| List of Figures and Tables |
page x |
| Preface |
xi |
| 1 |
|
Governance by Transparency |
1 |
|
|
The New Power of Information |
1 |
|
|
Transparency Informs Choice |
5 |
|
|
Transparency as Missed Opportunity |
7 |
|
|
A Real-Time Experiment |
10 |
|
|
Transparency Success and Failure |
14 |
|
|
How the Book Is Organized |
15 |
| 2 |
|
An Unlikely Policy Innovation |
19 |
|
|
An Unplanned Invention |
20 |
|
|
The Struggle Toward Openness |
24 |
|
|
Why Disclosure? |
30 |
| 3 |
|
Designing Transparency Policies |
35 |
|
|
Improving On-the-Job Safety: One Goal, Many Methods |
35 |
|
|
Disclosure to Create Incentives for Change |
37 |
|
|
What Targeted Transparency Policies Have in Common |
39 |
|
|
Standards, Market Incentives, or Targeted Transparency? |
46 |
| 4 |
|
What Makes Transparency Work? |
50 |
|
|
A Complex Chain Reaction |
51 |
|
|
New Information Embedded in User Decisions |
54 |
|
|
New Information Embedded in Discloser Decisions |
65 |
|
|
Obstacles: Preferences, Biases, and Games |
71 |
|
|
How Do Transparency Policies Measure Up? |
74 |
|
|
Crafting Effective Transparency Policies |
90 |
| 5 |
|
What Makes Transparency Sustainable? |
106 |
|
|
Crisis Drives Financial Disclosure Improvements |
107 |
|
|
Sustainable Policies |
109 |
|
|
The Politics of Disclosure |
110 |
|
|
Humble Beginnings: Prospects for Sustainable Transparency |
112 |
|
|
Two Illustrations |
115 |
|
|
Shifting Conditions Drive Changes in Sustainability |
118 |
| 6 |
|
International Transparency |
127 |
|
|
How Do International Transparency Policies Work? |
129 |
|
|
Why Now? |
130 |
|
|
From Private Committee to Public Mandate: International Corporate Financial Reporting |
133 |
|
|
Improving a Moribund System: International Disease Reporting |
141 |
|
|
The Limits of International Transparency : Labeling Genetically Modified Foods |
145 |
| 7 |
|
Toward Collaborative Transparency |
151 |
|
|
Innovation at the Edge |
152 |
|
|
Technology Expands Capacities of Users, Disclosers, and Government |
154 |
|
|
Four Emerging Policies |
158 |
|
|
Challenges to Collaborative Transparency |
164 |
|
|
New Roles for Users, Disclosers, and Government |
166 |
|
|
Looking Ahead: Complementary Generations of Transparency |
169 |
| 8 |
|
Targeted Transparency in the Information Age |
170 |
|
|
Two Possible Futures |
171 |
|
|
When Transparency Won’t Work |
173 |
|
|
Crafting Effective Policies |
176 |
|
|
The Road Ahead |
180 |
|
|
Appendix: Eighteen Major Cases |
183 |
|
|
Targeted Transparency in the United States |
183 |
|
|
Targeted Transparency in the International Context |
208 |
| Notes |
217 |
| Bibliography |
257 |
| Index |
275 |