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Jihad in the City

Jihad in the City

Jihad in the City

Militant Islam and Contentious Politics in Tripoli
Raphaël Lefèvre, Aarhus Universitet, Denmark
May 2021
Available
Paperback
9781108444989

    Tawhid was a militant Islamist group which implemented Islamic law at gunpoint in the Lebanese city of Tripoli during the 1980s. In retrospect, some have called it 'the first ISIS-style Emirate'. Drawing on two hundred interviews with Islamist fighters and their mortal enemies, as well as on a trove of new archival material, Raphaël Lefèvre provides a comprehensive account of this Islamist group. He shows how they featured religious ideologues determined to turn Lebanon into an Islamic Republic, yet also included Tripolitan rebels of all stripes, neighbourhood strongmen with scores to settle, local subalterns seeking social revenge as well as profit-driven gangsters, who each tried to steer Tawhid's exercise of violence to their advantage. Providing a detailed understanding of the multi-faceted processes through which Tawhid emerged in 1982, implemented its 'Emirate' and suddenly collapsed in 1985, this is a story that shows how militant Islamist groups are impacted by their grand ideology as much as by local contexts – with crucial lessons for understanding social movements, rebel groups and terrorist organizations elsewhere too.

    • An in-depth account of the rise and fall of Tawhid, a militant Islamist group which implemented Islamic law at gunpoint in the Lebanese city of Tripoli during the 1980s
    • Based on interviews with militants, officers of the Syrian and Lebanese intelligence services, activists as well as newspaper archives and newly declassified Western intelligence files
    • Sheds new light on overlooked aspects of Middle Eastern politics including on the Lebanese civil war, Syrian-Palestinian relations, the struggle for Syria during the 1980s and the regional role of Iran

    Awards

    Co-Winner, 2022 MENA Politics Section Best Book Award (Junior Scholar), American Political Science Association

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    Reviews & endorsements

    'A uniquely rich and original book likely to become a classic in the study of Islamism. Jihad in the City takes the reader deep into the alleyways of Tripoli to show that, sometimes, it's the most fine-grained local analyses that yield the sharpest global insights.' Thomas Hegghammer, University of Oslo

    'As a term, Islamism is simultaneously broad and vague. Raphaël Lefèvre relies on the findings of his fascinating field study in Lebanon to track the evolution of an Islamist movement, highlighting the complex intersection of individual motivations, space, and ideology. A must-read for students of social movements and political Islam.' Stathis N. Kalyvas, University of Oxford

    'A sheer pleasure to read. No one should approach this book as 'just' about a city few outsiders know and that is neglected by its own local elite and central government. Rather, it is bursting with granular insight into the role of 'ideological entrepreneurs' and 'champions of mobilization' that holds true for understanding contentious politics anywhere. The seemingly effortless ease with which Lefèvre moves from the local - indeed, the micro-local - to the wider field of social movement theory both reveals and addresses its gaps and shortcomings. This is fieldwork at its best.' Yezid Sayigh, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center

    'Lefèvre's Jihad in the City is an important and original contribution to a literature that has become saturated with familiar typologies, arguments, and analytical biases. This book compellingly takes us back to something unfamiliar so we can explore with fresh eyes a phenomenon in its formative stages, helping us crystalize the microprocesses of Islamism taking shape in its physical, social, and symbolic space.' Mohammed M. Hafez, Terrorism and Political Violence

    '… a meticulously researched and lyrical account of wartime politics in Lebanon's second city.' Christiana Parreira, Mobilization

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    Product details

    May 2021
    Paperback
    9781108444989
    288 pages
    150 × 230 × 30 mm
    0.73kg
    Available

    Table of Contents

    • Introduction
    • 1. Tales of a rebel city
    • 2. Neighbourhood Islamism
    • 3. The emergence of Tawhid
    • 4. A vernacular Islamist ideology
    • 5. Social jihad
    • 6. The illusion of religious violence
    • 7. The geopolitics of Islamism
    • 8. The downfall of Tawhid
    • Conclusion.
      Author
    • Raphaël Lefèvre , Aarhus Universitet, Denmark

      Raphaël Lefèvre is a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Oxford. He is the author of Ashes of Hama: the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria (2013). His PhD thesis was awarded the Best Dissertation Prize by the Syrian Studies Association as well as the Bill Gates Sr Prize. He was previously a Research Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's office in Beirut, where he published on Middle Eastern politics and Islamist movements.