8 results
Control of Purple Nutsedge by Bensulide
- W. Powell Anderson, Max P. Dunford
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 18 / Issue 3 / May 1970
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 338-340
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Soil incorporated into the tuber zone of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) at 1 to 9 kg/ha, O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) inhibited the growth of roots on plants developing from these tubers. The inhibitory effect was temporary and occurred only when bensulide was in intimate contact with the tubers and developing plants. When tubers were removed from bensulide-treated soil, washed, and replanted in untreated soil, root growth was normal. The production of shoots from tubers planted in bensulide-treated soil apparently was not affected, but shoot-growth was retarded when root growth was suppressed. When bensulide was incorporated into the upper 5-cm layer of soil, the shoots of nutsedge plants developing from tubers located below this layer grew through the treated soil with no adverse effect; the roots of these plants developed from basal bulbs below the layer of treated soil and were normal. Leaching bensulide-treated soil with 37.6 hectare-cm of water did not move enough bensulide into the soil to cause inhibitory growth effects on purple nutsedge.
Leaching of Trifluralin, Benefin, and Nitralin in Soil Columns
- W. Powell Anderson, Anna Beth Richards, J. Wayne Whitworth
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / April 1968
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 165-169
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As determined by bioassay of segmented soil columns, a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), N-butyl-N-ethyl-a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin) varied in their leachability in a clay loam soil, even though their water solubility is the same. Nitralin was by far the more easily leached, benefin was least leached, and trifluralin slightly more so than benefin. Four A-in or more of water readily leached nitralin deep enough into the soil in amounts great enough to adversely affect the root growth of sensitive crop plants. Trifluralin and benefin were leached into the soil in relatively minute amounts, and these amounts were not great enough to affect root growth of sensitive crop plants when at least 0.5-in of untreated soil separated the seed from the layer of soil in which the herbicides had been mixed. The apparent breakdown product of nitralin present in moist soil was leached as readily as nitralin.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Annie S. Anderson, James Barry, Eve Blair, Laura Brown, Sirinuch Chomtho, Rana Conway, Adrienne Cullum, Alan T. Davis, Mary Fewtrell, Lorraine Gambling, Y. Ingrid Goh, William W. Hay, William C. Heird, Louise Kenny, Christopher H. Knight, Wing Yee Kwong, Barbara Luke, Harry J. McArdle, Fergus McCarthy, Karin B. Michels, Ian M. Morison, Leslie Myatt, James D. Paauw, Theresa Powell, Shobha Rao, Tim Regnault, Wolf Reik, Jacques Rigo, Paul Rozance, Thibault Senterre, Kevin D. Sinclair, Alison C. Tse, Wendy L. Wrieden, Chittaranjan Yajnik
- Edited by Michael E. Symonds, University of Nottingham, Margaret M. Ramsay, University of Nottingham
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- Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation
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- 26 February 2010
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- 28 January 2010, pp vi-viii
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13 - Ferritin metabolism in hemochromatosis
- from Part III - Metal absorption and metabolism in hemochromatosis
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- By Gregory J. Anderson, Joint Clinical Sciences Program, Queensland Intitute of Medical Research and the University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Grant A. Ramm, Joint Clinical Sciences Program, Queensland Intitute of Medical Research and the University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, June W. Halliday, Joint Clinical Sciences Program, Queensland Intitute of Medical Research and the University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Lawrie W. Powell, Joint Clinical Sciences Program, Queensland Intitute of Medical Research and the University of Queensland, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Edited by James C. Barton, Southern Iron Disorders Center, Alabama, Corwin Q. Edwards, University of Utah
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- Hemochromatosis
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- 05 August 2011
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- 13 January 2000, pp 145-156
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Summary
Introduction
In all mammalian cells, iron in excess of current metabolic requirements is incorporated into ferritin. Effective iron storage is an essential component of cellular iron homeostasis, because iron not sequestered within the cell can catalyze potentially cytotoxic free radical-generating reactions. Although all cells can store iron in ferritin, macrophages and hepatocytes are particularly adapted for this function and retain excess iron as a reserve for times of increased body iron needs. The hepatocyte can take up iron in a variety of different forms and act as a major site of available iron stores, and thus has a central ‘buffering’ role in internal iron exchange.
Because hemochromatosis is an iron storage disorder, ferritin, the principal iron storage protein, plays an important role in the disease. Ferritin sequesters the iron distributed throughout the body as a consequence of elevated intestinal iron absorption. The serum ferritin concentration accurately reflects the body iron load and provides a valuable diagnostic tool. The iron in ferritin is not biologically inert but can be utilized readily for various cellular functions. The ability of ferritin to release iron in times of demand is essential physiologically but also underlies the treatment of hemochromatosis by phlebotomy therapy.
Aspects of ferritin metabolism relevant to hemochromatosis will be discussed in this chapter. The areas covered include a brief overview of ferritin biochemistry, a discussion of ferritin synthesis and its regulation in the intestinal mucosa, the liver and the reticuloendothelial (RE) system, and the role played by the serum ferritin concentration in the diagnosis of hemochromatosis.
9 - Markets, stabilisation and structural adjustment in Eastern European agriculture
- from Part Three - Risk and adjustment
- Edited by Ian Goldin, L. Alan Winters, University of Birmingham
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- Open Economies
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- 04 August 2010
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- 28 May 1992, pp 203-218
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Summary
Introduction
In this paper we consider issues arising in the development of a market economy in Eastern Europe, with particular reference to agriculture. The central question addressed is: to what extent is it possible to achieve the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy while satisfying a desire for a stable economic environment?
It is frequently stated that there are currently large uncertainties facing Eastern Europe. For instance, the future of the USSR, the major trading partner of all of the countries in the region, is a significant, exogenous source of uncertainty. Moreover, there are crucial uncertainties relating to the adjustment within the countries of the region. How will the proposed privatisation plans proceed? Where will true comparative advantages lie?
In many cases, changes are likely to arise in the form of discrete shocks rather than smooth processes and changes are likely to be permanent, not temporary. For instance, a collapse in the USSR, if it does occur, may be sudden. Changes in exchange rates are likely to be discrete, permanent devaluations. Changes in the trade regime, opening these economies to increased Western imports, are also likely to be in the form of discrete and permanent shocks.
In the face of these uncertainties, there is an understandable tendency for enterprises and individuals to seek stability. This is particularly marked in agriculture. The plea for greater stability has often been in the form of a call for state interventions. Indeed, one way of satisfying the desire for stability is simply to stop the process of liberalising the economy.
Trifluralin Effects On Cotton Seedlings
- W. Powell Anderson, Anna Beth Richards, J. Wayne Whitworth
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The effect of a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) on the growth of cotton seedlings was studied under greenhouse conditions as influenced by dosage, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 lb/A, and depth of soil-incorporation, 0 to 6 in in 0.5-in increments; the cotton seed were planted 1.5 in deep and watering was by subirrigation.
Trifluralin caused stunting in height of cotton seedlings and prevention of lateral root growth. The dosage of the chemical influenced the degree and persistence of stunting more than did depth of incorporation. Marked stunting occurred at 1 lb/A at all depths of incorporation and persisted for the duration of the experiments, about 1 month; slight to moderate stunting occurred at 0.75 lb/A or less but was of short duration, 1 to 2 weeks. Lateral root growth was affected more by depth of incorporation than by dosage; though the growth of the taproot was essentially unaffected, the growth of lateral roots was completely prevented by even the lowest dosage applied, 0.25 lb/A, incorporated to the greatest depth, 6 in. Root growth was prevented only along that portion of the taproot growing in treated soil; when trifluralin was incorporated above the seed, root development was unaffected. Stunting occurred independently of the effect on root growth.
The Herbicidal Activity of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Purple Nutsedge
- W. Powell Anderson, Max P. Dunford
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Dimethyl sulfoxide, soil-incorporated at rates of 20 to 240 gpa, prevented the growth of roots and delayed and inhibited the growth of shoots of plants developing from purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers for a period of about two months. This effect upon growth occurred only while the tubers and developing plants remained in treated soil; transplanted to untreated soil, subsequent growth of roots and shoots was immediate and normal. The effective soil-residual life of dimethyl sulfoxide was about three months, irrespective of dosage. Dosages of 2½ to 7½ gpa had no effect upon the growth of the nutsedge plants. At 10 and 15 gpa, the inhibitory effect of dimethyl sulfoxide becomes apparent.