Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:51:24.074Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - The Political Economy of Kurdistan

From Development to De-development

from Part I - Historical Legacies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2021

Hamit Bozarslan
Affiliation:
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Cengiz Gunes
Affiliation:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
Veli Yadirgi
Affiliation:
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Get access

Summary

“This chapter analyses the socio-economic and political structures and transformations of the Kurdish people from the Ottoman era through to the modern Turkish Republic, arguing that there is a symbiotic relationship between the Kurdish question and the de-development of the predominantly Kurdish domains. Adopting a longue-durée framework it combines key theoretical insights of the fields of critical political economy, development studies, international relations and comparative politics to develop an original account of the Kurds, ESA and Turkey’s Kurdish question. It delineates and examines the socio-economic and political developments, structures and transformations in ESA from 1514 to 2014. These transformations are then critically compared with those of other domains within the context of the larger geopolitical area of which these territories have been a part over the course of these five centuries. Resultantly, the chapter devises a novel periodization for the socio-economic history of ESA based on three distinct periods: development, underdevelopment and de-development, and posits that the relationship between these domains and the Turkish state is characterized by a unique socio-economic process: de-development.”

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers (1857–98), ‘Commercial Reports’ from consular offices in the Ottoman Empire for the following years:Google Scholar
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers ‘Diplomatic and Consular Reports Series. Annual Series’ for Turkey for the following years:Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers (1857–98), ‘Commercial Reports’ from consular offices in the Ottoman Empire for the following years:Google Scholar
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers ‘Diplomatic and Consular Reports Series. Annual Series’ for Turkey for the following years:Google Scholar
Ahmad, F. (1993). The Making of Modern Turkey. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Akçam, T. (2012). The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Aydın, Z. (1986). Underdevelopment and Rural Structures in Southeastern Anatolia: The Household Economy in Gisgis and Kalhana. London: Ithaca Press and University of Durham.Google Scholar
Barkan, Ö. L. (2000). Osmanlı Devleti’nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi: Osmanlı Devlet Arşivleri Üzerinde Tetkikler ve Makaleler, 2 Vols, ed. Özdeğer, H.. Istanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi.Google Scholar
Bayrak, M. (ed.) (1993). Kürtler ve Ulusal-Demokratik Mücadeleleri: Gizli Belgeler-Araştımalar-Notlar. Ankara: Öz-Ge Yayınları.Google Scholar
Bayrak, M. (ed.) (1994). Açık-Gizli/Resmi-Gayriresmi Kürdoloji Belgeleri. Istanbul: Öz-Ge Yayınları.Google Scholar
Bedirkhan, K. A. (1958). La question Kurde. Paris.Google Scholar
Boratav, K. (1982). Türkiye’de Devletçilik. Ankara: SavaşYayınları.Google Scholar
Brant, J. (1836). Journey through a part of Armenia and Asia Minor in the year 1835. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 6, 187223.Google Scholar
Bulut, F. (1998). Kürt Sorununda Çözüm Arayışları. Istanbul: Ozan Yayınlar.Google Scholar
Burkay, K. ([1992] 2008). Geçmişten Bügüne Kürtler ve Kürdistan: Coğrafya-Tarih-Edebiyat. 4th ed. Diyarbakır: DENG Yayınları.Google Scholar
Davis, R. (1970). English imports from the Middle East, 1580–1780. In Cook, M. A. (eds), Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East (pp. 193206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dündar, F. (2012). Pouring a people into the desert: The “definitive solution” of the unionist to the Armenian question. In Suny, R. G., Göçek, F. M. and Naimark, N. M. (eds), A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire (pp. 276–84). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eldem, V. (1970). Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun İktisadi Şartları Hakkında bir Tetkik. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.Google Scholar
Faroqhi, S. (1984). Towns and Townsmen of Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520–1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gökalp, Z. (1959). Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization: Selected Essays, trans. Niyazi Berkes. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.Google Scholar
Gökalp, Z. (1968). Principles of Turkism, trans. Robert Devereux. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Herschlag, Z. Y. (1968). Turkey: The Challenge of Growth. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, R. G. (1999). Introduction: The Armenian genocide, remembrance and denial. In Hovannisian, R. G. (ed.), Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide (pp. 1321). Detroit, MI: Wayne State Press.Google Scholar
İnalcık, H. (1994). The Ottoman state: Economy and society, 1300-1600. In İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D. (eds), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914 (pp. 9380). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
İnan, A. (1972). Devletçilik İlkesi ve Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin Birinci Sanayi Planı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.Google Scholar
Issawi, C. (1980). The Economic History of Turkey 1800–1914. Chicago, IL, and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jafar, R. M. (1976). Under-underdevelopment: A Regional Case Study of the Kurdish Areas in Turkey. Helsinki: Social Policy Association.Google Scholar
Jongerden, J. (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Jwaideh, W. (1961). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement. New York: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
List, F. (1856). National System of Political Economy. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott [republished by University of Michigan Library (n.d.)].Google Scholar
McDowall, D. (2000). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Murphey, R. (1987). Regional Structure in the Ottoman Economy: A Sultanic Memorandum of 1636 A.D. Concerning the Sources and Uses of Tax-Farms Revenues of Anatolia and the Coastal Northern Portions of Syria. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Öktem, K. (2004). Incorporating the time and space of the ethnic “Other”: Nationalism and space in southeast Turkey in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Nations and Nationalism, 10 (4), 559–78.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. (1994). Money in the Ottoman Empire, 1326–1914. In İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D. (eds), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914 (pp. 947–85). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. (2004). ‘Coins and currency of the Ottoman Empire’. www.pierre-marteau.com/currency/coins/turk.html.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. (2008). Economic change in twentieth-century Turkey: Is the glass more than half full? In Kasaba, R. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World (pp. 266300). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. ([1987] 2010). The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820–1913: Trade, Investment and Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Quataert, D. (1993). Ottoman Manufacturing in the Age of the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Quataert, D. (1994). The age of reforms, 1812–1914. In İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D. (eds), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1600–1914 (pp. 759944). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roy, S. (1995). The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestinian Studies.Google Scholar
Safrastian, A. (1948). Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Harvill Press.Google Scholar
Sahillioğlu, H. (1970). Sıvış year crises in the Ottoman Empire. In Cook, M. A. (ed.), Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East (pp. 230–53). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Salzmann, A. (2003). Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire: Rival Paths to Modern State. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Shaw, J. S. (1969). Archival sources for Ottoman history: The archives of Turkey. Journal of American Oriental Society, 80 (1), 112.Google Scholar
Sönmez, M. ([1990] 1992). Kürtler: Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarih, Doğu Anadolu’nun Hikayesi. Istanbul: Arkadaş Yayınevi.Google Scholar
Tabakoğlu, A. (1985). Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi. Istanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.Google Scholar
Toprak, Z. (1982). Türkiye’de ‘Milli İktisat’ (1908–1918). Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.Google Scholar
Ülker, E. (2005). Contextualising ‘Turkification’: Nation-building in the late Ottoman Empire, 1908–18. Nations and Nationalism, 11 (4), 613–36.Google Scholar
Üngör, U. Ü. (2011). The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Üngör, U. U. and Polatel, M. (2011). Confiscation and Destruction: The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Property. London and New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
van Bruinessen, M. (1988). The Ottoman conquest of Diyarbekir. In van Bruinessen, M. and Boescheten, H. (trans and eds), Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir: The Relevant Sections of the Seyahatname (pp. 1328). Leiden and New York: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Moltke, H. (1968). Briefe aus der Türkei aus den Jahren 1835–1839. Berlin: E.S. Mittler & Sohn.Google Scholar
Yadirgi, V. (2017). The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Yalman, G. (2009). Transition to Neoliberalism: The Case of Turkey in the 1980s. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University.Google Scholar
Yılmazçelik, İ. (1995). XIX. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Diyarbakır. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.Google Scholar
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers (1857–98), ‘Commercial Reports’ from consular offices in the Ottoman Empire for the following years:Google Scholar
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Parliamentary Papers, Account and Papers ‘Diplomatic and Consular Reports Series. Annual Series’ for Turkey for the following years:Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×