Contents Map
Grammar Phonology Functions and Specific Skills Topics and Notions
Students learn or revise these grammar points Students work on these aspects of pronunciation Students learn or revise ways of doing these things Students learn to talk about
A
Non-progressive verbs; reasons for choosing passives; so is ..., so does ..., etc.; emphasis with it and what ('cleft sentences'), -ing forms and past participles; complex sentences with subject and verb separated; linking with coniunctions and adverbs; prepositions and particles. Word stress; rhythm and stress in sentences; hearing and pronouncing unstressed syllables; contrast've stress; // in unstressed syllables; 'dark' /; vowel distinctions. Listening for gist; noting and learning vocabulary; scanning text for specific information; guessing words from context; writing personal letters; writing reports; distinguishing different levels of formality; using dictionaries efficiently; telephoning; giving directions; emphasising and contrasting; asking about English; using the language appropriate to various situations. Relative position; parts of things; time relations in narrative; similarity, differences and common ground; countries and regions; activities and interests; likes and dislikes; travel; cars.

B
Reasons for choosing passives; Present Progressive passive; Present Perfect passive; passive of verbs with two objects; will in offers; if... would have...; past structures with other modal verbs. Rhythm and stress; linking; intonation of questions and statements; spelling and pronunciation (long and short vowels); pronunciation and spellings of //. Dealing with comprehension problems In speech; listening for detail; understanding different accents; evaluating; scanning text for specific information; guessing unknown words; making spoken and written reports; writing economically; connecting sentences into text; summarising and paraphrasing; asking about English; asking for and giving opinions; bargaining; making offers. Quality; degree; proportion; language learning and language use; money; newspapers and the treatment of news; work; wishes; personality and personal characteristics.
C

Differences between Present Pertect and Simple Past; Future Progressive; Future Perfect; need ...ing have something done; make and let + object + infinitive; make + object + adjective; omission of object relative pronouns; reduced relative clauses; common expressions with make, take, do, have and get

 Word stress; rhythm and stress in sentences; hearing unstressed syllables; unstressed suffixes with //; weak forms; pronunciation and spelling: 'silent e', doubling. Listening for specific information; reading for gist; using dictionaries efficiently; writing formal letters; making spoken and written reports; making dates and appointments; making, accepting and refusing invitations; giving contradictory, softened and emphatic answers; distinguishing different levels of formality; interviewing. Time relations; emotions and reactions; charities; Third World problems; job applications and qualifications; news; buildings, repairs and alterations.
D
Simple Past and Present Perfect Progressive; Simple Past and Past Perfect; tenses with I wish and if only had better, ought and modal verbs; identifying uses of prepositional phrases, participle phrases and relative clauses; punctuation in identifying and non-identifying expressions; identifying and non-identifying relative clauses; relative whose; relative that, who(m) and which; omission of object relative pronouns; compound adjectives; prepositions in descriptions. Rhythm and stress; hearing unstressed auxiliaries; polite and rude intonation; intonation in relative clauses; the vowels //, // and //; spellings of //; spellings of //. Talking about things without knowing the exact words; linking ideas in discussion; listening for gist; giving spoken and written physical descriptions; scanning text for specific information; reading for overall meaning; summarising; using dictionaries efficiently; expanding text from notes; defining and identifying; classifying; making suggestions. Time relations; spatial relations and position; shape; types and classification; physicaL appearance of people and places; wishes and regrets; school and education; personal relationships; the animal kingdom.
E
Simple Past and Past Progressive; Simple Past and Past Perfect; shall and will Future Perfect; present tenses referring to the future; tags, short answers and reply questions; relative what and which; everything/all/nothing that; clauses with although, whether, so that, in case and unless; position of adverbs; position of prepositions in questions. Oontrastive stress; bearing unstressed syllables; pronunciation of the letter r; vower distinctions. Sustaining conversational exchanges; listening for gist; listening and note-taking; reading for gist; reading for main ideas; guessing unknown words; reacting to literary texts; summarising; using lexical and syntactic devices to improve a written draft; warning and promising. Past and future time relations; position relative to the speakerlhearer; concession; precautions; purpose; materials; shapes; numbers and units of measurement; degrees of probability; prediction and the future; travel and exploration; old age; coincidences; art and reactions to works of art; prehistory; geography; animals.
Vocabulary
In addition to revising vocabulary taught at earlier levels, students will learn 900 or more new words and expressions during their work on Level 4 of the course.