This chapter deals with the peculiar bond between humans and fire: what, in the course of history, have we humans done with fire, and what has fire done to us. Four successive phases in human history are distinguished: the phase before domestication; the phase of domestication of fire; the phase that in analogy with the subsequent phase of industrialization may be called agrarianization; and industrialization. A new phase (fifth phase), in which fire and fuel will play a very different role than in the still current phase of industrialization, is discussed. The history of the human bond with fire and fuel has aspects that relate to practically all academic disciplines, in the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. Fire is a process of combustion of organic matter. A momentary conjunction of three conditions, Matter, Energy, and Information (MEI), is needed for it to occur.