Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- 1 The impact of human–wildlife conflict on natural systems
- 2 The impact of human–wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods
- 3 Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans
- 4 Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation
- 5 Techniques to reduce crop loss: human and technical dimensions in Africa
- 6 Evaluating lethal control in the management of human–wildlife conflict
- 7 Bearing the costs of human–wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes
- 8 Increasing the value of wildlife through non-consumptive use? Deconstructing the myths of ecotourism and community-based tourism in the tropics
- 9 Does extractive use provide opportunities to offset conflicts between people and wildlife?
- 10 Zoning as a means of mitigating conflicts with large carnivores: principles and reality
- 11 From conflict to coexistence: a case study of geese and agriculture in Scotland
- 12 Hen harriers and red grouse: the ecology of a conflict
- 13 Understanding and resolving the black-tailed prairie dog conservation challenge
- 14 People and elephants in the Shimba Hills, Kenya
- 15 Safari hunting and conservation on communal land in southern Africa
- 16 Socio-ecological factors shaping local support for wildlife: crop-raiding by elephants and other wildlife in Africa
- 17 Jaguars and livestock: living with the world's third largest cat
- 18 People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya
- 19 Searching for the coexistence recipe: a case study of conflicts between people and tigers in the Russian Far East
- 20 A tale of two countries: large carnivore depredation and compensation schemes in Sweden and Norway
- 21 Managing wolf–human conflict in the northwestern United States
- 22 Policies for reducing human–wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study
- 23 An ecology-based policy framework for human–tiger coexistence in India
- 24 The future of coexistence: resolving human–wildlife conflicts in a changing world
- References
- Index
4 - Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 November 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- 1 The impact of human–wildlife conflict on natural systems
- 2 The impact of human–wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods
- 3 Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans
- 4 Non-lethal techniques for reducing depredation
- 5 Techniques to reduce crop loss: human and technical dimensions in Africa
- 6 Evaluating lethal control in the management of human–wildlife conflict
- 7 Bearing the costs of human–wildlife conflict: the challenges of compensation schemes
- 8 Increasing the value of wildlife through non-consumptive use? Deconstructing the myths of ecotourism and community-based tourism in the tropics
- 9 Does extractive use provide opportunities to offset conflicts between people and wildlife?
- 10 Zoning as a means of mitigating conflicts with large carnivores: principles and reality
- 11 From conflict to coexistence: a case study of geese and agriculture in Scotland
- 12 Hen harriers and red grouse: the ecology of a conflict
- 13 Understanding and resolving the black-tailed prairie dog conservation challenge
- 14 People and elephants in the Shimba Hills, Kenya
- 15 Safari hunting and conservation on communal land in southern Africa
- 16 Socio-ecological factors shaping local support for wildlife: crop-raiding by elephants and other wildlife in Africa
- 17 Jaguars and livestock: living with the world's third largest cat
- 18 People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya
- 19 Searching for the coexistence recipe: a case study of conflicts between people and tigers in the Russian Far East
- 20 A tale of two countries: large carnivore depredation and compensation schemes in Sweden and Norway
- 21 Managing wolf–human conflict in the northwestern United States
- 22 Policies for reducing human–wildlife conflict: a Kenya case study
- 23 An ecology-based policy framework for human–tiger coexistence in India
- 24 The future of coexistence: resolving human–wildlife conflicts in a changing world
- References
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Ever since humans domesticated the first animals several thousand years ago, there have been conflicts with large carnivores attacking livestock (Kruuk 2002). Every year, thousands of cattle, sheep, goats, poultry or farmed fish are killed by wild carnivores worldwide (Thirgood et al., Chapter 2) (Table 4.1). The farmers, in turn, kill the predators. Lethal control of stock-raiders is common in all cultures and has a devastating impact on many populations of large carnivores (Woodroffe et al., Chapter 1). Retaliatory killing was the most important reason for the historic eradication of large carnivores in large areas (Breitenmoser 1998). In addition to killing the predators, herdsmen have tried to protect their livestock, mainly because lethal control alone rarely reduced depredation to an acceptable level. For a traditional society, the investment in terms of labour and resources for the protection of livestock was high (Kruuk 2002). Rural cultures have consequently adopted a combination of non-lethal measures, lethal control and – strongly varying between cultures – an acceptance of losses. The application of non-lethal techniques was mainly a matter of technology and of cost–benefit considerations. From the perspective of modern society, there are two more reasons to propagate preventive measures: conservation (lethal control threatens many carnivore populations), and ethical arguments (moral reservation against the killing of predators and against livestock being exposed to pain and suffering).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence? , pp. 49 - 71Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005
- 55
- Cited by