatric cardiology. The Infant Single Ventricle (ISV) Trial results published in 2010 did not support routine use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in infants with single-ventricle physiology. We sought to assess the influence of these findings on clinical practice.
MethodsA web-based survey was distributed via e-mail to over 2000 paediatric cardiologists, intensivists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and cardiac advance practice nurses during three distribution periods. The results were analysed using McNemar’s test for paired data and Fisher’s exact test.
ResultsThe response rate was 31.5% (69% cardiologists and 65% with >10 years of experience). Among respondents familiar with trial results, 74% reported current practice consistent with trial findings versus 48% before trial publication (p<0.001); 19% used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in this population “almost always” versus 36% in the past (p<0.001), and 72% reported a change in management or improved confidence in treatment decisions involving this therapy based on the trial results. Respondents familiar with trial results (78%) were marginally more likely to practise consistent with the trial results than those unfamiliar (74 versus 67%, p=0.16). Among all respondents, 28% reported less frequent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor over the last 3 years.
ConclusionsWithin 5 years of publication, the majority of respondents was familiar with the Infant Single Ventricle Trial results and reported less frequent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in single-ventricle infants; however, 28% reported not adjusting their clinical decisions based on the trial’s findings.
Under-reporting of dietary energy intake in five populations of the African diaspora
- Lindsay Orcholski, Amy Luke, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Elizabeth Kettmann, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper, Dale A. Schoeller
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 113 / Issue 3 / 14 February 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 January 2015, pp. 464-472
- Print publication:
- 14 February 2015
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Studies on the role of diet in the development of chronic diseases often rely on self-report surveys of dietary intake. Unfortunately, many validity studies have demonstrated that self-reported dietary intake is subject to systematic under-reporting, although the vast majority of such studies have been conducted in industrialised countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not systematic reporting error exists among the individuals of African ancestry (n 324) in five countries distributed across the Human Development Index (HDI) scale, a UN statistic devised to rank countries on non-income factors plus economic indicators. Using two 24 h dietary recalls to assess energy intake and the doubly labelled water method to assess total energy expenditure, we calculated the difference between these two values ((self-report − expenditure/expenditure) × 100) to identify under-reporting of habitual energy intake in selected communities in Ghana, South Africa, Seychelles, Jamaica and the USA. Under-reporting of habitual energy intake was observed in all the five countries. The South African cohort exhibited the highest mean under-reporting ( − 52·1 % of energy) compared with the cohorts of Ghana ( − 22·5 %), Jamaica ( − 17·9 %), Seychelles ( − 25·0 %) and the USA ( − 18·5 %). BMI was the most consistent predictor of under-reporting compared with other predictors. In conclusion, there is substantial under-reporting of dietary energy intake in populations across the whole range of the HDI, and this systematic reporting error increases according to the BMI of an individual.
Deaths by suicide and their relationship with general and psychiatric hospital discharge: 30-year record linkage study
- Nadine Dougall, Paul Lambert, Margaret Maxwell, Alison Dawson, Richard Sinnott, Susan McCafferty, Carole Morris, David Clark, Anthea Springbett
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 204 / Issue 4 / April 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 267-273
- Print publication:
- April 2014
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Background
Studies have rarely explored suicides completed following discharge from both general and psychiatric hospital settings. Such research might identify additional opportunities for intervention.
AimsTo identify and summarise Scottish psychiatric and general hospital records for individuals who have died by suicide.
MethodA linked data study of deaths by suicide, aged ⩾15 years from 1981 to 2010.
ResultsThis study reports on a UK data-set of individuals who died by suicide (n = 16 411), of whom 66% (n = 10 907) had linkable previous hospital records. Those who died by suicide were 3.1 times more frequently last discharged from general than from psychiatric hospitals; 24% of deaths occurred within 3 months of hospital discharge (58% of these from a general hospital). Only 14% of those discharged from a general hospital had a recorded psychiatric diagnosis at last visit; an additional 19% were found to have a previous lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Median time between last discharge and death was fourfold greater in those without a psychiatric history. Diagnoses also revealed that less than half of those last discharged from general hospital had had a main diagnosis of ‘injury or poisoning’.
ConclusionsSuicide prevention activity, including a better psychiatric evaluation of patients within general hospital settings deserves more attention. Improved information flow between secondary and primary care could be facilitated by exploiting electronic records of previous psychiatric diagnoses.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
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Plenary Lecture: Strategies for skeletal health in the elderly
- Richard Eastell, Helen Lambert
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- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 61 / Issue 2 / May 2002
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- 27 March 2009, pp. 173-180
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Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, and the fractures that result from this disorder affect 40 % of women and 14 % of men over the age of 50 years. The risk of fracture relates to bone mineral density and the risk of falling, among other factors. Low bone mineral density in the elderly can result from either low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss, or a combination of the two. Nutritional factors play a role in both the attainment of peak bone mass and in the rate of age-related bone loss. The main determinants of peak bone mass are genetic factors, early-life nutrition, diet and exercise. Of the nutritional factors Ca, and particularly milk, are the most important contributors to peak bone mass. Some of these factors may interact; for example, a low dietary Ca in addition to an unfavourable vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism may result in low peak bone mass. The age-related changes in bone mass may also have a genetic basis, but deficiency of oestrogen is a major contributor. In addition, undernutrition is common in the elderly, and lack of dietary protein contributes both to impaired bone mineral conservation and increased propensity to fall. There is a decreased ability of the intestine to adapt to a low-Ca diet with increasing age. Other dietary factors include vitamin K, Zn and fruit and vegetables. Adequate nutritional status, particularly of Ca and vitamin D, is essential for the successful pharmaceutical treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, strategies for enhancing skeletal health in the elderly must begin in early childhood, and continue throughout life.
Environmental Effects on the Single Molecule Conductance of bis(thiahexyl)oligothiophenes
- Edmund Leary, Horst Höbenreich, Simon J. Higgins, Harm van Zalinge, Wolfgang Haiss, Richard J. Nichols, Christopher Finch, Iain Grace, Colin J. Lambert
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1154 / 2009
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- 31 January 2011, 1154-B04-02
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Simple alkanedithiols exhibit the same molecular conductance whether measured in air, under vacuum or under liquids of different polarity. Here, we show that the presence of water ‘gates’ the conductance of a family of oligothiophene–containing molecular wires, and that the longer the oligothiophene, the larger is the effect; for the longest example studied, the molecular conductance is over two orders of magnitude larger in the presence of water, an unprecedented result suggesting that ambient water is a crucial factor to be taken into account when measuring single molecule conductances (SMC), or in the design of future molecular electronic devices. Theoretical investigation of electron transport through the molecules, using the ab initio non-equilibrium Green's function (SMEAGOL) method, shows that water molecules interact with the thiophene rings, shifting the transport resonances enough to increase greatly the SMC of the longer, more conjugated examples.
Neonatal and infant physiology—impact of cardiopulmonary bypass in the developing patient
- Richard Lambert Auten, Jr
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- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / October 1993
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- 19 August 2008, pp. 394-406
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Cardiopulmonary bypass has been extended to the very young patient undergoing operative correction of congenital heart defects. Growth and development of the central nervous, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems place significant metabolic and nutritional demands on cellular growth and repair. Immature homeostatic regulation and cellular function require modification of the approaches to preservation of organs and cardiovascular support used in older children and adults undergoing open-heart surgery. Aspects of newborn and infant physiology relevant to cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative care are reviewed. Current approaches and future strategies designed to address the needs of the developing patient who requires cardiopulmonary bypass are discussed.
Index
- Edited by Glyndwr Williams, GLYNDWR WILLIAMS is Emeritus Professor of History, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London.
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Acknowledgements
- Edited by Glyndwr Williams, GLYNDWR WILLIAMS is Emeritus Professor of History, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London.
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Captain Cook
- Explorations and Reassessments
- Edited by Glyndwr Williams
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In the more than two hundred years since his death, Cook's reputation has been much discussed, opinion ranging from celebration of his achievement to more subjective assessments of the long-term implications of his voyages in those countries of the Pacific which he visited.
The thirteen essays in this book, grouped in four sections, continue the debate. 'The Years in England' cover Cook's Whitby background and the part played by the Royal Society in the Pacific ventures of the period. 'The Pacific Voyages' investigates the clash between the Endeavour's crew and the Aborigines on the banks of the Endeavour River, the process by which Cook and his crews became 'Polynesianised', Cook's visit to the Hawaiian Islands, and his call at Nootka Sound, both on his final voyage.
'Captain Cook and his Contemporaries' views other European explorers in the Pacific, and concludes with an analysis of Russian attitudes towards Cook. 'The Legacy of Captain Cook' compares Cook's death on Hawaii with the later killing of a missionary on Eromanga, examines fluctuations in Cook's reputation, and describes life on board the replica of the Endeavour.
GLYNDWR WILLIAMS is Emeritus Professor of History, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London. His many books include an edition of Captain Cook's Voyages, 1768-79, from the official accounts derived from Cook's journals.
Abbreviations
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Introduction
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Summary
The conference on ‘Captain Cook: Explorations and Reassessments’ held at the University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, on 11–14 September 2002, was the sixth International Conference sponsored by the Arts and Humanities Research Board Centre for North-East England History. In one way it was an appropriate commemoration of local allegiances, for James Cook was born at Marton-in-Cleveland, only five miles from the conference hall, and his earliest experience of the sea and ships was at Whitby, less than thirty miles away. In another way the conference represented world history, for as with any meeting on Cook and his voyages the subject-matter of many of the papers concerned the Pacific. This association between the local and the global, between the Yorkshire background of the young Cook, and the ocean crisscrossed by the famous navigator, was a prominent feature of the conference. It was held at a time when Cook continued to attract both scholarly and popular attention. In those countries of the Pacific visited by Cook the current debate tends to concentrate on the larger implications of Cook's voyages, and the extent to which the individual explorer could be held responsible for the actions of his successors. In Britain there is perhaps less questioning of Cook's role and more celebration of his achievements. A six-part BBC 2 television series on Cook's first Pacific voyage was shown just before the conference began; in the weeks immediately after the conference Radio 4 broadcast a three-part series on Cook's voyages. The full-size replica of the Endeavour had reached Britain earlier in the year, while the summer months saw the publication of several books on Cook and his voyages. It was, then, a timely moment for a conference whose aim was to assess the present standing of Captain Cook as one of the leading figures in eighteenth-century history.
The chapters presented in this volume represent a range of disciplines and approaches. They have been grouped into four sections. Part I, ‘The Years in England’, opens with Rosalin Barker's chapter describing Whitby in the eighteenth century, and the environment that helped to provide the young James Cook with a good scientific and mathematical education as well as a practical training in seamanship. Richard Allen follows this by investigating the implications of Cook's apprenticeship with the Quaker shipowners, John and Henry Walker.
List of illustrations
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