An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations has among its chief aims to promote the just and effective pursuit of wealth. Smith's book is undoubtedly the most famous and enduring Enlightenment contribution to the subject. The Enlightenment, in turn, is closely tied to the liberation of the desire for wealth, and so to commerce and the free market which are, Smith persuasively argues, the most effective means to the satisfaction of that desire. This is no sooner said than ethical controversy surrounds the entire project. Is not the pursuit of wealth, especially when organized on a mass scale and sanctioned by law and custom, profoundly corrosive of virtue, good character, and community? Does not the creation of wealth require the exploitation of the workers, indeed their spiritual impoverishment, as they toil in the production lines for depressed wages while the rich reap profits from their stupefying labor? Consider too the vulgarity of the “consumerist” cultures of societies that have succeeded, thanks to the very sorts of social and economic mechanisms advocated by Smith, in becoming wealthy. The various liberties these societies enjoy, such as liberties of speech and religious belief, themselves slip (some would say) ineluctably and predictably into chatter and religion-of-your-choice sentimentality.