Cultural Models in Language and Thought
£56.99
- Editors:
- Dorothy Holland
- Naomi Quinn
- Date Published: April 1987
- availability: Available
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9780521311687
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The papers in this volume, a multidisciplinary collaboration of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists, explore the ways in which cultural knowledge is organized and used in everyday language and understanding. Employing a variety of methods, which rely heavily on linguistic data, the authors offer analyses of domains of knowledge ranging across the physical, social, and psychological worlds, and reveal the importance of tacit, presupposed knowledge in the conduct of everyday life. The authors argue that cultural knowledge is organized in 'cultural models' - storylike chains of prototypical events that unfold in simplified worlds - and explore the nature and role of these models. They demonstrate that cultural knowledge may take either proposition-schematic or image-schematic form, each enabling the performance of different kinds of cognitive tasks. Metaphor and metonymy are shown to have special roles in the construction of cultural models. The authors also demonstrates that some widely applicable cultural models recur nested within other, more special-purpose models. Finally, it is shown that shared models play a critical role in thinking, allowing humans to master, remember, and use the vast amount of knowledge required in everyday life. This innovative collection will appeal to anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, students of artificial intelligence, and other readers interested in the processes of everyday human understanding.
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×Product details
- Date Published: April 1987
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9780521311687
- length: 416 pages
- dimensions: 228 x 151 x 28 mm
- weight: 0.668kg
- availability: Available
Table of Contents
Introduction
1. Culture and cognition Naomi Quinn, and Dorothy Holland
Part I. Presupposed Worlds, Language, and Discourse:
2. The definiton of lie: an examination of the folk models underlying a semantic prototype Eve E. Sweetser
3. Linguistic competence and folk theories of language: two English hedges Paul Kay
4. Prestige and intimacy: the cultural models behind Americans' talk about gender types Dorothy Holland, and Debra Skinner
5. A folk model of the mind Roy D'Andrade
Part II. Reasoning and Problem Solving from Presupposed Worlds:
6. Proverbs and cultural models: an American psychology of problem solving Geoffrey M. White
7. Convergent evidence for a cultural model of American marriage Naomi Quinn
Part III. The Role of Metaphor and Analogy in Representing Knowledge of Presupposed Worlds:
8. The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English George Lakoff and Zoltán Kövecses
9. Two theories of home heat control Willett Kempton
10. How people construct mental models Allan Collins and Dedre Gentner
Part IV. Negotiating Social and Psychological Realities:
11. Myth and experience in the Trobriand Islands Edwin Hutchins
12. Goals, events, and understanding in Ifaluk emotion theory Catherine Lutz
13. Ecuadorian illness stories: cultural knowledge in natural discourse Laurie Price
14. Explanatory systems in oral life stories Charlotte Linde
Part V. An Appraisal:
15. Models, 'folk' and 'cultural': paradigms regained? Roger M. Keesing.
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