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'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' highlights the specific health problems facing Africa today, most particularly the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book presents not only various health crises, but also the larger historical and contemporary contexts within which they must be understood and managed. Chapters offering analysis of specific illness case studies, and the effects of globalization and underdevelopment on health, provide an overarching context in which HIV/AIDS and other health-related concerns can be understood. The contributions on the HIV/AIDS pandemic grapple with the complications of national and international policies, the sociological effects of the pandemic, and policy options for the future. 'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' thus provides a comprehensive view of health issues currently plaguing the continent and the many different ways that scholars are interpreting the health outlook in Africa. Contributors: Obijiofor Aginam, Yacouba Banhoro, Richard Beilock, Charity Chenga, Mandi Chikombero, Kaley Creswell, Freek Cronjé, Frank N. F. Dadzie, Gabriel B. Fosu, Stephen Obeng-Manu Gyimah, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, W. Bediako Lamousé-Smith, William N. Mkanta, Gerald M. Mumma, Kalala Ngalamulume, Raphael Chijioke Njoku, Cecilia S. Obeng, Iruka N. Okeke, Akpen Philip, Baffour K. Takyi, Melissa K. Van Dyke, Sophie Wertheimer, Ellen A. S. Whitney. Toyin Falola is the Francis Nalle Higgenbothom Centennial Professor of History and Distinuished Teaching at the University of Texas at Austin. Matthew M. Heaton is a PhD candidate at the University of Texas at Austin.
Incidents of deliberate attempts to spread HIV infection have been reported among persons living with HIV in different parts of the world. Cases of different types of deliberate HIV transmission have been recounted, including use of force, attempts made by one partner in a couple having a sexual relationship, and serial attempts made by an infected person against different persons. In those countries where cases of deliberate transmission of HIV infection have been reported, men with HIV/AIDS were more likely than women to be involved in performing acts consistent with deliberate attempts of spreading HIV infection. Incidents involving women have been rare, and, when reported, tend to show that women may behave in this way as a form of retaliation against the presumption that their male partners deliberately exposed them to HIV infection.
Increasing numbers of deliberate attempts to spread HIV resulted in public pleas for criminal sanctioning of the perpetrator's behavior. The pleas were mostly meant to help women, who were often the victims of willful transmission of HIV infection. There have been several attempts to criminalize the deliberate spread of HIV. For instance, laws against HIV transmission include those passed in the United Kingdom, Zimbabwe, Australia, and in at least thirty states in the United States, making it a criminal offense to knowingly or willfully expose someone to or transmit HIV infection. Several studies have reported cases that have been decided, for example, in Cyprus, a man was sentenced to prison for not disclosing that he had AIDS to his British girlfriend, leading to her seroconversion.