2 results
10 - Governance in Indonesia's Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study of Komodo National Park
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- By Rili Djohani, University of Leiden
- Edited by Robert Cribb, Michele Ford
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- Book:
- Indonesia beyond the Water's Edge
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 22 July 2009, pp 157-171
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- Chapter
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Summary
The governance of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Indonesia has undergone major changes over the past half-century. The system of centralized, technocratic management used in the 1970s and 1980s has since given way to a more community-focused approach. In the early 1990s, a series of natural resource management programs inspired by the community- based protected area programs in the Philippines were initiated with international support (White, Alino and Meneses 2006). Several collaborative management programs were subsequently established in support of the national parks and large-scale protected areas that form the basis for networks of MPAs across the Indonesian archipelago and in the Coral Triangle. These programs explicitly sought to address the problem of limited participation of local people that characterized the earlier system (TNC et al. 2008).
Using Komodo National Park as a case study, this chapter describes the collaborative management regime in Indonesian MPAs. It examines the ways in which government institutions and groups of resource users have shared responsibility for the park's management, as well as the influence of external factors on the governance and performance of the park. The chapter sheds light on the underlying assumptions and challenges associated with the implementation of collaborative management practices in Komodo National Park.
INDONESIA's MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
Healthy marine resources require healthy, intact ecosystems. Productive marine and coastal ecosystems are a source of goods and services that support communities and economies, including food security, tourism opportunities and coastal protection. They also help to maintain the full range of genetic variation that is essential to securing viable populations of key species, to sustaining evolutionary processes and to ensuring resilience in the face of natural and human disturbances (Agardy and Staub 2006; IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas 2008).
The Dutch colonial government established the first MPAs in the Indonesian archipelago, usually small areas of 1–2 hectares such as the Pulau Pombo reserve in Maluku. In the 1970s and 1980s, the central government undertook a massive expansion of national parks and nature reserves under the auspices of the Ministry of Forestry's Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation. Most of the national parks created during this period were on land, but some, such as Komodo National Park, covered marine areas.
6 - Balancing Biodiversity Conservation and Development in Eastern Indonesia
- from PART II - NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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- By Ian M. Dutton, The Nature Conservancy, Alaska, Rili Djohani, The Nature Conservancy in Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Setijati D. Sastrapradja, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Karla M. Dutton, Defenders of Wildlife, Alaska
- Edited by Budy P. Resosudarmo, Frank Jotzo
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- Book:
- Working with Nature against Poverty
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 14 May 2009, pp 125-146
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Summary
The biodiversity of eastern Indonesia is globally important from both an evolutionary biology and a socio-political perspective. An estimated 12 million Indonesians east of the Wallace line depend directly on biodiversity and ecosystem services for their livelihoods and well-being. Those resources are under increasing pressure as global demand increases, as comparable resources in western and central Indonesia are depleted and as population expands due to in-migration and local economic and population growth. In order to protect food security, sustain livelihoods and conserve critical biodiversity habitat such as coral reefs and forests, we must plan for appropriate use and conservation of biodiversity. In this chapter, we describe some of the challenges to biodiversity conservation in eastern Indonesia, and the innovative approaches being used in North and Central Sulawesi, Komodo and West Papua to conserve biodiversity and secure sustainable livelihoods for local communities.
INTRODUCTION
In this archipelago there are two distinct faunas rigidly circumscribed which differ as much as do those of Africa and South America and more than those of Europe and North America: yet there is nothing on the map or on the face of the islands to mark their limits (Alfred Russell Wallace 1869: 340).
Eastern Indonesia is remarkable for its biological differences to western Indonesia. The line that Wallace drew between the islands of Bali and Lombok, continuing between Borneo and Celebes (now Sulawesi), has become a hallmark of modern biogeography. While there has been much debate subsequently about where that line ought to be drawn and why (Wickramanayake et al. 2002), recent analyses of terrestrial and marine biogeographical patterns (Briggs 2005) have confirmed that, from an evolutionary biology perspective, there is clearly something very special about the flora and fauna of eastern Indonesia.
The so-called Coral Triangle (Djohani et al. 2003) that represents the global epicentre of marine biodiversity covers a larger area than just eastern Indonesia, but the centre of that marine diversity stretches from the Banda Sea to Papua New Guinea, as indicated in Figure 6.1.