Section 3 - Contemporary Applications
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 October 2025
Information
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Research Methods in Mental HealthA Comprehensive Guide, pp. 201 - 312Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
References
References
Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., et al. (2021). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arango, C., Dragioti, E., Solmi, M., et al. (2021). Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence-based atlas. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 417–36. doi:10.1002/wps.20894CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uher, R., & Zwicker, A. (2017). Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly-gene-environmental causation of mental illness. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 121–9. doi:10.1002/wps.20436CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., et al. (2011). Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet, 378(9801), 1515–25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gore, F. M., Bloem, P. J., Patton, G. C., et al. (2011). Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis. Lancet, 377(9783), 2093–102. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60512-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO. (2021). Adolescent mental health, fact sheets. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-healthGoogle Scholar
Gosney, L., & Hawton, K. (2007). Inquest verdicts: youth suicides lost. Psychiatric Bull, 31, 203–5. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.105.007773CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patton, G. C., Coffey, C., Sawyer, S. M., et al. (2009). Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 374(9693), 881–92. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60741-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arango, C., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., McGorry, P. D., et al. (2018). Preventive strategies for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(7), 591–604. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30057-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 169(2), 141–51. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020335CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A., & Baldwin, J. R. (2017). Hidden wounds? Inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology. Annu Rev Psychol, 68, 517–44. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044208CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffee, S. R. (2017). Child maltreatment and risk for psychopathology in childhood and adulthood. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 13, 525–51. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shonkoff, J. P., Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R. (2021). Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the impacts of racism on the foundations of health. Annu Rev Public Health, 42, 115–34. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-101940CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heckman, J. J. (2006). Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children. Science, 312(5782), 1900–2. doi:10.1126/science.1128898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engle, P. L., Fernald, L. C., Alderman, H., et al. (2011). Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet, 378(9799), 1339–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60889-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A. (2020). Annual research review: rethinking childhood trauma – new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 61(3), 236–50. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13160CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Ambler, A., et al. (2020). Longitudinal assessment of mental health disorders and comorbidities across 4 decades among participants in the Dunedin Birth Cohort Study. JAMA Netw Open, 3(4), e203221. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical of mental disorders: DSM–III–R (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM–5 (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., et al. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356–66. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, J., Klumparendt, A., Doebler, P., & Ehring, T. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry, 210(2), 96–104. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180752CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2007). Long-term physical and mental health consequences of childhood physical abuse: results from a large population-based sample of men and women. Child Abuse Negl, 31(5), 517–30. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.01.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., et al. (2012). Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull, 38(4), 661–71. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, J. R., Reuben, A., Newbury, J. B., & Danese, A. (2019). Agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(6), 584–93. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0097CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A., & Widom, C. S. (2020). Objective and subjective experiences of child maltreatment and their relationships with psychopathology. Nat Hum Behav, 4(8), 811–18. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0880-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012). Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiol Behav, 106(1), 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009). Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA, 301(21), 2252–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.754CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Bellis, D. E., Hooper, S. R., Spratt, E. G., & Woolley, D. P. (2009). Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 15(6), 868–78. doi:10.1017/S1355617709990464CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enlow, M. B., Egeland, B., Blood, E. A., Wright, R. O., & Wright, R. J. (2012). Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: a longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 66(11), 1005–10. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200727Google ScholarPubMed
Fishbein, D., Warner, T., Krebs, C., Trevarthen, N., Flannery, B., & Hammond, J. (2009). Differential relationships between personal and community stressors and children’s neurocognitive functioning. Child Maltreat, 14(4), 299–315. doi:10.1177/1077559508326355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pechtel, P., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2011). Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 214(1), 55–70. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2009-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., et al. (2017). The origins of cognitive deficits in victimized children: implications for neuroscientists and clinicians. Am J Psychiatry, 174(4), 349–61. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.1603033310.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwok, K. H. R., Yuan, S. N. V., & Ougrin, D. (2016). Review: alternatives to inpatient care for children and adolescents with mental health disorders. Child Adolesc Ment Health, 21(1), 3–10. doi:10.1111/camh.12123CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ougrin, D., Corrigall, R., Poole, J., et al. (2018). Comparison of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive community supported discharge service versus treatment as usual for adolescents with psychiatric emergencies: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(6), 477–85. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30129-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffee, S. R. (2019). Editorial: The rise and rise of developmental perspectives in child psychology and psychiatry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 60(4), 329–32. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (1988). Epidemiological approaches to developmental psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45(5), 486–95. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800290106013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: concepts and challenges. Dev Psychopathol, 12(3), 265–96. doi:10.1017/s0954579400003023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thapar, A., & Riglin, L. (2020). The importance of a developmental perspective in psychiatry: what do recent genetic-epidemiological findings show? Mol Psychiatry, 25(8), 1631–9. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0648-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnan, M. L., Berry-Kravis, E., Capal, J. K., et al. (2021). Clinical trial strategies for rare neurodevelopmental disorders: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 20(9), 653–4. doi:10.1038/d41573-021-00085-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khandaker, G. M., Stochl, J., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014). A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence. Psychol Med, 44(15), 3229–38. doi:10.1017/S0033291714000750CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, S., Rai, D., Golding, J., Zammit, S., & Steer, C. (2013). The association between autism spectrum disorder and psychotic experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 52(8), 806–14. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, D., Ronald, A., Ambler, A., et al. (2021). Autistic traits are associated with faster pace of aging: evidence from the Dunedin study at age 45. Autism Res, 14(8), 168–94. doi:10.1002/aur.2534CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R., Asherson, P., et al. (2015). Is adult ADHD a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder? Evidence from a four-decade longitudinal cohort study. Am J Psychiatry, 172(10), 967–77. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mors, O., Perto, G. P., & Mortensen, P. B. (2011). The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. Scand J Public Health, 39(7 Suppl), 54–7. doi:10.1177/1403494810395825CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H., Laszlo, K. D., Gissler, M., et al. (2021). Maternal hypertensive disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort in two Nordic countries. Eur J Epidemiol, 36(5), 519–30. doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00756-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ludvigsson, J. F., Almqvist, C., Bonamy, A. K. E., et al. (2016). Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol, 31(2), 125–36. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0117-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Towle, P. O., Vacanti-Shova, K., Higgins-D’Alessandro, A., Ausikaitis, A., & Reynolds, C. (2018). A longitudinal study of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder before age three: school services at three points time for three levels of outcome disability. J Autism Develop Disord, 48(11), 3747–60. doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3606-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coste, J., Blotiere, P. O., Miranda, S., et al. (2020). Risk of early neurodevelopmental disorders associated with in utero exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs: a nationwide cohort study in France. Sci Rep, 10(1). doi:ARTN 17362 10.1038/s41598-020-74409-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cawthorpe, D. (2018). A 16-year cohort analysis of autism spectrum disorder-associated morbidity in a pediatric population. Front Psychiatry, 9, 635. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00635CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loth, E., Charman, T., Mason, L., et al. (2017). The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): design and methodologies to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders. Mol Autism, 8, 24. doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0146-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gur, R. E., Bassett, A. S., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., et al. (2017). A neurogenetic model for the study of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the International 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Brain Behavior Consortium. Mol Psychiatry, 22(12), 1664–72. doi:10.1038/mp.2017.161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koop, F., Langemeijer, M., & Hijmans, C. (2007). Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements. Nat Genet, 39(10), 1285.Google Scholar
Schneider, M., Debbane, M., Bassett, A. S., et al. (2014). Psychiatric disorders from childhood to adulthood in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: results from the International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Am J Psychiatry, 171(6), 627–39. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070864CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franchini, M., Zoller, D., Gentaz, E., et al. (2018). Early adaptive functioning trajectories in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. J Pediatr Psychol, 43(7), 800–13. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsy024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodruff-Borden, J., Kistler, D. J., Henderson, D. R., Crawford, N. A., & Mervis, C. B. (2010). Longitudinal course of anxiety in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, 154C(2), 277–90. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Lee, S. H., Ripke, S., et al. (2013). Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. Nat Genet, 45(9), 984–94. doi:10.1038/ng.2711Google ScholarPubMed
Gandal, M. J., Haney, J. R., Parikshak, N. N., et al. (2018). Shared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels polygenic overlap. Science, 359(6376), 693–7. doi:10.1126/science.aad6469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hailes, H. P., Yu, R., Danese, A., & Fazel, S. (2019). Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 830–9. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30286-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, S. J., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., et al. (2019). The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales. Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 247–56. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30031-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peen, J., Schoevers, R. A., Beekman, A. T., & Dekker, J. (2010). The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 121(2), 84–93. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01438.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhugra, D., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Torales, J., & Ventriglio, A. (2019). Megacities, migration, and mental health. Lancet Psychiatry, 6(11), 884–5. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30294-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henssler, J., Brandt, L., Muller, M., et al. (2020). Migration and schizophrenia: meta-analysis and explanatory framework. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 270(3), 325–35. doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01028-7Google ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., et al. (2014). The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clin Psychol Sci, 2(2), 119–37. doi:10.1177/2167702613497473CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: mental disorders in one dimension. Am J Psychiatry, 175(9), 831–44. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121383CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Kannabiran, M, Pearson, R, Narayan, G. Perinatal psychiatry. BMJ. 2007;334:s75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, SW, Kinser, PA. A comprehensive conceptual framework to guide clinical practice and research about mental health during the perinatal period. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2021;35(1):46–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphreys, J, Obeney-Williams, J, Cheung, RW, Shah, N. Perinatal psychiatry: a new specialty or everyone’s business? BJPsych Adv. 2016;22(6):363–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The International Marcé Society for Perinatal Mental Health. The International Marcé Society for Perinatal Mental Health [Internet]. 2022. https://marcesociety.com/Google Scholar
Biaggi, A, Conroy, S, Pawlby, S, Pariante, CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;191:62–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howard, LM, Khalifeh, H. Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2020;19(3):313–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayers, S, Shakespeare, J. Should perinatal mental health be everyone’s business? Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2015;16(4):323–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paschetta, E, Berrisford, G, Coccia, F, et al. Perinatal psychiatric disorders: an overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(6):501–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, A, Parsonage, M, Knapp, M, Lemmi, V, Adelaja, B. The costs of perinatal mental health problems. Centre for Mental Health – London School of Economics. London; 2014.Google Scholar
Wickberg, B, Bendix, M, Wetterholm, MB, Skalkidou, A. Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Sweden. BJPsych Int. 2020;17(1):6–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantwell, R, Caims, A, Bunch, K, Knight, M, on behalf of the MBRRACE-UK mental health chapter-writing Group. Improving mental health care and care for women with multiple adversity. In: Knight, M, Bunch, K, Tuffnell, D, et al., editors, on behalf of MBRRACE-UK: Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care Lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2017–19. Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford; 2021. pp. 34–51.Google Scholar
Stein, A, Pearson, RM, Goodman, SH, et al. Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1800–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, I, Cantwell, R. The classification of perinatal mood disorders – suggestions for DSM–V and ICD–11. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(1):33–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisner, KL, Moses-Kolko, EL, Sit, DKY. Postpartum depression: a disorder in search of a definition. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(1):37–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munk-Olsen, T, Laursen, TM, Pedersen, CB, Mors, O, Mortensen, PB. New parents and mental disorders: a population-based register study. J Am Med Assoc. 2006;296(21):2582–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendell, RE, Chalmers, JC, Platz, C. Epidemiology of puerperal psychoses. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:662–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyce, P, Barriball, E. Puerperal psychosis. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010;13(1):45–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergink, V, Boyce, P, Munk-Olsen, T. Postpartum psychosis: a valuable misnomer. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(2):102–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloch, M, Rubinow, DR, Schmidt, PJ, et al. Cortisol response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in a model of pregnancy and parturition in euthymic women with and without a history of postpartum depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):695–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth ed. (DSM–5). Washington, DC; 2013.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. International classification of diseases and related health problems, Eleventh revision (ICD-11). 2019.Google Scholar
Kimmel, MC, Bauer, A, Meltzer-Brody, S. Toward a framework for best practices and research guidelines for perinatal depression research. J Neurosci Res. 2020;98(7):1255–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, J, Robertson Blackmore, E, McGuinness, M, Craddock, N, Jones, I. No “latent period” in the onset of bipolar affective puerperal psychosis. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:79–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heron, J, McGuinness, M, Blackmore, ER, Craddock, N, Jones, I. Early postpartum symptoms in puerperal psychosis. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;115(3):348–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forty, L, Jones, L, Macgregor, S, et al. Familiality of postpartum depression in unipolar disorder: results of a family study. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(9):1549–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Florio, A, Meltzer-Brody, S. Is postpartum depression a distinct disorder? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(10):1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Hara, MW, McCabe, JE. Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:379–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, S, Alderdice, F. Challenges of defining and measuring perinatal anxiety. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2020;38(1):1–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woody, CA, Ferrari, AJ, Siskind, DJ, Whiteford, HA, Harris, MG. A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression. J Affect Disord. 2017;219:86–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmed, I, Ishtiaq, S. Reliability and validity: importance in medical research. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(10):2401–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Jhangiani, RS, Chiang, I-CA, Cuttler, C, Leighton, DC. Research methods in psychology. 4th ed. Independently published; 2019.Google Scholar
Alderdice, F. What’s so special about perinatal mental health? J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2020;38(2):111–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayers, S, Coates, R, Matthey, S. Identifying perinatal anxiety. In: Milgrom, J, Gemmill, AW, editors. Identifying perinatal depression and anxiety: evidence-based practice in screening, psychosocial assessment and management. Wiley; 2015. pp. 138–56.Google Scholar
Mann, R, Evans, J. Screening tools and methods of identifying perinatal depression. In: Milgrom, J, Gemmill, AW, editors. Identifying perinatal depression and anxiety: evidence-based practice in screening, psychosocial assessment, and management. Wiley; 2015. pp. 76–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunton, RJ, Dryer, R, Saliba, A, Kohlhoff, J. Pregnancy anxiety: a systematic review of current scales. J Affect Disord. 2015;176:24–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alderdice, F, Lynn, F, Lobel, M. A review and psychometric evaluation of pregnancy-specific stress measures. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2012;33(2):62–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huizink, AC, Mulder, EJH, De Medina PG, Robles, Visser, GHA, Buitelaar, JK. Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome? Early Hum Dev. 2004;79(2):81–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackmore, ER, Gustafsson, H, Gilchrist, M, Wyman, C, O’Connor, TG. Pregnancy-related anxiety: evidence of distinct clinical significance from a prospective longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2017;197:251–8.Google Scholar
Cox, JL, Holden, JM, Sagovsky, R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. Thirty years with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: voices from the past and recommendations for the future. Br J Psychiatry. 2019;214(3):127–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glover, V, Liddle, P, Taylor, A, Adams, D, Sandler, M. Mild hypomania (the highs) can be a feature of the first postpartum week. Association with later depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;164:517–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinesi, A, Maxwell, M, O’Carroll, R, Cheyne, H. Anxiety scales used in pregnancy: systematic review. BJPsych Open. 2019;5(1):1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meades, R, Ayers, S. Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2011;133(1–2):1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giakoumaki, O, Vasilaki, K, Lili, L, Skouroliakou, M, Liosis, G. The role of maternal anxiety in the early postpartum period: screening for anxiety and depressive symptomatology in Greece. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2009;30(1):21–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hundley, V, Gurney, E, Graham, W, Rennie, AM. Can anxiety in pregnant women be measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Midwifery. 1998;14(2):118–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyd, RC, Le, HN, Somberg, R. Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8(3):141–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akobeng, AK. Understanding type I and type II errors, statistical power and sample size. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2016;105(6):605–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Delft, K, Schwertner-Tiepelmann, N, Thakar, R, Sultan, AH. Recruitment of pregnant women in research. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2013;33(5):442–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Young, AF, Powers, JR, Bell, SL. Attrition in longitudinal studies: who do you lose? Aust N Z J Public Health. 2006;30(4):353–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustavson, K, Von Soest, T, Karevold, E, Roysamb, E. Attrition and generalizability in longitudinal studies: findings from a 15-year population-based study and a Monte Carlo simulation study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, S, Asmundson, GJG. Internal and external validity in clinical research. In: McKay, D, editor. Handbook of research methods in abnormal and clinical psychology. Sage; 2008. pp. 23–34.Google Scholar
Barry, AE. How attrition impacts the internal and external validity of longitudinal research. J Sch Health. 2005;75(7):267–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blount, AJ, Adams, CR, Anderson-Berry, AL, et al. Biopsychosocial factors during the perinatal period: risks, preventative factors, and implications for healthcare professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(15):8206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cárdenas, EF, Kujawa, A, Humphreys, KL. Neurobiological changes during the peripartum period: implications for health and behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2020;15(10):1097–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saxbe, D, Rossin-Slater, M, Goldenberg, D. The transition to parenthood as a critical window for adult health. Am Psychol. 2018;73(9):1190–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thygesen, LC, Ersbøll, AK. When the entire population is the sample: strengths and limitations in register-based epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(8):551–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szucs, D. A tutorial on hunting statistical significance by chasing N. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salkind, NJ. Data snooping. In: Encyclopedia of research design. Sage; 2010. p. 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, S, Biaggi, A, Chua, TE, et al. Antenatal depression programs cortisol stress reactivity in offspring through increased maternal inflammation and cortisol in pregnancy: the Psychiatry Research and Motherhood – Depression (PRAM-D) Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;98:211–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Florio, A, Kay Yang J, Mei, Crawford, K, et al. Post-partum psychosis and its association with bipolar disorder in the UK: a case-control study using polygenic risk scores. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(12):1045–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sambataro, F, Cattarinussi, G, Lawrence, A, et al. Altered dynamics of the prefrontal networks are associated with the risk for postpartum psychosis: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, LE, Grigoriadis, S, Mamisashvili, L, et al. Quality assessment of observational studies in psychiatry: an example from perinatal psychiatric research. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2011;20(4):224–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandon, AR, Shivakumar, G, Inrig, SJ, Sadler, JZ, Lee, SJC. Ethical challenges in designing, conducting, and reporting research to improve the mental health of pregnant women: the voices of investigators and IRB members. AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2014;5(2):25–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandon, AR, Shivakumar, G, Craddock Lee, S, Inrig, SJ, Sadler, JZ. Ethical issues in perinatal mental health research. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2009;22(6):601–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, EP, Narayan, AJ. Pregnancy as a period of risk, adaptation, and resilience for mothers and infants. Dev Psychopathol. 2020;32(5):1625–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyce, P. 50 years of perinatal psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017;51(9):860–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer-Brody, S, Colquhoun, H, Riesenberg, R, et al. Brexanolone injection in post-partum depression: two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2018;392(10152):1058–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression [Internet]. 2019. www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-post-partum-depressionGoogle Scholar
Dacarett-Galeano, DJ, Diao, XY. Brexanolone: a novel therapeutic in the treatment of postpartum depression. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2019;15(2):2–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faden, J, Citrome, L. Intravenous brexanolone for postpartum depression: what it is, how well does it work, and will it be used? Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020;10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, N, Maguire, J. Allopregnanolone-based treatments for postpartum depression: why/how do they work? Neurobiol Stress. 2019;11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, E, Nomikos, GG, Kaul, I, et al. SAGE-217, A novel GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator: clinical pharmacology and tolerability in randomized phase i dose-finding studies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020;59(1):111–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deligiannidis, KM, Meltzer-Brody, S, Gunduz-Bruce, H, et al. Effect of zuranolone vs placebo in postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(9):951–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Maximos B, et al. Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2023, 180: 668–675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estevao, C, Fancourt, D, Dazzan, P, et al. Scaling-up health-arts programmes: the largest study in the world bringing arts-based mental health interventions into a national health service. BJPsych Bull. 2021;45(1):32–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanfilippo, KRM, Stewart, L, Glover, V. How music may support perinatal mental health: an overview. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2021;24(5):831–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vlismas, W, Malloch, S, Burnham, D. The effects of music and movement on mother-infant interactions. Early Child Dev Care. 2013;183(11):1669–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fancourt, D, Perkins, R. Associations between singing to babies and symptoms of postnatal depression, wellbeing, self-esteem and mother-infant bond. Public Health. 2017;145:149–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Estevao, C, Bind, R, Fancourt, D, et al. SHAPER-PND trial: Clinical effectiveness protocol of a community singing intervention for postnatal depression. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soukup, T, Davis, RE, Baldellou Lopez, M, et al. Study protocol: randomised controlled hybrid type 2 trial evaluating the scale-up of two arts interventions for postnatal depression and Parkinson’s disease. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Rathod, S, Pinninti, N, Irfan, M, et al. Mental health service provision in low- and middle-income countries. Health Serv Insights 2017; 10: 1178632917694350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacob, KS, Sharan, P, Mirza, I, et al. Mental health systems in countries: where are we now? Lancet 2007; 370: 1061–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WHO. Update of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guidelines for mental, neurological and substance use disorders, 2015. World Health Organization, 2015 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK344372/).Google Scholar
Patel, V, Kleinman, A. Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 609–15.Google ScholarPubMed
Allen, J, Balfour, R, Bell, R, Marmot, M. Social determinants of mental health. Int Rev Psychiatry 2014; 26: 392–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atwoli, L, Stein, DJ, Koenen, KC, McLaughlin, KA. Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence, correlates and consequences. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2015; 28: 307–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaminer, D, Grimsrud, A, Myer, L, Stein, DJ, Williams, DR. Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with different forms of interpersonal violence in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2008; 67: 1589–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kopinak, JK. Mental health in developing countries: challenges and opportunities in introducing western mental health system in Uganda. Int J MCH AIDS 2015; 3: 22–30.Google ScholarPubMed
Hanlon, C, Wondimagegn, D, Alem, A. Lessons learned in developing community mental health care in Africa. World Psychiatry 2010; 9: 185–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semrau, M, Alem, A, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, et al. Strengthening mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries: recommendations from the Emerald programme. BJPsych Open 2019; 5: e73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krendl, AC, Pescosolido, BA. Countries and cultural differences in the stigma of mental illness: the east–west divide. J Cross-Cultural Psychol 2020; 51: 149–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischbach, RL, Herbert, B. Domestic violence and mental health: correlates and conundrums within and across cultures. Social Sci Med 1997; 45: 1161–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Razzouk, D, Sharan, P, Gallo, C, et al. Scarcity and inequity of mental health research resources in low-and-middle income countries: a global survey. Health Policy 2010; 94: 211–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopez, AD, Mathers, CD, Ezzati, M, Jamison, DT, Murray, CJ, editors. Global burden of disease and risk factors. World Bank, 2006 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11812/).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Susser, E, Wanderling, J. Epidemiology of nonaffective acute remitting psychosis vs schizophrenia: sex and sociocultural setting. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 294–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kulhara, P, Shah, R, Grover, S. Is the course and outcome of schizophrenia better in the ‘developing’ world? Asian J Psychiatr 2009; 2: 55–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, V, Boyce, N, Collins, PY, Saxena, S, Horton, R. A renewed agenda for global mental health. Lancet 2011; 378: 1441–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V. Mental health in low- and middle-income countries. Br Med Bull 2007; 81–82: 81–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saxena, S, Paraje, G, Sharan, P, Karam, G, Sadana, R. The 10/90 divide in mental health research: trends over a 10-year period. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188: 81–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrman, H, Kieling, C, de J, Mari J. Working with the World Psychiatric Association to promote dissemination of mental health research worldwide. Braz J Psychiatry 2010; 32: 4–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mari, JJ, Patel, V, Kieling, C, et al. The 5/95 gap in the indexation of psychiatric journals of low- and middle-income countries. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121: 152–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kieling, C, Herrman, H, Patel, V, de J, Mari J. Indexation of psychiatric journals from low- and middle-income countries: a survey and a case study. World Psychiatry 2009; 8: 40–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrman, H. Partnerships for promoting dissemination of mental health research globally. Indian J Psychiatry 2010; 52: S43–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Razzouk, D, Zorzetto, R, Dubugras, MT, Gerolin, J, de J, Mari J. Leading countries in mental health research in Latin America and the Caribbean. Braz J Psychiatry 2007; 29: 118–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheriff, RJS, Adams, CE, Tharyan, P, Jayaram, M, Duley, L, PRACTIHC Mental Health Group. Randomised trials relevant to mental health conducted in low and middle-income countries: a survey. BMC Psychiatry 2008; 8: 69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pathare, S, Burgess, RA, Collins, PY. World mental health day: prioritise social justice, not only access to care. Lancet 2021; 398: 1859–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudhinaraset, M, Ingram, M, Lofthouse, HK, Montagu, D. What is the role of informal healthcare providers in developing countries? A systematic review. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e54978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nortje, G, Oladeji, B, Gureje, O, Seedat, S. Effectiveness of traditional healers in treating mental disorders: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3: 154–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pham, TV, Kaiser, BN, Koirala, R, et al. Traditional healers and mental health in Nepal: a scoping review. Cult Med Psychiatry 2021; 45: 97–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravishankar, B, Shukla, V. Indian systems of medicine: a brief profile. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2007; 4: 319–37.Google ScholarPubMed
Thirthalli, J, Zhou, L, Kumar, K, et al. Traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine approaches to mental health care and psychological wellbeing in India and China. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3: 660–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nichter, M. Negotiation of the illness experience: Ayurvedic therapy and the psychosocial dimension of illness. Cult Med Psychiatry 1981; 5: 5–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bada Math, S, Moirangthem, S, Kumar, CN. Public health perspectives in cross-system practice: past, present and future. Indian J Med Ethics 2015; 12: 131–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Varambally, S, Gangadhar, BN. Current status of yoga in mental health services. Int Rev Psychiatry 2016; 28: 233–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varambally, S, George, S, Gangadhar, BN. Yoga for psychiatric disorders: from fad to evidence-based intervention? Br J Psychiatry 2020; 216: 291–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Incayawar, M, Wintrob, R, Bouchard, L, Bartocci, G. Psychiatrists and traditional healers: unwitting partners in global mental health. Wiley, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Government of India. Ayush system of medicine becomes popular in many countries| Ayush Next. (https://ayushnext.ayush.gov.in/detail/current/ayush-system-of-medicine-become-popular-in-many-countries).Google Scholar
WHO. Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020–2030. (www.who.int/initiatives/mental-health-action-plan-2013-2030).Google Scholar
Green, B, Colucci, E. Traditional healers’ and biomedical practitioners’ perceptions of collaborative mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Transcult Psychiatry 2020; 57: 94–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapur, RL. The role of traditional healers in mental health care in rural India. Social Science Med Part B: Medical Anthropol 1979; 13: 27–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Halliburton, M. Finding a fit: psychiatric pluralism in South India and its implications for WHO studies of mental disorder. Transcult Psychiatry 2004; 41: 80–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aidoo, M, Harpham, T. The explanatory models of mental health amongst low-income women and health care practitioners in Lusaka, Zambia. Health Policy Plan 2001; 16: 206–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V. The need for treatment evidence for common mental disorders in developing countries. Psychol Med 2000; 30: 743–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V. Health systems research: a pragmatic model for meeting mental health needs in low-income countries. In Unmet need in psychiatry: problems, resources, responses: 363–77. Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Patel, V, Simon, G, Chowdhary, N, Kaaya, S, Araya, R. Packages of care for depression in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pi, EH, Simpson, GM. Cross-cultural psychopharmacology: a current clinical perspective. Psychiatr Serv 2005; 56: 31–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suhas, S, Kumar, V, Damodharan, D, et al. Do Indian patients with schizophrenia need half the recommended clozapine dose to achieve therapeutic serum level? An exploratory study. Schizophr Res 2020. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J de, Rajkumar, AP, Kaithi, AR, et al. Do asian patients require only half of the clozapine dose prescribed for caucasians? A critical overview. Indian J Psycholog Med 2020; 42: 4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V, Xiao, S, Chen, H, et al. The magnitude of and health system responses to the mental health treatment gap in adults in India and China. Lancet 2016; 388: 3074–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, AC, Barry, MA, Agrawal, P, et al. Global health and emergency care: overcoming clinical research barriers. Acad Emerg Med 2017; 24: 484–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horton, R. North and south: bridging the information gap. Lancet 2000; 355: 2231–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramsay, S. No closure in sight for the 10/90 health-research gap. Lancet 2001; 358: 1348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vidyasagar, D. Global notes: the 10/90 gap disparities in global health research. J Perinatol 2006; 26: 55–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, V. Mental health research funding: too little, too inequitable, too skewed. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8: 171–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woelbert, E, Lundell-Smith, K, White, R, Kemmer, D. Accounting for mental health research funding: developing a quantitative baseline of global investments. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8: 250–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Commission on Health Research for Development. Health research: essential link to equity in development. Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Osborn, TL, Wasil, AR, Weisz, JR, Kleinman, A, Ndetei, DM. Where is the global in global mental health? A call for inclusive multicultural collaboration. Gen Psychiatr 2020; 33: e100351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartz, TH, Palermo, A-GS, Masur, SK, Aberg, JA. The science and value of diversity: closing the gaps in our understanding of inclusion and diversity. J Infect Dis 2019; 220: S33–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albanna, B, Handl, J, Heeks, R. Publication outperformance among global South researchers: an analysis of individual-level and publication-level predictors of positive deviance. Scientometrics 2021; 126: 8375–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health, TLG. Closing the door on parachutes and parasites. Lancet Global Health 2018; 6: e593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stefanoudis, PV, Licuanan, WY, Morrison, TH, et al. Turning the tide of parachute science. Curr Biol 2021; 31: R184–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagla, P. Indian Parliament comes down hard on cervical cancer trial. (www.science.org/content/article/indian-parliament-comes-down-hard-cervical-cancer-trial).Google Scholar
Nordling, L. African scientists call for more control of their continent’s genomic data. Nature 2018. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-04685-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
da Silva, ATC, Hanlon, C, Susser, E, et al. Enhancing mental health research capacity: emerging voices from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) global hubs. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13: 21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maassen, P. Universities and the effects of external funding: sub-Saharan Africa and the Nordic countries. In The global university: past, present, and future perspectives (eds Nelson, AR, Wei, IP ): 231–54. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012.Google Scholar
Department for International Development, UK. (www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-international-development).Google Scholar
Suhas, S, Vandita, S, Vijaya, R. A roadmap to leadership during the postgraduate residency in India. Indian J Psycholog Med 2021; 43: 168–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, TE, Rankin, N, Janssen, A, et al. Collaborative research networks in health: a pragmatic scoping study for the development of an imaging network. Health Res Policy Syst 2015; 13: 76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez, L, Jaramillo, A, Halpaap, B, et al. Building research capacity through “Planning for Success”. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2019; 13: e0007426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hennink, M, Stephenson, R. Using research to inform health policy: barriers and strategies in developing countries. J Health Commun 2005; 10: 163–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ali, R, Finlayson, A, Indox Cancer Research Network null. Building capacity for clinical research in developing countries: the INDOX Cancer Research Network experience. Glob Health Action 2012; 5. doi:10.3402/gha.v5i0.17288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzen, SRP, Chandler, C, Lang, T. Health research capacity development in low and middle income countries: reality or rhetoric? A systematic meta-narrative review of the qualitative literature. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e012332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vellakkal, S, Patel, V. Designing psychological treatments for scalability: the PREMIUM approach. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0134189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadkarni, A, Weobong, B, Weiss, HA, et al. Counselling for Alcohol Problems (CAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for harmful drinking in men, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 389: 186–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, V, Weobong, B, Weiss, HA, et al. The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 389: 176–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterjee, S, Naik, S, John, S, et al. Effectiveness of a community-based intervention for people with schizophrenia and their caregivers in India (COPSI): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 1385–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chibanda, D, Weiss, HA, Verhey, R, et al. Effect of a primary care-based psychological intervention on symptoms of common mental disorders in Zimbabwe: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 316: 2618–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernando, S, Brown, T, Datta, K, et al. The Friendship Bench as a brief psychological intervention with peer support in rural Zimbabwean women: a mixed methods pilot evaluation. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2021; 8: e31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verhey, R, Chitiyo, C, Mboweni, SN, et al. Optimising implementation strategies of the first scaleup of a primary care psychological intervention for common mental disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods study protocol for the optimised Friendship Bench (OptFB). BMJ Open 2021; 11: e045481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, JK, Xie, H, Nguyen, VC, et al. Is supported self-management for depression effective for adults in community-based settings in Vietnam? A modified stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14: 8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucock, M, Gillard, S, Adams, K, et al. Self-care in mental health services: a narrative review. Health Soc Care Community 2011; 19: 602–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rahman, A, Hamdani, SU, Awan, NR, et al. Effect of a multicomponent behavioral intervention in adults impaired by psychological distress in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 316: 2609–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
References
Wilkinson, R, Pickett, K. The spirit level: why more equal societies almost always do better. Penguin Books, 2009.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. Fair Society Healthy Lives (The Marmot Review). Institute of Health Equity. 2010. (www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review).Google Scholar
Adler, NE, Boyce, WT, Chesney, MA, Folkman, S, Syme, SL. Socioeconomic inequalities in health: no easy solution. JAMA 1993; 269: 3140–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartley, M. Health inequality: an introduction to concepts, theories and methods. Polity Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Bhugra, D. Severe mental illness across cultures. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2006; 113: 17–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute of Mental Health. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). (www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-funded-by-nimh/rdoc).Google Scholar
Wang, J, Lloyd-Evans, B, Giacco, D, et al. Social isolation in mental health: a conceptual and methodological review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2017; 52: 1451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Almquist, YB, Landstedt, E, Hammarström, A. Associations between social support and depressive symptoms: social causation or social selection-or both? European Journal of Public Health 2017; 27: 84–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, G, Harris, T. Social origins of depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. Routledge, 1978.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. Forty-four juvenile thieves: their characters and home-life (II). International Journal of Psycho-analysis 1944; 19: 751.Google Scholar
Thielman, S. Psychiatry and social values: the American Psychiatric Association and immigration restriction, 1880–1930. Psychiatry 1985; 48: 299–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittmann, E. To what extent were ideas and beliefs about eugenics held in Nazi Germany shared in Britain and the United States prior to the second world war? Vesalius: acta internationales historiae medicinae 2004; 10: 16–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Herman, JL, Perry, JC, van der Kolk, BA. Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 146: 490–5.Google ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM–III–R). American Psychiatric Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Otgaar, H, Muris, P, Howe, ML, Merckelbach, H. What drives false memories in psychopathology? A case for associative activation. Clinical Psychological Science: A journal of the Association for Psychological Science 2017; 5: 1048–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dube, SR, Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, et al. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. JAMA 2001; 286: 3089–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, GW, Craig, TKJ, Harris, TO. Parental maltreatment and proximal risk factors using the Childhood Experience of Care & Abuse (CECA) instrument: a life-course study of adult chronic depression – 5. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008; 110: 222–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Beards, S, Fisher, HL, Gayer-Anderson, C, et al. Threatening life events and difficulties and psychotic disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2020; 46: 814–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, GW, Birley, JL. Crises and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1968; 9: 203–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, GW, Monck, EM, Carstairs, GM, Wing, JK. Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness. British Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine 1962; 16: 55.Google Scholar
Harris, T. Recent developments in the study of life events in relation to psychiatric and physical disorders. In Psychiatric Epidemiology: 81–102. Routledge, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padma, T. Developing countries: the outcomes paradox. Nature 2014; 508: S14–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, K, Haddock, G. The implementation of the NICE guidelines for schizophrenia: barriers to the implementation of psychological interventions and recommendations for the future. Psychology and Psychotherapy 2008; 81: 419–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, TO, Hepworth, C, Brown, GW. Loss, humiliation and entrapment among women developing depression: a patient and non-patient comparison. Psychological Medicine 1995; 25: 7–21.Google Scholar
Bellis, MA, Hughes, K, Leckenby, N, Perkins, C, Lowey, H. National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviours in England. BMC Medicine 2014; 12: 72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zielinski, DS, Eckenrode, J, Olds, DL. Nurse home visitation and the prevention of child maltreatment: impact on the timing of official reports. Development and Psychopathology 2009; 21: 441–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitzman, H, Olds, DL, Knudtson, MD, et al. Prenatal and infancy nurse home visiting and 18-year outcomes of a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2019; 144: e20183889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mejdoubi, J, van den Heijkant, SCCM, van Leerdam, FJM, et al. The effect of VoorZorg, the Dutch nurse-family partnership, on child maltreatment and development: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0120182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robling, M, Bekkers, MJ, Bell, K, et al. Effectiveness of a nurse-led intensive home-visitation programme for first-time teenage mothers (Building Blocks): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016; 387: 146–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conti, G, Pizzo, E, Morris, S, Melnychuk, M. The economic costs of child maltreatment in UK. Health Economics 2021; 30: 3087–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, J, Balfour, R, Bell, R, Marmot, M. Social determinants of mental health. International Review of Psychiatry 2014; 26: 392–407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wongkoblap, A, Vadillo, MA, Curcin, V. Researching mental health disorders in the era of social media: systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017; 19: e228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, DA, Valley, B, Simecka, BA. Mental health concerns in the digital age. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2017; 15: 604–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteith, S, Glenn, T, Geddes, J, Bauer, M. Big data are coming to psychiatry: a general introduction. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 2015; 3: 21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NHS Digital. Mental Health Services Data Set (MHSDS). (https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-sets/mental-health-services-data-set).Google Scholar
Balcombe, L, de Leo, D, Bustin, S. Digital mental health amid COVID-19. Encyclopedia 2021; 1: 1047–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, M, McManus, S, Hope, H, et al. Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: a latent class trajectory analysis using longitudinal UK data. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8: 610–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchtenhagen, A. Which future for social psychiatry? International Review of Psychiatry 2008; 20: 535–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolton, D, Gillett, G. The biopsychosocial model of health and disease. Springer International, 2019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, Kliethermes, M, Murray, LA. Trauma-focused CBT for youth with complex trauma. Child Abuse & Neglect 2012; 36: 528–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogarty, GE, Anderson, CM. Medication, family psychoeducation, and social skills training: first year relapse results of a controlled study. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1986; 22: 860–2.Google ScholarPubMed
Beck, AT. The current state of cognitive therapy: a 40-year retrospective. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005; 62: 953–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, PS, Gottlieb, JD, Penn, D, Mueser, K, Gingerich, S. Individual resiliency training: an early intervention approach to enhance well-being in people with first-episode psychosis. Psychiatric Annals 2015; 45: 554–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
References
Abed, R, St John-Smith, P. Introduction to evolutionary psychiatry. In Evolutionary psychiatry: current perspectives on evolution and mental health. Cambridge University Press; 2022:1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brüne, M. Textbook of evolutionary psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine: the origins of psychopathology. Oxford University Press; 2015.Google Scholar
McGuire, MT, Troisi, A. Prevalence differences in depression among males and females: are there evolutionary explanations? British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1998;71(4):479–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nesse, RM. Good reasons for bad feelings: insights from the frontier of evolutionary psychiatry. Penguin; 2019.Google Scholar
Nesse, RM. Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2023;22(2):177–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nesse, RM. Ten questions for evolutionary studies of disease vulnerability. Evolutionary Applications. 2011;4(2):264–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayr, E. Cause and effect in biology: kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist. Science. 1961;134(3489):1501–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesse, RM. Tinbergen’s four questions, organized: a response to Bateson and Laland. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2013;28(12):681–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergman, TJ, Beehner, JC. Leveling with Tinbergen: four levels simplified to causes and consequences. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 2022;31(1):12–19.Google Scholar
Alonso, P, López-Solà, C, Real, E, Segalàs, C, Menchón, JM. Animal models of obsessive–compulsive disorder: utility and limitations. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2015:1939–55.Google Scholar
Langlieb, AM, Guico-Pabia, CJ. Beyond symptomatic improvement: assessing real-world outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 2010;12(2):26705.Google ScholarPubMed
Ormel, J, Hollon, SD, Kessler, RC, Cuijpers, P, Monroe, SM. More treatment but no less depression: the treatment-prevalence paradox. Clinical Psychology Review. 2022;91:102111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenrick, DT, Lundberg-Kenrick, DE. Solving modern problems with a stone-age brain: human evolution and the seven fundamental motives. American Psychological Association; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000286-000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troisi, A. The evolutionary diagnosis of mental disorder. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. 2015;6(3):323–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Nesse, RM. Fear and fitness: an evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders. Ethology and Sociobiology. 1994;15(5–6):247–61.Google Scholar
Nesse, RM. The smoke detector principle: natural selection and the regulation of defensive responses. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001;935(1):75–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloman, L, Price, JS. Losing behavior (yielding subroutine) and human depression: proximate and selective mechanisms. Ethology and Sociobiology. 1987;8:99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, GW, Lemyre, L, Bifulco, A. Social factors and recovery from anxiety and depressive disorders: a test of specificity. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;161(1):44–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nesse, RM. Is depression an adaptation? Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(1):14–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rantala, MJ, Luoto, S, Krama, T, Krams, I. Eating disorders: an evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological approach. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10:2200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abed, RT. The sexual competition hypothesis for eating disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1998;71(4):525–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzman, MA, Hermans, KM, Hoeken, DV, Hoek, HW. Not your “typical island woman”: anorexia nervosa is reported only in subcultures in Curacao. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2004;28:463–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, S. The role of self in group treatment for women with eating disorders. Thirdspace. 2002;2(1):1–8.Google Scholar
Erskine, HE, Whiteford, HA, Pike, KM. The global burden of eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2016;29(6):346–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugermeyer, J. Eating disorders (ED), a global epidemic, de-stigmatizing ED to save lives. Innovations in Global Mental Health. 2021:191–201.Google Scholar
Abed, R, Mehta, S, Figueredo, AJ, et al. Eating disorders and intrasexual competition: testing an evolutionary hypothesis among young women. Scientific World Journal. 2012;2012(1):290813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faer, LM, Hendriks, A, Abed, RT, Figueredo, AJ. The evolutionary psychology of eating disorders: female competition for mates or for status? Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2005;78(3):397–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayton, A, Ibrahim, A. The Western diet: a blind spot of eating disorder research? A narrative review and recommendations for treatment and research. Nutrition Reviews. 2020;78(7):579–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nettersheim, J, Gerlach, G, Herpertz, S, et al. Evolutionary psychology of eating disorders: an explorative study in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9:2122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nesse, RM, Nesse RM (2017). Anorexia: a perverse effect of attempting to control the starvation response. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2017;40:31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guisinger, S. Adapted to flee famine: adding an evolutionary perspective on anorexia nervosa. Psychological Review. 2003;110(4):745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bulik, CM, Carroll, IM, Mehler, P. Reframing anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2021;32(10):752–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Dongen, J, Boomsma, DI. The evolutionary paradox and the missing heritability of schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2013;162(2):122–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gratten, J, Wray, NR, Keller, MC, Visscher, PM. Large-scale genomics unveils the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders. Nature Neuroscience. 2014;17(6):782–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardiñas, AF, Holmans, P, Pocklington, AJ, et al. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection. Nature Genetics. 2018;50(3):381–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torrey, EF. Did the human genome project affect research on schizophrenia? Psychiatry Research. 2024;333:115691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGrath, JJ. Variations in the incidence of schizophrenia: data versus dogma. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2006;32(1):195–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abed, R, Abbas, M. FC02-07 – Can Darwinian theory help unlock the mystery of schizophrenia? European Psychiatry. 2011;26:1821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abed, RT, Abbas, MJ. Can the new epidemiology of schizophrenia help elucidate its causation? Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2014;31(1):1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rantala, MJ, Luoto, S, Borráz-León, JI, Krams, I. Schizophrenia: the new etiological synthesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2022;142:104894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, TJ. Schizophrenia as the price that Homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species. Brain Research Reviews. 2000;31(2–3):118–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, C, Everall, I, Pantelis, C, Bousman, C. Interrogating the evolutionary paradox of schizophrenia: a novel framework and evidence supporting recent negative selection of schizophrenia risk alleles. Frontiers in Genetics. 2019;10:389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhattacharyya, U, Deshpande, SN, Bhatia, T, Thelma, BK. Revisiting schizophrenia from an evolutionary perspective: an association study of recent evolutionary markers and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2021;47(3):827–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crespi, B, Stead, P, Elliot, M. Comparative genomics of autism and schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 2010;107(suppl_1):1736–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, AD, St-John Smith, P, Abed, R. Evobiopsychosocial medicine. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2023;11(1):67–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Kendler, K.S. The prehistory of psychiatric genetics: 1780–1910. American Journal of Psychiatry 178, 490–508, doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030326 (2021).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lander, E. S. et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860–921, doi:10.1038/35057062 (2001).Google ScholarPubMed
Nurk, S. et al. The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 376, 44–53, doi:10.1126/science.abj6987 (2022).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millan, M.J., Goodwin, G.M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A. & Ove Ögren, S. Learning from the past and looking to the future: emerging perspectives for improving the treatment of psychiatric disorders. European Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, 599–656, doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.016 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howes, O.D., Thase, M.E. & Pillinger, T. Treatment resistance in psychiatry: state of the art and new directions. Molecular Psychiatry 27, 58–72, doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01200-3 (2022).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shih, R.A., Belmonte, P.L. & Zandi, P.P. A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders. International Reviews in Psychiatry 16, 260–83, doi:10.1080/09540260400014401 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettersson, E. et al. Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls. Psychological Medicine 49, 1166–73, doi:10.1017/S0033291718002039 (2019).Google Scholar
Gusella, J.F. Genetic linkage of the Huntington’s disease gene to a DNA marker. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 11, 421–5, doi:10.1017/S0317167100045947 (1984).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacDonald, M.E. et al. A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington’s disease chromosomes. Cell 72, 971–83, doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90585-E (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genomic relationships, novel loci, and pleiotropic mechanisms across eight psychiatric disorders. Cell 179, 1469–82, e1411, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020 (2019).Google Scholar
Sullivan, P.F. How good were candidate gene guesses in schizophrenia genetics? Biological Psychiatry 82, 696–7, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.004 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, E.C. et al. No evidence that schizophrenia candidate genes are more associated with schizophrenia than noncandidate genes. Biological Psychiatry 82, 702–8, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.033 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Border, R. et al. No support for historical candidate gene or candidate gene-by-interaction hypotheses for major depression across multiple large samples. American Journal of Psychiatry 176, 376–87, doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070881 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirov, G. et al. Comparative genome hybridization suggests a role for NRXN1 and APBA2 in schizophrenia. Human Molecular Genetics 17, 458–65, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm323 (2008).Google ScholarPubMed
Takumi, T. & Tamada, K. CNV biology in neurodevelopmental disorders. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 48, 183–92, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.004 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niarchou, M. et al. Psychiatric disorders in children with 16p11.2 deletion and duplication. Translational Psychiatry 9, 8, doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0339-8 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, R. A. et al. Recurrent 16p11.2 microdeletions in autism. Human Molecular Genetics 17, 628–38, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm376 (2008).Google ScholarPubMed
Rees, E. et al. Analysis of copy number variations at 15 schizophrenia-associated loci. British Journal of Psychiatry 204, 108–14, doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131052 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsay, E. A. et al. Schizophrenia and chromosomal deletions within 22q11.2. American Journal of Human Genetics 56, 1502–3 (1995).Google ScholarPubMed
Risch, N. & Merikangas, K. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273, 1516–17, doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1516 (1996).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, D.G. et al. Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome. Science 280, 1077–82, doi:10.1126/science.280.5366.1077 (1998).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubbard, L. et al. DRAGON-Data: A platform and protocol for integrating genomic and phenotypic data across large psychiatric cohorts. medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.22269463 (2022).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, R.A. et al. The International HapMap Project. Nature 426, 789–96, doi:10.1038/nature02168 (2003).Google Scholar
Auton, A. et al. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526, 68–74, doi:10.1038/nature15393 (2015).Google ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, S. et al. A reference panel of 64,976 haplotypes for genotype imputation. Nature Genetics 48, 1279 (2016).Google ScholarPubMed
Klein, R.J. et al. Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 308, 385–9, doi:10.1126/science.1109557 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacArthur, J. et al. The new NHGRI-EBI catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS catalog). Nucleic Acids Research 45, D896–901, doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1133 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demontis, D. et al. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nature Genetics 51, 63–75, doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0269-7 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otowa, T. et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders. Molecular Psychiatry 21, 1485, doi:10.1038/mp.2016.11 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grove, J. et al. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nature Genetics 51, 431–44, doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0344-8 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mullins, N. et al. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nature Genetics 53, 817–29, doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00857-4 (2021).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, H.J. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa. Nature Genetics 51, 1207–14, doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0439-2 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howard, D.M. et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nature Neuroscience 22, 343–52, doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, D. et al. Interrogating the genetic determinants of Tourette’s syndrome and other tic disorders through genome-wide association studies. American Journal of Psychiatry 176, 217–27, doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070857 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nievergelt, C.M. et al. International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci. Nature Communications 10, 4558, doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12576-w (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trubetskoy, V. et al. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature 604, 502–8, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5 (2022).Google Scholar
Mountjoy, E. et al. An open approach to systematically prioritize causal variants and genes at all published human GWAS trait-associated loci. Nature Genetics 53, 1527–33, doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00945-5 (2021).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaid, D.J., Chen, W. & Larson, N.B. From genome-wide associations to candidate causal variants by statistical fine-mapping. Nature Reviews Genetics 19, 491–504, doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0016-z (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lam, M. et al. Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations. Nature Genetics 51, 1670–8, doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0512-x (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wray, N.R. et al. Research review: polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 55, 1068–87, doi:10.1111/jcpp.12295 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anttila, V. et al. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science 360, doi:10.1126/science.aap8757 (2018).Google ScholarPubMed
Hindorff, L.A. et al. Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106, 9362–7, doi:10.1073/pnas.0903103106 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, Y., Zheng, Z., Visscher, P.M. & Yang, J. Quantifying the mapping precision of genome-wide association studies using whole-genome sequencing data. Genome Biology 18, 86, doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1216-0 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cai, N. et al. Minimal phenotyping yields genome-wide association signals of low specificity for major depression. Nature Genetics 52, 437–47, doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0594-5 (2020).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, T. et al. The contribution of rare variants to risk of schizophrenia in individuals with and without intellectual disability. Nature Genetics 49, 1167–73, doi:10.1038/ng.3903 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sul, J.H. et al. Contribution of common and rare variants to bipolar disorder susceptibility in extended pedigrees from population isolates. Translational Psychiatry 10, 74, doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0758-1 (2020).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krumm, N. et al. Excess of rare, inherited truncating mutations in autism. Nature Genetics 47, 582–8, doi:10.1038/ng.3303 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, C., Baune, B.T., Licinio, J. & Wong, M.L. Whole-genome single nucleotide variant distribution on genomic regions and its relationship to major depression. Psychiatry Research 252, 75–9, doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.041 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wainschtein, P. et al. Assessing the contribution of rare variants to complex trait heritability from whole-genome sequence data. Nature Genetics 54, 263–73, doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00997-7 (2022).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, T. et al. Rare coding variants in ten genes confer substantial risk for schizophrenia. Nature 604, 509–16, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04556-w (2022).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satterstrom, F.K. et al. Large-scale exome sequencing study implicates both developmental and functional changes in the neurobiology of autism. Cell 180, 568–84.e523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.036 (2020).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplanis, J. et al. Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data. Nature 586, 757–62, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2832-5 (2020).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Editors, M. EU gives first approval for ultra-high-field MRI scanner, the Siemens Magnetom Terra 2017 www.medgadget.com/2017/08/eu-gives-first-approval-ultra-high-field-mri-scanner-siemens-magnetom-terra.html.Google Scholar
Editors, M. FDA gives first clearance to Siemens High-Field 7 Tesla MRI Scanner 2017 www.medgadget.com/2017/10/fda-gives-first-clearance-high-field-7-tesla-mri-scanner.html.Google Scholar
Pohmann, R, Speck, O, Scheffler, K. Signal-to-noise ratio and MR tissue parameters in human brain imaging at 3, 7, and 9.4 tesla using current receive coil arrays. Magnetic Resonance Medicine. 2016;75[2]:801–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budinger, TF, Bird, MD. MRI and MRS of the human brain at magnetic fields of 14T to 20T: technical feasibility, safety, and neuroscience horizons. NeuroImage. 2018;168:509–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tabelow, K, Balteau, E, Ashburner, J, et al. hMRI – a toolbox for quantitative MRI in neuroscience and clinical research. NeuroImage. 2019;194:191–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiskopf, N, Suckling, J, Williams, G, et al. Quantitative multi-parameter mapping of R1, PD*, MT, and R2* at 3T: a multi-center validation. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2013;7[95].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiskopf, N, Edwards, LJ, Helms, G, Mohammadi, S, Kirilina, E. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain anatomy and in vivo histology. Nature Reviews Physics. 2021;3[8]:570–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novikov, DS, Fieremans, E, Jespersen, SN, Kiselev, VG. Quantifying brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: theory and parameter estimation. NMR in Biomedicine. 2019;32[4]:e3998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Santis, S, Jones, DK, Roebroeck, A. Including diffusion time dependence in the extra-axonal space improves in vivo estimates of axonal diameter and density in human white matter. NeuroImage. 2016;130:91–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, CA, Kate, M, Gioia, L, et al. Reduction of diffusion-weighted imaging contrast of acute ischemic stroke at short diffusion times. Stroke. 2015;46[8]:2136–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fieremans, E, Jensen, JH, Helpern, JA. White matter characterization with diffusional kurtosis imaging. NeuroImage. 2011;58[1]:177–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jelescu, IO, Veraart, J, Adisetiyo, V, et al. One diffusion acquisition and different white matter models: how does microstructure change in human early development based on WMTI and NODDI? NeuroImage. 2015;107:242–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lommers, E, Simon, J, Reuter, G, et al. Multiparameter MRI quantification of microstructural tissue alterations in multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2019;23:101879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wattjes, MP, Ciccarelli, O, Reich, DS, et al. 2021 MAGNIMS–CMSC–NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurology. 2021;20[8]:653–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKhann, GM, Knopman, DS, Chertkow, H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Dementia. 2011;7[3]:263–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lombardi, G, Crescioli, G, Cavedo, E, et al. Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2020;3[3]:Cd009628.Google ScholarPubMed
Au, CKF, Abrigo, J, Liu, C, et al. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the hippocampal fimbria in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021;53[6]:1823–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mozumder, M, Pozo, JM, Coelho, S, et al. Quantitative histomorphometry of capillary microstructure in deep white matter. NeuroImage Clinics. 2019;23:101839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nettis, MA, Lawrence, AJ, Wood, T, et al. Using quantitative MRI to study brain responses to immune challenge with interferon-α. Brain Behavior and Immune Health. 2021;18:100376.Google ScholarPubMed
Graham, D, Avena-Koenigsberger, A, Mišić, B. Editorial: Network communication in the brain. Network Neuroscience. 2020;4[4]:976–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patankar, SP, Kim, JZ, Pasqualetti, F, Bassett, DS. Path-dependent connectivity, not modularity, consistently predicts controllability of structural brain networks. Network Neuroscience. 2020;4[4]:1091–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, P, Nozari, E, Kim, JZ, et al. Models of communication and control for brain networks: distinctions, convergence, and future outlook. Network Neuroscience. 2020;4[4]:1122–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allawala, A, Bijanki, KR, Goodman, W, et al. A novel framework for network-targeted neuropsychiatric deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2021;89[2]:E116-e21.Google ScholarPubMed
Horn, A, Fox, MD. Opportunities of connectomic neuromodulation. NeuroImage. 2020;221:117180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, N, Baldermann, JC, Kibleur, A, et al. A unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nature Communications. 2020;11[1]:3364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Essen, DC, Smith, SM, Barch, DM, et al. The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: an overview. NeuroImage. 2013;80:62–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasung, L, Abaci Turk, E, Ferradal, SL, et al. Exploring early human brain development with structural and physiological neuroimaging. Neuroimage. 2019;187:226–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakab, A, Schwartz, E, Kasprian, G, et al. Fetal functional imaging portrays heterogeneous development of emerging human brain networks. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2014;8:852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomason, ME, Scheinost, D, Manning, JH, et al. Weak functional connectivity in the human fetal brain prior to preterm birth. Scientific Reports. 2017;7:39286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz, G, Dehaene, S, Hertz-Pannier, L. Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants. Science. 2002;298[5600]:2013–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manning, JH, Courchesne, E, Fox, PT. Intrinsic connectivity network mapping in young children during natural sleep. NeuroImage. 2013;83:288–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggebrecht, AT, Elison, JT, Feczko, E, et al. Joint attention and brain functional connectivity in infants and toddlers. Cerebral Cortex. 2017;27[3]:1709–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, CT, Skalaban, LJ, Yates, TS, et al. Re-imagining fMRI for awake behaving infants. Nature Communications. 2020;11[1]:4523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turk, E, van den Heuvel MI, , Benders, MJ, et al. Functional connectome of the fetal brain. Journal of Neuroscience. 2019;39[49]:9716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, PM, Jahanshad, N, Schmaal, L, et al. The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium: 10 years of global collaborations in human brain mapping. Human Brain Mapping. 2022;43[1]:15–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, PM, Jahanshad, N, Ching, CRK, et al. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: a decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries. Translational Psychiatry. 2020;10[1]:100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miterko, LN, Baker, KB, Beckinghausen, J, et al. Consensus paper: experimental neurostimulation of the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2019;18[6]:1064–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute of Clinical Excellence. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression. Interventional procedures guidance [IPG542]; 2015. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg542/chapter/1-RecommendationsGoogle Scholar
Tracy, DK, de Sousa de Abreu, M, Nalesnik, N, et al. Neuroimaging effects of 1 Hz right temporoparietal rTMS on normal auditory processing: implications for clinical hallucination treatment paradigms. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2014;31[6]:541–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orlov, ND, O’Daly, O, Tracy, DK, et al. Stimulating thought: a functional MRI study of transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia. Brain. 2017;140[9]:2490–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dyck, MS, Mathiak, KA, Bergert, S, et al. Targeting treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia with fMRI-based neurofeedback – exploring different cases of schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2016;7:37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orlov, ND, Giampietro, V, O’Daly, O, et al. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback to down-regulate superior temporal gyrus activity in patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations: a proof-of-concept study. Translational Psychiatry. 2018;8[1]:46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, KJ, Dolan, RJ. Computational and dynamic models in neuroimaging. NeuroImage. 2010;52[3]:752–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, GP, Thaler, NS, Matveeva, TM, et al. Predicting psychosis across diagnostic boundaries: behavioral and computational modeling evidence for impaired reinforcement learning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with a history of psychosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2015;124[3]:697–708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, KJ, Diedrichsen, J, Holmes, E, Zeidman, P. Variational representational similarity analysis. NeuroImage. 2019;201:115986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freund, MC, Etzel, JA, Braver, TS. Neural coding of cognitive control: the representational similarity analysis approach. Trends in Cognitive Science. 2021;25[7]:622–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krabbendam, L, O’Daly, O, Morley, LA, et al. Using the Stroop task to investigate the neural correlates of symptom change in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;194[4]:373–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horne, CM, Vanes, LD, Verneuil, T, et al. Cognitive control network connectivity differentially disrupted in treatment resistant schizophrenia. NeuroImage Clinics. 2021;30:102631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, B, Choi, Y, Jeon, M, et al. ARPNet: Antidepressant Response Prediction Network for Major Depressive Disorder. Genes. 2019;10[11].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, L, Peters, ER, Dima, D, Williams, SC, Kumari, V. Cognitive behavioral therapy normalizes functional connectivity for social threat in psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2016;42[3]:684–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, KP, Chin Fatt, C, Treacher, A, et al. Patterns of pretreatment reward task brain activation predict individual antidepressant response: key results from the EMBARC randomized clinical trial. Biological Psychiatry. 2022;91[6]:550–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gratton, C, Kraus, BT, Greene, DJ, et al. Defining individual-specific functional neuroanatomy for precision psychiatry. Biological Psychiatry. 2020;88[1]:28–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliott, ML, Knodt, AR, Hariri, AR. Striving toward translation: strategies for reliable fMRI measurement. Trends in Cognitive Science. 2021;25[9]:776–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neuner, I, Veselinović, T, Ramkiran, S, et al. 7T ultra-high-field neuroimaging for mental health: an emerging tool for precision psychiatry? Translational Psychiatry. 2022;12[1]:36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Sapolsky, R, Rivier, C, Yamamoto, G, Plotsky, P, Vale, W. Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor. Science 1987; 238(4826): 522–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berkenbosch F, , van Oers, J, del Rey, A, et al. Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1. Science 1987; 238: 524–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonaccorso, S, Marino, V, Biondi, M, et al. Depression induced by treatment with interferon-alpha in patients affected by hepatitis C virus. Journal of Affective Disorders 2002; 72: 237–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Musselman, DL, Lawson, DH, Gumnick, JF, et al. Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 344: 961–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osimo, EF, Baxter, LJ, Lewis, G, Jones, PB, Khandaker, GM. Prevalence of low-grade inflammation in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of CRP levels. Psychological Medicine 2019; 49(12); 1958–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattaneo, A, Gennarelli, M, Uher, R, et al. Candidate genes expression profile associated with antidepressants response in the GENDEP study: differentiating between baseline ‘predictors’ and longitudinal ‘targets’. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38(3); 377–85.Google ScholarPubMed
Milaneschi, Y, Kappelmann, N, Ye, Z, et al. Association of inflammation with depression and anxiety: evidence for symptom-specificity and potential causality from UK Biobank and NESDA cohorts. Molecular Psychiatry 2021; 26(12): 7393–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, K, Imagama, S, Ohgomori, T, et al. Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia. Cell Death & Disease 2013; 4(3): e525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khandaker, GM, Oltean, BP, Kaser, M, et al. Protocol for the insight study: a randomised controlled trial of single-dose tocilizumab in patients with depression and low-grade inflammation. BMJ Open 2018; 8(9): e025333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Identifier NCT04116606, Antidepressant trial with P2X7 antagonist JNJ-54175446 (ATP) 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04116606Google Scholar
McIntyre, RS, Subramaniapillai, M, Lee, Y, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive infliximab vs placebo in the treatment of adults with bipolar I/II depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76(8): 783–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02473289. An efficacy and safety study of sirukumab in participants with major depressive disorder. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/nct02473289Google Scholar
McIntyre, RS, Subramaniapillai, M, Lee, Y, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive infliximab vs placebo in the treatment of adults with bipolar I/II depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76(8); 783–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ripke, S, Neale, BM, Corvin, A, et al. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 2014; 511(7510): 421.Google Scholar
Sekar, A, Bialas, AR, De Rivera, H, et al. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature 2016; 530(7589): 177–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leng, F, Edison, P. Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?. Nature Reviews Neurology 2021; 17(3): 157–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cryan, JF, O’Riordan, KJ, Cowan, CS, et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiological Reviews 2019; 99(4): 1877–2013.Google Scholar
Pollak, TA, Lennox, BR, Müller, S, et al. Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7(1): 93–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, EM. Neural regulation of innate immunity: a coordinated nonspecific host response to pathogens. Nature Reviews Immunology 2006; 6(4): 318–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Accessibility standard: WCAG 2.0 A
Why this information is here
This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.Accessibility Information
The PDF of this book
conforms to version 2.0 of the
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
(WCAG), ensuring core accessibility principles are addressed and meets the basic
(A)
level of WCAG compliance, addressing essential accessibility barriers.
Content Navigation
Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Index navigation
Provides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.
Provides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.
Reading Order & Textual Equivalents
Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
Visual Accessibility
Use of colour is not sole means of conveying information
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.
Structural and Technical Features
ARIA roles provided
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.