In the new geo-political circumstances that developed in the aftermath of the collapse of the USSR, and in particular the new prominence of a widely perceived antagonism between Islam and ‘the West’, conversion has once again taken a central role. The much vaunted ‘religious turn’ in early modern studies has followed in its wake, generating new perspectives on the complexities of post-Reformation devotional worlds and their interaction, work that is finding in conversion a means to better understand these worlds and our own. Moving between early modern and modern conversions, with a particular focus upon Mozart’s Die Entführung aus dem Serail (The abduction from the seraglio) as a transitional moment, this Afterword outlines the continuing urgency of the contributions collected in this volume in the context of contemporary debates.