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Chapter 20 - Susceptibility imaging and stroke

from Section 2 - Cerebrovascular disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Juan E. Small ,
E. Mark Haacke  and
Pamela W. Schaefer
Edited by
Jonathan H. Gillard ,
Adam D. Waldman  and
Peter B. Barker
Jonathan H. Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Adam D. Waldman
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Summary

Basic principles of susceptibility contrast

Magnetic resonance sequences that take advantage of susceptibility effects to demonstrate pathology are powerful and sensitive aids for diagnostic imaging. An important distinction should be highlighted at this point. Although the term susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has been used in the past to refer to T2*-weighted gradient recall echo (GRE) techniques, the more recent convention is to reserve this term for a distinct new sequence utilizing both magnitude and phase information. The bulk of the stroke-related research discussed in this chapter relates to conventional T2*-weighted GRE sequences; susceptibility sequences and SWI are discussed in Ch. 10. In particular, one of the key applications of susceptibility sequences is the identification of hemorrhage and blood products.

The evolution of blood breakdown products undergoes the orderly transition through oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin, extracellular methemoglobin, and ultimately hemosiderin.[1] The MRI appearance of hemorrhage is determined by the magnetic properties and paramagnetic effects of the hemoglobin breakdown products at different stages of iron oxidation. Deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin, and hemosiderin have many unpaired electrons and these are the paramagnetic breakdown products of hemoglobin.[2–4]

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Neuroimaging
Physiological and Functional Techniques
 , pp. 273 - 288
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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