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  • Print publication year: 2009
  • Online publication date: November 2009

9 - Public and Environmental Health

from PART I - WORKERS AND PLACES
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Summary
Public health measures have concentrated on four main areas: controlling hazards in the physical environment, ensuring the quality of food and water, preventing the transmission of infectious diseases, and providing vaccinations and other individual preventive services. The history of modern public health can be divided into three periods during which new sites for professional activity were developed. In the period 1800-1890, the main focus was on the health of towns as new methods of disease control were introduced. In the years 1890-1950, the major new concern was over health of nations, especially economic and social efficiency, which was promoted by measures aimed at individuals and their behavior. Environmental approaches to public health were maintained, although they were increasingly routinized. Finally, after 1950, new attention was given to world health, particularly as a result of population growth, the impact of advanced industrial technologies, such as nuclear products and pesticides.

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The Cambridge History of Science
  • Online ISBN: 9781139056007
  • Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521572019
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