14 results
Another emerging threat to birds: avian mortality estimates from roadside transparent noise barrier collisions in South Korea
- Hae-Min Seo, Young-Jun Kim, Eun-Jae Lee, Su-Gil Lee, Woo-Shin Lee, Chang-Yong Choi
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- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 33 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 March 2023, e50
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Birds in flight are prone to collide with various transparent or reflective structures. While bird–window collision has been recognised as a critical conservation issue, collision with other transparent structures has been less understood. Noise barriers made of transparent materials are considered critical hazards for birds; however, little is known about the bird mortality they cause. We conducted the first nationwide-scale estimates of bird-collision mortality caused by transparent noise barriers (TNBs) along roads in the Republic of Korea. The total length of existing roadside transparent noise barriers was estimated at 1,416 km nationwide (as of 2018), and it had been increasing exponentially. Based on carcass surveys at 25 sites, daily mortality at the observed barriers was 0.335 ± 1.132 birds/km on average, and no difference in observed mortality was detected between both sides of a single barrier and between road types (i.e. local roads and motorways). Finally, we estimated that approximately 186,000 birds (95% confidence interval: 162,465–204,812 birds) are killed annually by collisions with roadside TNBs. As privately installed barriers were not considered in this study, the actual mortality is likely be higher than our estimates. Thus, collision with TNBs could become an emerging threat to avian conservation, especially in developing and urbanising regions around the world. As such structures are not formally recognised as conservation issues of importance, more systematic surveys aided by citizen science, both for the status of TNBs and bird-collision mortality, are needed in addition to management and mitigation policies.
Recombinant adenylate kinase 3 from liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis for histochemical analysis and serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis
- Soon Bin Kwon, Paul Kim, Hae Sun Woo, Tae Yun Kim, Ju Yeong Kim, Hye Min Lee, Yun Soo Jang, Eun-Min Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Baik Lin Seong
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 145 / Issue 12 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2018, pp. 1531-1539
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Due to the lack of an effective prophylactic intervention and diagnosis, human liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis continues to afflict a large human population, causing a chronic inflammatory bile duct disease. With an aim to identify target antigens for sensitive serodiagnosis, adenylate kinase 3 of C. sinensis (CsAK3) was successfully expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli by fusion to an RNA-interacting domain derived from human Lys-tRNA synthetase and purified by Ni2+-affinity chromatography. Anti-CsAK3 serum was raised by immunization of mice, and Western blotting confirmed that CsAK3 was expressed in adult-stage C. sinensis. Histochemical analysis showed that CsAK3 was localized to the subtegumental tissue of C. sinensis and was excreted into the bile duct of the host. When tested against sera from various parasite-infected patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the recombinant CsAK3 elicited a specific response to C. sinensis-infected sera. The results suggest that CsAK3, either alone or in combination with other antigens, could be used for improving the clinical diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
Periventricular white matter hyperintensities and the risk of dementia: a CREDOS study
- Sangha Kim, Seong Hye Choi, Young Min Lee, Min Ji Kim, Young Don Kim, Jin Young Kim, Jin Hong Park, Woojae Myung, Hae Ri Na, Hyun Jeong Han, Yong S. Shim, Jong Hun Kim, Soo Jin Yoon, Sang Yun Kim, Doh Kwan Kim
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 27 / Issue 12 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 July 2015, pp. 2069-2077
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Background:
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent incident findings on brain MRI scans among elderly people and have been consistently implicated in cognitive dysfunction. However, differential roles of WMH by region in cognitive function are still unclear. The aim of this study was to ascertain the differential role of regional WMH in predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to different subtypes of dementia.
Methods:Participants were recruited from the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS) study. A total of 622 participants with MCI diagnoses at baseline and follow-up evaluations were included for the analysis. Initial MRI scans were rated for WMH on a visual rating scale developed for the CREDOS. Differential effects of regional WMH in predicting incident dementia were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results:Of the 622 participants with MCI at baseline, 139 patients (22.3%) converted to all-cause dementia over a median of 14.3 (range 6.0–36.5) months. Severe periventricular WMH (PWMH) predicted incident all-cause dementia (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–3.43) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.12–3.07). Subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) was predicted by both PWMH (HR 16.14; 95% CI 1.97–132.06) and DWMH (HR 8.77; 95% CI 1.77–43.49) in more severe form (≥ 10 mm).
Conclusions:WMH differentially predict dementia by region and severity. Our findings suggest that PWMH may play an independent role in the pathogenesis of dementia, especially in AD.
Changes in health-related quality of life and quality of care among terminally ill cancer patients and survival prediction: Multicenter prospective cohort study
- Myung Kyung Lee, Woo Jin Lee, Young Rok Do, Keun Seok Lee, Kyung Hae Jung, Dae Seog Heo, Sam Yong Kim, Sang Yoon Park, Hyun Sik Jeong, Jung Hun Kang, Si-Young Kim, Sook Ryun Park, Young Ho Yun
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2014, pp. 1103-1111
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Objective:
This study examined changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and quality of care (QoC) as perceived by terminally ill cancer patients and a stratified set of HRQoL or QoC factors that are most likely to influence survival at the end of life (EoL).
Method:We administered questionnaires to 619 consecutive patients immediately after they were diagnosed with terminal cancer by physicians at 11 university hospitals and at the National Cancer Center in Korea. Subjects were followed up over 161.2 person-years until their deaths. We measured HRQoL using the core 30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, and QoC using the Quality Care Questionnaire–End of Life (QCQ–EoL). We evaluated changes in HRQoL and QoC issues during the first three months after enrollment, performing sensitivity analysis by using data generated via four methods (complete case analysis, available case analysis, the last observation carried forward, and multiple imputation).
Results:Emotional and cognitive functioning decreased significantly over time, while dyspnea, constipation, and pain increased significantly. Dignity-conserving care, care by healthcare professionals, family relationships, and QCQ–EoL total score decreased significantly. Global QoL, appetite loss, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG–PS) scores were significantly associated with survival.
Significance of results:Future standardization of palliative care should be focused on assessment of these deteriorated types of quality. Accurate estimates of the length of life remaining for terminally ill cancer patients by such EoL-enhancing factors as global QoL, appetite loss, and ECOG–PS are needed to help patients experience a dignified and comfortable death.
Elderly suicide attempters by self-poisoning in Korea
- Yoo-Ra Kim, Kyoung Ho Choi, Youngmin Oh, Hae-Kook Lee, Yong-Sil Kweon, Chung Tai Lee, Kyoung-Uk Lee
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 23 / Issue 6 / August 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 March 2011, pp. 979-985
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Background: Suicide is a major public health concern. The elderly have the highest rate of suicide and they make more lethal suicide attempts and have fewer psychiatric interventions than young people. Furthermore, they have old-age specific psychosocial difficulties. The present study investigated psychosocial risk factors and characteristics of an index suicide attempt of the elderly suicide attempters.
Methods: Subjects included 388 patients who were admitted to the emergency room following self-poisoning. Two age groups were defined: younger patients (aged less than 65 years) and older patients (aged over 65 years). Data including demographic factors, suicidal risk factors and information about the current suicide attempt were obtained from a retrospective chart review.
Results: The number of suicide attempters over the age of 65 years old was 57, and their mean age was 73.5 ± 7.5 years. The elderly patients had more underlying medical illnesses than the under-65 group (p < 0.001). Depression was the most common psychiatric diagnosis. Psychotropics were the most commonly ingested drugs in both groups, but the use of pesticides was more notable in the elderly. The elderly suicide attempters had higher risk-rating scores (p < 0.001) and lower rescue-rating scores (p = 0.014) than the under-65 group. Male-to-female ratio of the elderly group was nearly 1:1 unlike the under-65 group (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: Elderly suicide attempters had different psychosocial stressors such as physical illness and more lethal suicide attempts. Our study suggests the need for development of specific preventive strategies and management guidelines for the elderly suicide attempters.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Self-aligned Thin Film Transistor Fabrication with an Ultra Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Process on a Benzocyclobutene Planarized Stainless Steel Foil Substrate
- Jaehyun Moon, Dong-Jin Park, Choong-Heui Chung, Yong-Hae Kim, Sun Jin Yun, Jung Wook Lim, Jin Ho Lee
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 910 / 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 0910-A18-03
- Print publication:
- 2006
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Compared to plastic, from the view point of ultra low temperature poly-Si (ULTPS) processes for realizing flexible active matrix organic light emitting diode (AM-OLED) display, SSF offers high thermal resistance and chemical stability, and lithography stability. As SSF is stiffer than plastic film, SSF is expected to reduce stress which originates from difference in coefficient of thermal expansion. However, SSF substrate itself also bears surface roughness problem, which necessitates an appropriate planarization step. Also to fully integrate both the drive circuits and the pixel thin-film transistor(TFT)s in a monolithic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology high mobility is required, calling for poly-Si usage.
We will deal with the planarization process, and then address various processing issues. Especially, we will demonstrate our successful SLS of Si on SSF substrates. Finally we show the device performances. All fabrication temperatures were kept below 200 oC to meet a ULTPS process.
Due to the rolling process for manufacturing foils, the SSF surface is rough. We have measured average roughness of 500 nm, respectively. With benzocyclobutene (BCB), we have successfully planarized the surface with average roughness was less than 0.5 nm.
Our TFT's active layer was obtained by laser crystallizing amorphous Si (a-Si) films. To obtain a high quality gate dielectric film, we formed a SiO2 film using an O2 plasma treatment on the surface of the poly-Si film and then deposited Al2O3 film by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. Then gate metal was deposited and patterned. Source and drain regions were p+ doped by ion implantation to form a self-aligned gate structure. We have used SiNx film as interlayer dielectrics.
Briefly we discuss a practical approach for realizing SLS on a SiO2 buffer. The Si-on-SiO2 layer stacking is energetically unstable. Should have not controlled the heat during laser crystallization, liquid Si would recede to expose the SiO2 layer. Dewetting is suppressed by adjusting the buffer density, and densifying the a-Si film. To implement the SLS, we have optimally conjugated the densities of the buffer film and the a-Si film to produce Si grains with sizes of ~6 ¥ìm on a BCB planarized SSF.
Our p-channel TFT transfer performance exhibits a field effect mobility (¥ì) of 95 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage (Vt) of -3 V and a sub-threshold swing(S-S) of 0.5 V/dec.. The off-current level is ~ 10 pA at drain voltage (Vd) of -1V and the Ion/Ioff is 106 . Especially our stable Vt consents to the electrical stability for driving displays. This feature might be attributed to the improved interface between the active layer and the gate dielectrics by plasma oxidation.
Reduced Use of Third-Generation Cephalosporins Decreases the Acquisition of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Sang-Oh Lee, Eun Sun Lee, Shin Young Park, Sue-Yun Kim, Yiel-Hae Seo, Yong Kyun Cho
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 25 / Issue 10 / October 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 832-837
- Print publication:
- October 2004
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Objectives:
To identify risk factors for the respiratory acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among patients admitted to a neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) and to modify them without changing general infection control measures.
Design:Nested case-control and intervention study.
Setting:A 1,200-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital with a 17-bed NSICU.
Methods:Sputa of all patients admitted to the NSICU were cultured weekly during the study. From October 2002 through February 2003, 29 case-patients from whose sputum ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was isolated were detected and 59 controls-patients were randomly selected among patients without any positive isolate of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. After analyzing the risk factors, we intervened to modify them and compared the acquisition rate of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae before (October 2002 to February 2003) and after (April to August 2003) the intervention.
Results:Multivariate analysis showed that prior exposure to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs) (OR, 6.0; CI95, 1.9 to 18.6; P= .002) was an independent risk factor of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae acquisition. The neurosurgical team was notified of the result, and the infectious diseases specialist visited the NSICU three times a week to regulate TGC use during the intervention period. Patients admitted before the intervention were older than patients admitted after. The respiratory acquisition of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae per 1,000 patient-days (13.5 [CI95, 8.9 to 18.1] vs 2.7 [CI95, 0.9 to 4.6]) and the antimicrobial use density of TGCs (38.2 ± 5.0 vs 17.3 ± 2.6; P < .001) decreased significantly after the intervention.
Conclusion:Prior exposure to TGCs was an independent risk factor for the respiratory acquisition of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, and less use of TGCs was associated with a decrease in acquisition.
Optical absorption of Co2+ in MgIn2S4, CdIn2S4, and HgIn2S4 spinel crystals
- Seok-Joo Lee, Jae-Eun Kim, Hae Yong Park
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 18 / Issue 3 / March 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 733-736
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- March 2003
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The optical absorption spectra of cobalt-doped MgIn2S4, CdIn2S4, and HgIn2S4 single crystals grown by a chemical transport reaction were investigated at 7 K. The values of Dq and B calculated from the observed spectra show that the d electrons are more delocalized in the order of MgIn2S4, CdIn2S4, and HgIn2S4. Because this order corresponds to the decreasing order of the electronegativity differences between the metal and sulfur atoms of the host crystals, we conclude that as the metal-sulfur bonds in the host crystals are more covalent, the d electrons of the cobalt impurities are more spread out and the cobalt-sulfur bonds are also more covalent.
Characteristics of Dopant Activation by Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS)
- Yong-Hae Kim, Choong-Yong Sohn, Choong-Heui Chung, Young-Wook Ko, Jin Ho Lee
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 785 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, D10.3
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- 2003
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The characteristics of dopant activation by sequential lateral solidification in poly-Si films is investigated using sheet resistance measurement and Raman measurement. Sheet resistance of n+ and p+ doped poly-Si films decreases exponentially as the laser energy increases. The minimum sheet resistance of n+ doped poly-Si films is 150 Ω/□ which is near to that of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) while the minimum sheet resistance of p+ doped poly-Si films is 180 Ω/□ which is less than a half to that of RTA. The sheet resistance of n+ and p+ doped poly-Si increases as the laser energy increases when the laser energy is above 573 mJ/cm2 at which the nucleation occurs. Raman signal of n+ doped poly-Si films shows single peak at 515 cm-1 with all laser energy and has maximum intensity at 566 mJ/cm2 laser energy. Raman signal of p+ doped poly-Si films shows single peak below 413 mJ/cm2 laser energy and double peak above 444 mJ/cm2 laser energy where the fully melting of p+ doped poly-Si film occurs.
Absorption spectra of Co2+ in AgInS2 orthorhombic single crystals
- Hidong Kim, Seok-Joo Lee, Jae-Eun Kim, Hae Yong Park, Seok-Kyun Oh, Wha-Tek Kim
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / April 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 975-978
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- April 2001
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The optical absorption spectra of AgInS2:Co2+ single crystals grown by chemical transport reaction using iodine as a transporting medium have been studied at 6 K. The peaks can be explained by the transitions of Co2+ in the Td symmetry with the spin-orbit coupling, which means that the deviations of the atomic sites from those of the ideal wurtzite structure can be considered negligibly small. The consideration of both the crystal field parameters and the electronegativity difference between atoms may indicate that Co atoms substitute In atoms.
Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfer in Phosphorescent Dye Doped Polymer Light Emitting Devices
- Yong-Young Noh, Chang-Lyoul Lee, Hae Won Lee, Hyun-Nam Cho, Jang-Joo Kim
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 708 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 March 2011, BB3.40
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- 2001
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Effect of host polymers on energy transfer in phosphorescent dye doped polymer light emitting devices has been investigated. Poly (N-vinylcarbazol) [PVK] and poly (9,9'-di-n-hexyl-2,7-fluorene-alt-1,4(2,5dinhexyloxy) phenylene) [PFHP] were examined as the host materials for the phosphorescent dyes fac tris(2-phenypyridine) irdium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) [PtOEP]. The host and guest materials have the large spectrum overlap between the emission of the hosts and absorption of the guests. When the guests were doped in PVK, the singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfer took place efficiently. On the contrary, the energy transfer did not take place from φ-conjugated polymer PFHP to the guests, even though common requirements for Förster and Dexter energy transfer were fulfilled. Host aggregation in PFHP based phosphorescent dye doped light emitting devices can play an undesired role obstructing efficient energy transfer.
Electrophosphorescent Light Emitting Devices Using Mixed Ligand Ir(III) Complexes
- Hae Won Lee, R. R. Das, Chang-Lyoul Lee, Yong-Young Noh, Jang-Joo Kim
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 708 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 March 2011, BB3.38
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- 2001
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We have fabricated phosphorescent light emitting devices using mixed ligand bisorthometalated Ir(III) complexes, chlorobis-(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')pyridineiridium(III) [Ir(Cl)(ppy)2(py)] and chlorobis-(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')triphenylphosphine iridium(III) [Ir(Cl)(ppy)2P(Ph)3] chlorobis-(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')tri-n-butylphosphine iridium(III) [Ir(Cl)(ppy)2P(n-Bu)3], where ppy is the orthometalating ligand. These complexes vary in their HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and emissive states in accordance with the φ-accepting abilities of the non-orthometalating ligands. The lifetimes and EL spectrum of the devices were studied and compared.
Optical properties of HgS and HgS : Co2+ crystals
- Sung-Hyu Choe, Ki-Su Yu, Jae-Eun Kim, Hae Yong Park, Wha-Tek Kim
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 6 / Issue 12 / December 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 2677-2679
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- December 1991
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Melt-grown crystals of HgS and HgS : Co2+ were used to measure their optical absorption spectra. The optical energy band gaps of these crystals were 2.030 eV and 1.870 eV at room temperature, respectively. The impurity optical absorption peaks of Co2+ were observed at 4030, 5988, 12285, 12672, and 12905 cm−1. These peaks can be attributed to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of Co2+ ion located at the Td symmetry site, where the crystal field, Racah, and spin-orbit coupling parameters were given by Dq = 403, B = 427, and Λ = −155 cm−1, respectively.