35 results
Gray matter atrophy is constrained by normal structural brain network architecture in depression
- Shaoqiang Han, Keke Fang, Ruiping Zheng, Shuying Li, Bingqian Zhou, Wei Sheng, Baohong Wen, Liang Liu, Yarui Wei, Yuan Chen, Huafu Chen, Qian Cui, Jingliang Cheng, Yong Zhang
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 7 / May 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 November 2023, pp. 1318-1328
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Background
There is growing evidence that gray matter atrophy is constrained by normal brain network (or connectome) architecture in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether this finding holds true in individuals with depression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gray matter atrophy and normal connectome architecture at individual level in depression.
MethodsIn this study, 297 patients with depression and 256 healthy controls (HCs) from two independent Chinese dataset were included: a discovery dataset (105 never-treated first-episode patients and matched 130 HCs) and a replication dataset (106 patients and matched 126 HCs). For each patient, individualized regional atrophy was assessed using normative model and brain regions whose structural connectome profiles in HCs most resembled the atrophy patterns were identified as putative epicenters using a backfoward stepwise regression analysis.
ResultsIn general, the structural connectome architecture of the identified disease epicenters significantly explained 44% (±16%) variance of gray matter atrophy. While patients with depression demonstrated tremendous interindividual variations in the number and distribution of disease epicenters, several disease epicenters with higher participation coefficient than randomly selected regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and medial frontal gyrus were significantly shared by depression. Other brain regions with strong structural connections to the disease epicenters exhibited greater vulnerability. In addition, the association between connectome and gray matter atrophy uncovered two distinct subgroups with different ages of onset.
ConclusionsThese results suggest that gray matter atrophy is constrained by structural brain connectome and elucidate the possible pathological progression in depression.
Identification of shared and distinct patterns of brain network abnormality across mental disorders through individualized structural covariance network analysis
- Shaoqiang Han, Kangkang Xue, Yuan Chen, Yinhuan Xu, Shuying Li, Xueqin Song, Hui-Rong Guo, Keke Fang, Ruiping Zheng, Bingqian Zhou, Jingli Chen, Yarui Wei, Yong Zhang, Jingliang Cheng
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 14 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 March 2023, pp. 6780-6791
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Background
Mental disorders, including depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia, share a common neuropathy of disturbed large-scale coordinated brain maturation. However, high-interindividual heterogeneity hinders the identification of shared and distinct patterns of brain network abnormalities across mental disorders. This study aimed to identify shared and distinct patterns of altered structural covariance across mental disorders.
MethodsSubject-level structural covariance aberrance in patients with mental disorders was investigated using individualized differential structural covariance network. This method inferred structural covariance aberrance at the individual level by measuring the degree of structural covariance in patients deviating from matched healthy controls (HCs). T1-weighted anatomical images of 513 participants (105, 98, 190 participants with depression, OCD and schizophrenia, respectively, and 130 age- and sex-matched HCs) were acquired and analyzed.
ResultsPatients with mental disorders exhibited notable heterogeneity in terms of altered edges, which were otherwise obscured by group-level analysis. The three disorders shared high difference variability in edges attached to the frontal network and the subcortical-cerebellum network, and they also exhibited disease-specific variability distributions. Despite notable variability, patients with the same disorder shared disease-specific groups of altered edges. Specifically, depression was characterized by altered edges attached to the subcortical-cerebellum network; OCD, by altered edges linking the subcortical-cerebellum and motor networks; and schizophrenia, by altered edges related to the frontal network.
ConclusionsThese results have potential implications for understanding heterogeneity and facilitating personalized diagnosis and interventions for mental disorders.
Resolving heterogeneity in depression using individualized structural covariance network analysis
- Shaoqiang Han, Ruiping Zheng, Shuying Li, Bingqian Zhou, Yu Jiang, Keke Fang, Yarui Wei, Jianyue Pang, Hengfen Li, Yong Zhang, Yuan Chen, Jingliang Cheng
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 11 / August 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 August 2022, pp. 5312-5321
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Background
Elucidating individual aberrance is a critical first step toward precision medicine for heterogeneous disorders such as depression. The neuropathology of depression is related to abnormal inter-regional structural covariance indicating a brain maturational disruption. However, most studies focus on group-level structural covariance aberrance and ignore the interindividual heterogeneity. For that reason, we aimed to identify individualized structural covariance aberrance with the help of individualized differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis.
MethodsT1-weighted anatomical images of 195 first-episode untreated patients with depression and matched healthy controls (n = 78) were acquired. We obtained IDSCN for each patient and identified subtypes of depression based on shared differential edges.
ResultsAs a result, patients with depression demonstrated tremendous heterogeneity in the distribution of differential structural covariance edges. Despite this heterogeneity, altered edges within subcortical-cerebellum network were often shared by most of the patients. Two robust neuroanatomical subtypes were identified. Specifically, patients in subtype 1 often shared decreased motor network-related edges. Patients in subtype 2 often shared decreased subcortical-cerebellum network-related edges. Functional annotation further revealed that differential edges in subtype 2 were mainly implicated in reward/motivation-related functional terms.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, we investigated individualized differential structural covariance and identified that decreased edges within subcortical-cerebellum network are often shared by patients with depression. The identified two subtypes provide new insights into taxonomy and facilitate potential clues to precision diagnosis and treatment of depression.
Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China – down but not out
- Catherine A. Gordon, Gail M. Williams, Darren J. Gray, Archie C. A. Clements, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Yuesheng Li, Jürg Utzinger, Johanna Kurscheid, Simon Forsyth, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Jie Zhou, Zhaojun Li, Guangpin Li, Dandan Lin, Zhihong Lou, Shengming Li, Jun Ge, Jing Xu, Xinling Yu, Fei Hu, Shuying Xie, Jie Chen, Tao Shi, Chong Li, Huajun Zheng, Donald P. McManus
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 149 / Issue 2 / February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 November 2021, pp. 218-233
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Schistosomiasis has been subjected to extensive control efforts in the People's Republic of China (China) which aims to eliminate the disease by 2030. We describe baseline results of a longitudinal cohort study undertaken in the Dongting and Poyang lakes areas of central China designed to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in humans, animals (goats and bovines) and Oncomelania snails utilizing molecular diagnostics procedures. Data from the Chinese National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (CNSCP) were compared with the molecular results obtained.
Sixteen villages from Hunan and Jiangxi provinces were surveyed; animals were only found in Hunan. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans was 1.8% in Jiangxi and 8.0% in Hunan determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while 18.3% of animals were positive by digital droplet PCR. The CNSCP data indicated that all villages harboured S. japonicum-infected individuals, detected serologically by indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), but very few, if any, of these were subsequently positive by Kato-Katz (KK).
Based on the outcome of the IHA and KK results, the CNSCP incorporates targeted human praziquantel chemotherapy but this approach can miss some infections as evidenced by the results reported here. Sensitive molecular diagnostics can play a key role in the elimination of schistosomiasis in China and inform control measures allowing for a more systematic approach to treatment.
Progressive brain structural abnormality in depression assessed with MR imaging by using causal network analysis
- Shaoqiang Han, Ruiping Zheng, Shuying Li, Liang Liu, Caihong Wang, Yu Jiang, Mengmeng Wen, Bingqian Zhou, Yarui Wei, Jianyue Pang, Hengfen Li, Yong Zhang, Yuan Chen, Jingliang Cheng
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 5 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 September 2021, pp. 2146-2155
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Background
As a neuroprogressive illness, depression is accompanied by brain structural abnormality that extends to many brain regions. However, the progressive structural alteration pattern remains unknown.
MethodsTo elaborate the progressive structural alteration of depression according to illness duration, we recruited 195 never-treated first-episode patients with depression and 130 healthy controls (HCs) undergoing T1-weighted MRI scans. Voxel-based morphometry method was adopted to measure gray matter volume (GMV) for each participant. Patients were first divided into three stages according to the length of illness duration, then we explored stage-specific GMV alterations and the causal effect relationship between them using causal structural covariance network (CaSCN) analysis.
ResultsOverall, patients with depression presented stage-specific GMV alterations compared with HCs. Regions including the hippocampus, the thalamus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) presented GMV alteration at onset of illness. Then as the illness advanced, others regions began to present GMV alterations. These results suggested that GMV alteration originated from the hippocampus, the thalamus and vmPFC then expanded to other brain regions. The results of CaSCN analysis revealed that the hippocampus and the vmPFC corporately exerted causal effect on regions such as nucleus accumbens, the precuneus and the cerebellum. In addition, GMV alteration in the hippocampus was also potentially causally related to that in the dorsolateral frontal gyrus.
ConclusionsConsistent with the neuroprogressive hypothesis, our results reveal progressive morphological alteration originating from the vmPFC and the hippocampus and further elucidate possible details about disease progression of depression.
Phospholipase C signal mediated the glucose-induced changes of glucose absorption and lipid accumulation in the intestinal epithelial cells of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
- Tao Zhao, Shui-Bo Yang, Yi-Chuang Xu, Guang-Hui Chen, Yi-Huan Xu, Zhi Luo
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 126 / Issue 11 / 14 December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 January 2021, pp. 1601-1610
- Print publication:
- 14 December 2021
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In present study, we explored the effects and the underlying mechanisms of phospholipase C (PLC) mediating glucose-induced changes in intestinal glucose transport and lipid metabolism by using U-73122 (a PLC inhibitor). We found that glucose incubation activated the PLC signal and U-73122 pre-incubation alleviated the glucose-induced increase in plcb2, plce1 and plcg1 mRNA expression. Meanwhile, U-73122 pre-treatment blunted the glucose-induced increase in sodium/glucose co-transporters 1/2 mRNA and protein expressions. U-73122 pre-treatment alleviated the glucose-induced increase in TAG content, BODIPY 493/503 fluorescence intensity, lipogenic enzymes (glucose 6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase (FAS)) activity and the mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes and related transcription factors (6pgd, g6pd, fas, acca, srebp1 and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (chrebp)) in intestinal epithelial cells of yellow catfish. Further research found that U-73122 pre-incubation mitigated the glucose-induced increase in the ChREBP protein expression and the acetylation level of ChREBP in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the PLC played a major role in the glucose-induced changes of glucose transport and lipid metabolism and provide a new perspective for revealing the molecular mechanism of glucose-induced changes of intestinal glucose absorption, lipid deposition and metabolism.
Influence of tungsten content on microstructure and properties of tungsten-doped graphite-like carbon films
- Qingsong Yong, Guozheng Ma, Haidou Wang, Shuying Chen, Binshi Xu
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- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 31 / Issue 23 / 14 December 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 November 2016, pp. 3766-3776
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- 14 December 2016
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Four types of W-doped graphite-like carbon (W-GLC) films were deposited under different W target currents by magnetron sputtering method. The effects of W content on the microstructure and properties of the W-GLC films were analyzed via various characterization techniques. The results show that the microstructure of the W-GLC films tends to be loose, while the surface roughness distinctly increases with the increase in the W target current. Moderate W-doping can considerably improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the film, which will subsequently decrease as the W content becomes excessive. Moreover, the friction coefficient of the W-GLC films does not show a distinct change, but significantly increases when the W target current increases from 0.9 A to 1.2 A. In particular, when the W target current is 0.6 A, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the W-GLC film are 0.02 and 3.8 × 10−17 m3/N·m, respectively, exhibiting excellent tribological properties.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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LITOSTIGMA, A NEW GENUS FROM CHINA: A MORPHOLOGICAL LINK BETWEEN BASAL AND DERIVED DIDYMOCARPOID GESNERIACEAE
- Yi-Gang Wei, Fang Wen, Wen-Hong Chen, Yu-Min Shui, M. Möller
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- Edinburgh Journal of Botany / Volume 67 / Issue 1 / March 2010
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- 09 February 2010, pp. 161-184
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- March 2010
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Litostigma, a new Chinese genus of Gesneriaceae, is described and illustrated. It is characterised by its large flowers in comparison to its small leaves; slightly revolute leaf margins; 1-flowered cymes; crateriform or disciform stigma; and long ovoid capsule. Rather surprisingly, Litostigma falls among the basal didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae. Two new species, Litostigma coriaceifolium Y.G.Wei, F.Wen & M.Möller and Litostigma crystallinum Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen, are described.
Morphology and behaviour of silver-stained chromatid cores in mitotic chromosomes analysed by whole mount electron microscopy
- Jian Zhao, Shaobo Jin, Shui Hao, Ruiyang Chen
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- Genetical Research / Volume 68 / Issue 1 / August 1996
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- 14 April 2009, pp. 1-7
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Using silver staining and the whole mount electron microscopy technique of squashed chromosomes, we studied the substructural organization and behaviour of chromatid cores in mitotic chromosomes of spermatogonia of the grasshopper Oedaleus infernalis during mitosis. It was found that the formation of mitotic chromatid cores takes place during the transition from prophase to prometaphase. Each chromosome contains two compact chromatid cores which are surrounded by a halo of dispersed argyrophilic material emanating radially from the cores. In early metaphase the chromatid core usually appears as an extended, slender network running longitudinally through the entire length of the chromatid, while in late metaphase the core frequently has a spiral appearance. In addition, our results revealed the existence of interconnections between sister chromatid cores along their entire length, as a result of which sister chromatid cores appear as a single interconnected core network in mitotic metaphase chromosomes. At this stage the core occupies a lateral position in each chromatid. However, during the transition from metaphase to anaphase, the interconnections are gradually released to allow the individualization of sister chromatid cores and the segregation of chromosomes. The core comes to occupy a central position in each segregated chromatid. These findings demonstrate the presence of an intrinsic interconnected core network within metaphase chromosomes which could be involved in the maintenance and segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
AFLP markers for genomic DNA fingerprinting in pigs
- Ren Jun, Huang Lu-Sheng, Gary Evens, Ai Hua-Shui, Gao Jun, Chen Ke-Fei, Ding Neng-Shui
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- Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology / Volume 1 / Issue 1 / April 2004
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- 12 February 2007, pp. 9-12
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- April 2004
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AFLP provides an effective, rapid and economical tool for detecting a large number of polymorphic genetic markers that are highly reliable and reproducible, and are able to be genotyped automatically. The AFLP technique has been used extensively to detect genetic polymorphisms, evaluate and characterize breed resources, construct genetic maps and identify genes. In this paper, we describe the optimization of the AFLP technique for porcine genomic DNA fingerprinting, including the enzyme digestion, adapter ligation, preamplification, selective amplification, denatured PAGE, silver staining and multicolour fluorescent detection. Twenty-eight polymorphic markers were detected in the pooled genomic DNA of 44 pig breeds (populations) by E32/T32 primer combinations.
Establishing and optimizing the system for sex determination of bovine preimplantation embryos
- Chen Cong-Ying, Huang Lu-Sheng, Chen Jing-Bo, Ding Neng-Shui, Zhou Li-Lua, Xiao Hai-Xia
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- Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology / Volume 1 / Issue 1 / April 2004
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- 12 February 2007, pp. 13-16
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- April 2004
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Two pairs of nested primers were derived from the 5′ flanking sequence of the bovine SRY gene to serve as male-specific sexing primers, which were used for PCR-based sex determination of bovine embryos in combination with casein protein gene primers as internal control. At the same time, methods of DNA extraction from bovine embryo cells were established and the sensitivity of nested PCR and normal PCR was studied for developing a technique of sex determination of bovine embryos adapted for practical use. Results showed that the primers used in the study were male-specific and all primers were bovine-specific. Boiling and freeze–thawing were used for DNA extraction from embryo cells. Amplification products were obtained with only 10 cells by nested PCR, so this system was used for the sex determination of bovine embryos. The sex of 10 Holstein cow embryos was identified and the results were confirmed upon birth of the calves.
Micro-System Displacement and Profile Measurement By an Integrated Photon Tunneling and Confocal Microscope
- Wen-Jong Chen, Chih-Kung Lee, Shui-Shong Lu, Long-Sun Huang, Ta-Shun Chu, Ying-Chou Cheng, Wu-Fone Yeh
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- Journal of Mechanics / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / December 2002
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- 05 May 2011, pp. 173-183
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- December 2002
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An integrated optical method for measuring deformation of micro-mechanical systems with better than sub-micron resolutions is detailed. Both a confocal laser scanning microscope and a photon tunneling microscope were integrated into a single microscopy system due to their complimentary capabilities for examining sub-micrometer deformations. A halogen lamp and laser were adopted as the two light sources for the measurements. Since topographic information of samples up to a 15μm by 15μm area can be measured, a three-dimensional displacement field of the sample was extracted by comparing topographies of the same specimen area before and after deformation. The bending and twisting deformation of a micro-mirror driven by the electrostatic force was measured to demonstrate the capability of this newly developed instrument. The experimental data obtained agrees reasonably well with the theoretical results calculated by adopting an analytical solution and a finite element method. The small discrepancy in the result can be traced to the surface roughness effect, which is often non-negligible in micro-systems.
Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist, or Neo-Confucian? By T. H. Barrett. Oxford University Press, London Oriental Series Volume 39, 1992. xiv, 178 pp. $39.50.
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- The Journal of Asian Studies / Volume 52 / Issue 4 / November 1993
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- 23 March 2011, pp. 974-976
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- November 1993
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Conclusion
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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Summary
Liu Tsung-yüan died in Liu-chou on the eighth day of the eleventh month (or possibly a month earlier), the fourteenth year of the Yüan-ho era of Emperor Hsien-tsung (819), at the age of forty-six. Even for a T'ang adult, his life was not long. Yet his mind was so rich and sensitive that it reveals to us a good deal not only about the intellectual landscape and changes of his time but also about a more general human condition: how an idealist tries to transcend the cultural milieu and sociopolitical realities in which he finds himself and how such a person struggles with the persistence as well as the frailty of his aspirations.
The focus of this treatise, certainly, has been the examination of the life and thought of Liu in the light of their connections with mid-T'ang intellectual changes. I have paid particular attention to the implications of Liu's ideas and emotions for understanding the nature of the mid-T'ang Confucian revival and the origins of the Neo-Confucian tradition. In other words, this study was carried out in the hope that it could shed light on the general character of a pivotal intellectual transition in Chinese history through the scrutiny of an individual case. The result, I believe, is fruitful, and the following is a summary of my major findings and points of analysis.
Index
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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Introduction
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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Summary
In China, the study of the Confucian classics and the discourse on Confucian doctrine have been an uninterrupted tradition; China thus produced no Confucian “renaissance” in the sense of the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian humanist Renaissance. However, this does not mean that Confucianism has always maintained a high degree of intellectual vitality. In premodern China, at the intellectual level, the longest and most profound decline Confucianism suffered occurred during the period from approximately the third to the tenth century, that is, from the disintegration of the Han empire to the start of the Sung dynasty. This was an epoch in which Taoism and Buddhism successively predominated. However, the situation was reversed in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, with the emergence of a tradition commonly referred to as Neo-Confucianism. The Neo-Confucian movement of the Sung (960 – 1279) not only marked a potent Confucian revival, but also established Confucianism as the mainstream of thought in China until the May Fourth Movement of the early twentieth century. Neo-Confucianism, indeed, is one of the few key intellectual breakthroughs in China. This book concerns an intellectual development in the middle of the T'ang dynasty (618–907) that had important bearings upon the origins of this breakthrough.
Neo-Confucianism, however, is a vague and controversial term; some clarification about its usage in this book is thus required. Generally speaking, there are three views on this issue.
4 - Declaration of principles: Tao and antiquity
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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Summary
In the ninth month, 805, Liu Tsung-yüan was banished from the capital and made prefect of Shao-chou (in present central Hunan). While he was on his way to Shao-chou, the court increased the severity of its punishment of the Wang clique members, reassigning Liu farther south, to Yung-chou (in southern Hunan), and demoting him to marshal (ssuma). He stayed in Yung-chou for ten years. In early 815, after being back in Ch'ang-an, through the court's recall, for less than two months, he received yet another punitive appointment. This time he went farther down to the utmost southwest, to Liu-chou (in present Kwangsi), as prefect, and died there five years afterward. In the eyes of Liu and of contemporary intellectuals on the whole, both Yung-chou and Liu-chou belonged to the “barbarous areas.”.
Accompanied by his mother and her nephew Lu Tsun, Liu Tsung-yüan arrived in Yung-chou at the end of 805. Life in Yung-chou for Liu was in general lonely, painful, and boring. His elderly mother died in the fifth month of 806; he felt deeply guilty about the suffering his political fall brought on her. Having long been widowed, Liu was unable to find an appropriate marriage partner because Yung-chou's literati class was small and the available families did not want to marry their daughters to, as Liu himself put it, “a convict.” More important, Liu had no sons.
5 - Heaven, the supernatural, and Tao
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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Throughout his writings, Liu Tsung-yüan took pains to make the point that the human world was a self-sufficient realm, and did not have any connection with phenomena outside or beyond its domain. All the moral principles that he upheld and deemed part of the Tao were secular both in their origins and in their effects. These principles were neither derived from superhuman, transcendental imperatives, nor would their application result in practical happiness as a reward from a higher being or through the workings of an invisible supreme law. Likewise, the failure to follow the Confucian Tao would not necessarily lead to disaster. Liu once charged that stupidity and deception were what produced talk about the correlations between this world and the otherworld. As stated in Chapter 4, these were Liu's most distinctive as well as most fully elaborated ideas. It is my hope that a detailed examination of them will bring more light to the nature of and nuances within his Confucian ideas. Following this discussion, I shall compare Liu's notion of the Confucian Tao with those of other leading Confucian intellectuals in his time, so that the historical significance of his thought can be illuminated.
On “superstitions”
Liu fired his criticism at virtually all major types of conceptions pertaining to higher entities in his time: popular supernatural beliefs, the Taoist quest for longevity and immortality, and the Confucian idea of Heaven.
2 - Liu Tsung-yüan and the circumstances of Ch'ang-an
- Jo-Shui Chen
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- Liu Tsung-yüan and Intellectual Change in T'ang China, 773–819
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We do not know where Liu Tsung-yüan was born, but it is certain that he spent most of his youth in Ch'ang-an and its neighboring areas. During the last fourteen years of his life, when he served in southwestern frontier provinces as a banished official, in his heart and in his poems Ch'ang-an was the “hometown” to which he dreamed of returning. Having been back only once for a short recall, he died in Liu-chou (in present Kwangsi) in 819 at the age of forty-six. His family members and friends, however, buried him in Ch'ang-an. Without question, by virtue of his long residence in that city and his deep affection for it, Liu was truly a man of Ch'ang-an.
Ch'ang-an in T'ang China was, for most of the time, a glorious city. It was the imperial capital, a vast metropolis, and the cosmopolitan hub of all East Asia. In the last quarter of the eighth century, when Liu resided there, despite the fact that the city had suffered great physical damage not long before from the An Lu-shan rebellion and the Tibetan invasion of 763, Ch'ang-an's economic and cultural activities were more thriving than ever. At that time, Ch'ang-an had a population of approximately one million. People of all professions, classes, races, and nationalities, ranging from native peasants, soldiers and grandees to Persian traders, Japanese Buddhist monks and Central Asian wineshop waitresses, gathered there.