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'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' highlights the specific health problems facing Africa today, most particularly the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book presents not only various health crises, but also the larger historical and contemporary contexts within which they must be understood and managed. Chapters offering analysis of specific illness case studies, and the effects of globalization and underdevelopment on health, provide an overarching context in which HIV/AIDS and other health-related concerns can be understood. The contributions on the HIV/AIDS pandemic grapple with the complications of national and international policies, the sociological effects of the pandemic, and policy options for the future. 'HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being' thus provides a comprehensive view of health issues currently plaguing the continent and the many different ways that scholars are interpreting the health outlook in Africa. Contributors: Obijiofor Aginam, Yacouba Banhoro, Richard Beilock, Charity Chenga, Mandi Chikombero, Kaley Creswell, Freek Cronjé, Frank N. F. Dadzie, Gabriel B. Fosu, Stephen Obeng-Manu Gyimah, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, W. Bediako Lamousé-Smith, William N. Mkanta, Gerald M. Mumma, Kalala Ngalamulume, Raphael Chijioke Njoku, Cecilia S. Obeng, Iruka N. Okeke, Akpen Philip, Baffour K. Takyi, Melissa K. Van Dyke, Sophie Wertheimer, Ellen A. S. Whitney. Toyin Falola is the Francis Nalle Higgenbothom Centennial Professor of History and Distinuished Teaching at the University of Texas at Austin. Matthew M. Heaton is a PhD candidate at the University of Texas at Austin.
In sub-Saharan Africa, Burkina Faso (in West Africa) is within a group of countries with low HIV prevalence, but where HIV/AIDS is nonetheless considered a major problem. According to Guiard-Schmid, the first clinical case of AIDS in Burkina Faso was diagnosed at the National Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo in Ouagadougou in 1985. Sera of patients from this center were tested in Paris, and some were declared HIV-1 positive. Serological research in 1986 attested to the presence of HIV 1 and HIV 2. Other documents on the first case of HIV/AIDS in Burkina Faso indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic broke out in the mid-1980s. The data of the AIDS commission of Burkina Faso show the first six AIDS cases in 1986 (table 13.1).
A closer look at the reports on new cases of AIDS reveals a global increase of declared cases between 1986 and 1997 (table 13.1). The general HIV/AIDS prevalence amounted to 3.4 percent of the population in 1991. It increased to 7.17 percent in 1997 before decreasing to 6.5 percent in 2001 and to 2.7 percent in 2004 (table 13.1). Burkina Faso, however, is still plagued by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Yet, from 1986 to 1997, Burkina Faso developed several strategies in the fight against HIV/AIDS: the fight against prostitution, the short-term plan (1987–89), the midterm plan (1990–95), and the population plan and fight against HIV/AIDS (PPLS from 1996 to 1999).