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55 Within-Individual BOLD Signal Variability During a Letter N-Back Task: Implications for a Verbal Fluency Network
- Stephanie N. Steinberg, Jeffrey G. Malins, Tricia Z. King
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 464-465
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Objective:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has generally focused on drawing conclusions from average brain activation patterns. Importantly, the brain is inherently variable; growing literature has found that within-individual blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability may be meaningful, and not just “noise.” For example, recent research has identified increased BOLD signal variability in healthy younger and older adults during more effortful/complex task loads of n-back paradigms, commonly used tasks that involve important elements of executive function (e.g., attention, working memory, planning, inhibition, etc.). Verbal fluency is a complex cognitive domain that also involves similar processes to generate words given certain rules. As a result, the current study builds on existing literature to investigate within-individual BOLD signal variability patterns in peak coordinates of a verbal fluency network during different loads of a letter n-back task. Due to greater executive demands, greater variability was expected during more effortful/complex n-back task loads in regions of a verbal fluency network.
Participants and Methods:Forty-eight healthy young adults (Mage(SD) = 22.41(4.47), 25 females) from the Atlanta area completed a letter n-back task in an MRI scanner. After standard processing in AFNI, images were corrected for motion and physiological artifacts, which may be confounding sources of variability. Volumes associated with each load of the letter n-back task (0-back, 1-back, 2-back, 3-back, crosshair) were identified. Task runs were normalized and respective run means were subtracted prior to concatenating all runs for each load type. Standard deviations were calculated across this mean-run corrected time series. Ten peak regions of interest (ROIs) were identified from a verbal fluency network generated from 84 peer-reviewed publications for this domain gathered on NeuroSynth. Paired samples t-tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons were conducted to explore differences in variability during n-back task loads.
Results:In several of the verbal fluency network ROIs, within-individual BOLD signal variability was significantly greater for 2-back versus 0-back loads with medium to large effect sizes (p’s < .001 - < .01, Cohen’s d range: .53-.93). Variability was also significantly greater for 3-back versus 0-back loads with small to medium effect sizes (p’s < .001 - < .01, Cohen’s d range: .48-.74). Specific regions that evidenced this pattern included ROIs in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left cingulate, right inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule. Only two regions demonstrated increased variability in the 1-back load versus crosshair (left middle frontal gyrus, p < .001, d = .63; left lentiform nucleus, p < .05, d = .42). No regions demonstrated a significant difference in variability in the 0-back load versus crosshair.
Conclusions:This study contributes to growing literature examining within-individual BOLD signal variability in healthy individuals by exploring variability patterns in a verbal fluency network. The observed pattern of results supports the hypothesis and is in line with previous research, demonstrating that greater variability occurs with greater executive task demands. Future research can use an inscanner task of verbal fluency and can extend variability findings during this in-scanner task to out-of-scanner measures of verbal fluency.
Complex cardiac implantable electronic device infections in Alberta, Canada: An epidemiologic cohort study of validated administrative data
- Teagan L. King, Derek S. Chew, Jenine Leal, Kristine Cannon, Derek V. Exner, Stephanie Smith, Oscar Larios, Kathryn Bush, Brian Yuen, Zuying Zhang, Elissa Rennert-May
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 44 / Issue 10 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2023, pp. 1607-1613
- Print publication:
- October 2023
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Objective:
To establish the epidemiology of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections in Alberta, Canada, using validated administrative data.
Design:Retrospective, population-based cohort study.
Setting:Alberta Health Services is a province-wide health system that services all of Alberta, Canada.
Participants:Adult patients who underwent first-time CIED implantation or generator replacement in Alberta, Canada, between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019.
Methods:CIED implant patients were identified from the Paceart database. Patients who developed an infection within 1 year of the index procedure were identified through validated administrative data (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision in Canada). Demographic characteristics of patients were summarized. Logistic regression models were used to analyze device type, comorbidities, and demographics associated with infection rates and mortality.
Results:Among 27,830 CIED implants, there were 205 infections (0.74%). Having 2 or more comorbidities was associated with higher infection risk. Generator replacement procedures (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.84; P = .008), age increase of every 10 years (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66–0.82; P ≤ .001), and index procedure after 2014 were associated with decreased risk. Comparing the infected to uninfected groups, the hospitalization rates were 2.63 compared to 0.69, and the mortality rates were 10.73% compared to 3.49%, respectively (P < .001).
Conclusions:There is a slightly lower overall rate of CIED infections Alberta, Canada compared to previously described epidemiology. Implants after 2014, and generator replacements showed a decreased burden of infection. Patients with younger age, and 2 or more comorbidities are at greatest risk of CIED infection. The burden of hospitalization and mortality is substantially higher in infected patients.
Moving Beyond Contact Precautions: Implementation of a Staphylococcus aureus Screening and Decolonization Program
- Sarah Hochman, Anna Stachel, Michael Phillips, Stephanie Sterling, Jennifer Lighter, Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld, Tamara King-Morrieson
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, pp. s321-s322
- Print publication:
- October 2020
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Background:Staphylococcus aureus–colonized hospitalized patients are at risk for invasive infection and can transmit S. aureus to other patients in the absence of symptoms. Infection isolation precautions do not reduce the risk of infection in colonized patients and are untenable in health systems with high rates of S. aureus colonization. Objective: We implemented an inpatient S. aureus screening and targeted decolonization program across hospital campuses to reduce transmission and invasive infection. We screen and decolonize for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) because MSSA makes up more than half of all S. aureus isolated from clinical cultures in our health system. Methods: All medicine, pediatrics, and transplant patients receive S. aureus nares culture at admission and upon change in level of care for medicine, and at admission and weekly for pediatrics and transplant patients. All S. aureus–colonized patients receive decolonization with nasal mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine baths. Two implementation frameworks guide our processes for S. aureus screening and decolonization: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, to evaluate factors affecting implementation at different levels of the health system, and the Dynamic Sustainability Framework, to account for iterative changes as the hospital setting and patient population change over time. Implementation interventions focus on education of patients and bedside nurses who perform S. aureus screening and decolonization; utilization of the electronic health record to identify patients for screening and/or decolonization and avoid human error; and introduction of a clinical nurse specialist to oversee the program and to provide iterative feedback. Results: At baseline, 21% of patients had S. aureus colonization, 20% of which was MRSA, and the MRSA bloodstream infection rate was 0.06 per 1,000 patient days. After program implementation, there was no change in S. aureus colonization and the MRSA bloodstream infection rate fell to 0.04 per 1,000 patient days. Screening compliance improved from 39% (N = 1,805) of eligible patients in the 6-month period before the introduction of the clinical nurse specialist to 52% (N = 2,024) after the introduction of the clinical nurse specialist. In the same periods, decolonization increased from 18.6% to 41% of eligible patients. Conclusions: We used 2 implementation frameworks to design our S. aureus screening and decolonization program and to make iterative changes to the program as it evolved to include new patient populations and different hospital settings. This resulted in a large-scale, sustainable, health system program for S. aureus control that avoids reliance on infection isolation precautions.
Funding: None
Disclosures: None
The interaction between oxytocin receptor gene methylation and maternal behavior on children's early theory of mind abilities
- Anna L. MacKinnon, Nancy Feeley, Ian Gold, Barbara Hayton, Leonora King, Corina Nagy, Stephanie Robins, Gustavo Turecki, Phyllis Zelkowitz
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 April 2019, pp. 511-519
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Theory of mind, the ability to represent the mental states of others, is an important social cognitive process, which contributes to the development of social competence. Recent research suggests that interactions between gene and environmental factors, such as oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and maternal parenting behavior, may underlie individual differences in children's theory of mind. However, the potential influence of DNA methylation of OXTR remains unclear. The current study investigated the roles of OXTR methylation, maternal behavior, and their statistical interaction on toddlers’ early emerging theory of mind abilities. Participants included a community sample of 189 dyads of mothers and their 2- to 3-year-old children, whose salivary DNA was analyzed. Results indicated that more maternal structuring behavior was associated with better performance, on a battery of three theory of mind tasks, while higher OXTR methylation within exon 3 was associated with poorer performance. A significant interaction also emerged, such that OXTR methylation was related to theory of mind among children whose mothers displayed less structuring, when controlling for children's age, sex, ethnicity, number of child-aged siblings, verbal ability, and maternal education. Maternal structuring behavior may buffer the potential negative impact of hypermethylation on OXTR gene expression and function.
fourteen - Biomechanical constraints to stair negotiation
- Edited by Alan Walker, The University of Sheffield
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- Book:
- The New Dynamics of Ageing
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 09 April 2022
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- 28 February 2018, pp 277-304
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Summary
Introduction
The majority of falls in old age occur during stair descent (Svanstrom, 1974; Tinetti et al, 1988; Startzell et al, 2000; Hamel and Cavanagh, 2004). The physical injuries arising from such falls are of obvious concern, but of equal importance is the fear of falling, and loss of confidence and mobility. Therefore, it is imperative to establish effective measures to reduce the risk of stair falls and accidents, in order to maintain independence and quality of life in old age.
Stair ascent is challenging, and becomes increasingly difficult as people get older. However, paradoxically, it is during stair descent where problems are more common. This is because stepping down is a very complex task, for which the downward movement of the body has to be controlled and balance maintained each time the foot contacts the step (McFadyen and Winter, 1988; Riener et al, 2002). Our ability to do this depends on many factors, including muscle strength, joint mobility, proprioception, vision and balance ability, all of which deteriorate with age (for example, Evans and Campbell, 1993; Grimston et al, 1993; Maki and McIlroy, 1996; Reeves et al, 2006).
Two critical design characteristics in a staircase that are related to these functional parameters are the step-rise, which is the height of each step, and the step-going, the depth of the step. It is possible that older individuals may be less able to generate the muscle forces required to support the body on the upper step or to control the motion when landing on the lower step. In fact, we have already documented that older people use more of their available muscle strength in their knee extensors and ankle plantarflexors to ascend and descend a staircase than younger people (Reeves et al, 2008, 2009). Previously, we examined stair negotiation of standard step dimensions (going: 280 mm, rise: 170 mm) with older adults. However, it is likely that age-related differences are amplified, with greater strength reserves required for more demanding stair-negotiating tasks (particularly higher step-rise) for the old. On the other hand, if the step-going is small (as is often the case in older homes), the ball of the foot of the lead leg will be placed towards the front edge of the step during descent, risking a slip.
Circulating n-3 fatty acids and trans-fatty acids, PLA2G2A gene variation and sudden cardiac arrest
- Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Traci M. Bartz, Irena B. King, Jennifer A. Brody, Barbara McKnight, Nona Sotoodehnia, Thomas D. Rea, Catherine O. Johnson, Dariush Mozaffarian, Stephanie Hesselson, Pui-Yan Kwok, David S. Siscovick
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- Journal:
- Journal of Nutritional Science / Volume 5 / 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 March 2016, e12
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Whether genetic factors influence the associations of fatty acids with the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is largely unknown. To investigate possible gene–fatty acid interactions on SCA risk, we used a case-only approach and measured fatty acids in erythrocyte samples from 1869 SCA cases in a population-based repository with genetic data. We selected 191 SNP in ENCODE-identified regulatory regions of fifty-five candidate genes in fatty acid metabolic pathways. Using linear regression and additive genetic models, we investigated the association of the selected SNP with erythrocyte levels of fatty acids, including DHA, EPA and trans-fatty acids among the SCA cases. The assumption of no association in non-cases was supported by analysis of publicly available datasets containing over 8000 samples. None of the SNP–fatty acid associations tested among the cases reached statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. One SNP, rs4654990 near PLA2G2A, with an allele frequency of 0·33, was nominally associated with lower levels of DHA and EPA and higher levels of trans-fatty acids. The strongest association was with DHA levels (exponentiated coefficient for one unit (1 % of total fatty acids), 0·90, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·97; P = 0·003), indicating that for subjects with a coded allele, the OR of SCA associated with one unit higher DHA is about 90 % what it is for subjects with one fewer coded allele. These findings suggest that the associations of circulating n-3 and trans-fatty acids with SCA risk may be more pronounced in carriers of the rs4654990 G allele.
Cognitive-behavioural Intervention for an Adolescent School Refuser: A Comprehensive Approach
- Justine Anderson, Neville King, Bruce Tonge, Stephanie Rollings, Dawn Young, David Heyne
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- Journal:
- Behaviour Change / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / June 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 October 2014, pp. 67-73
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A case study is presented of a 13-year-old adolescent male with a long history of anxious symptoms related to school attendance. At the time of referral to the school refusal clinic, the adolescent had significant difficulty attending school, having attended for only 1 day in the past 3 weeks. A cognitive-behavioural treatment program was conducted over 3 weeks, consisting of seven sessions with the adolescent, seven sessions with his parents, and consultation to school personnel. Treatment focused on the implementation of behaviour management techniques by caregivers as well as teaching anxiety management skills to the adolescent. Positive treatment outcomes included the adolescent's return to full-time attendance at school as well as a decrease in emotional distress. The implications of treatment are discussed in relation to the simultaneous application of behaviour management and anxiety management strategies in the treatment of school refusal.
School Refusal: An Overview
- Neville King, Thomas H. Ollendick, Bruce J. Tonge, David Heyne, Melinda Pritchard, Stephanie Rollings, Dawn Young, Nicole Myerson
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- Journal:
- Behaviour Change / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / March 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 October 2014, pp. 5-15
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Traditionally, mental health professionals and school authorities have found school refusal to be a perplexing and challenging problem. Relevant to an understanding of school refusal, we initially review some important developmental-normative considerations. The clinical features, epidemiology, and etiology of school refusal are also briefly discussed. We then describe a number of behavioural strategies that have been used in the management of school refusal. Finally, we review the research support for the efficacy and acceptability of behavioural strategies in the treatment of school refusal.
The Self-efficacy Questionnaire for School Situations: Development and Psychometric Evaluation
- David Heyne, Neville King, Bruce Tonge, Stephanie Rollings, Melinda Pritchard, Dawn Young, Nicole Myerson
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- Behaviour Change / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / March 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 October 2014, pp. 31-40
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Following Bandura's theory, a Self-efficacy Questionnaire for School Situations (SEQ-SS) was developed to assess the cognitions of school refusers. The instrument contains twelve school-related situations which are rated by children according to their belief about their ability to cope with each situation. Factor analysis yielded two reliable factors labelled Academic/Social Stress and Separation/Discipline Stress. Psychometric evaluation also revealed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Total self-efficacy scores for 135 school refusers ranged from very low to very high. Self-efficacy was highest with regard to doing school work and lowest with regard to answering peers' questions about absences. The clinical utility of the SEQ-SS is discussed, with implications for the selection of cognitive and behavioural treatment procedures. The application of the instrument in future research is also considered.
Cognitive-behavioural Intervention with a Depressed Adolescent Experiencing School Attendance Difficulties
- Stephanie Rollings, Neville King, Bruce Tonge, David Heyne, Dawn Young
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- Journal:
- Behaviour Change / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / June 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 October 2014, pp. 87-97
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This article describes a cognitive-behavioural intervention implemented over 10 sessions with an adolescent girl experiencing school refusal and depression. Treatment focused on the learning of various coping skills to deal with stressful situations at home and school. Following a decision to change schools, a rapid school return was employed. A multimethod, multisource evaluation was used at pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up assessments. The data indicated positive treatment outcomes: the adolescent returned to full-time attendance at school and exhibited decreased levels of emotional distress. The treatment gains were maintained at a 3-month follow-up.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Sexually Abused Children
- Neville King, Bruce J. Tonge, Paul Mullen, Nicole Myerson, David Heyne, Stephanie Rollings, Peter Muris
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- Journal:
- Behaviour Change / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / 01 April 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 February 2012, pp. 28-36
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Child sexual abuse is a highly prevalent problem that frequently occasions the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder in the victimised youngster. Given the success of cognitive-behavioral interventions with adult trauma victims, it has been suggested that this treatment approach be applied to sexually abused children. We review the empirical support for the efficacy and acceptability of cognitive-behavioral strategies in the treatment of sexually abused children. Several clinical practice and research issues are also noted.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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On the Origins of German Uvular [R]: The Yiddish Evidence
- Robert D. King, Stephanie A. Beach
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- Journal:
- American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / Fall 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 December 2008, pp. 279-290
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Yiddish provides a compelling argument that uvular [R] was present early in German (well before any possible French influence). Eastern European Yiddish r was uvular despite the fact that the r of eastern European languages sharing territory with Yiddish has always been overwhelmingly apical. Jews came from Germany to eastern Europe between 1100 and 1650. Thus, the testimony of Yiddish provides independent confirmation of other recent arguments for early uvular [R] on German-speaking territory. The weight of all the evidence leads to one conclusion: the theory that German uvular [R] came from France is no longer tenable.
Accelerating the development of emotion competence in Head Start children: Effects on adaptive and maladaptive behavior
- Carroll E. Izard, Kristen A. King, Christopher J. Trentacosta, Judith K. Morgan, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau, E. Stephanie Krauthamer-Ewing, Kristy J. Finlon
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 20 / Issue 1 / Winter 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 January 2008, pp. 369-397
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Separate studies of rural and urban Head Start systems tested the hypothesis that an emotion-based prevention program (EBP) would accelerate the development of emotion and social competence and decrease agonistic behavior and potential precursors of psychopathology. In both studies, Head Start centers were randomly assigned to treatment and control/comparison group conditions. In Study 1 (rural community), results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed that compared to the control condition (Head Start as usual), EBP produced greater increases in emotion knowledge and emotion regulation and greater decreases in children's negative emotion expressions, aggression, anxious/depressed behavior, and negative peer and adult interactions. In Study 2 (inner city), compared to the established prevention program I Can Problem Solve, EBP led to greater increases in emotion knowledge, emotion regulation, positive emotion expression, and social competence. In Study 2, emotion knowledge mediated the effects of EBP on emotion regulation, and emotion competence (an aggregate of emotion knowledge and emotion regulation) mediated the effects of EBP on social competence.
Atypical presentation of ataxia–oculomotor apraxia type 1
- Amre Shahwan, Philip J Byrd, A Malcolm R Taylor, Therese Nestor, Stephanie Ryan, Mary D King
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- Journal:
- Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology / Volume 48 / Issue 6 / June 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2006, pp. 529-532
- Print publication:
- June 2006
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A subgroup of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) associated with oculomotor apraxia (OMA) and other variable features has been reported. Ataxia–oculomotor apraxia types 1 and 2 (AOA1 and AOA2) belong to this subgroup and have been described in adults with early onset cerebellar ataxia. AOA1 is associated with oculomotor apraxia, severe sensorimotor neuropathy, choreiform movements, cognitive impairment, and cerebellar atrophy at an early age. We describe a male child with AOA1 who is homozygous for the G837A (W279X) mutation in the APTX gene. He presented at the age of 3 years 6 months with some atypical features including absence of OMA, chorea, and cerebellar atrophy. These manifestations, in addition to peripheral neuropathy, appeared at 8 years of age. We highlight the importance of considering the diagnosis of AOA1 in children with early-onset cerebellar ataxia, once other well-known disorders such as Friedreich's ataxia and ataxia–telangiectasia have been excluded.