The epilogue offers a series of vignettes meant to demonstrate the contemporary legacies of the dialectic between those who see fangyan as a more “flexible” notion of Chinese identity and homogenizing forces that seek to reframe them as nothing more than subsidiary variants of the Chinese standard language. These anecdotes, moving from local journalism to underground hip-hop to protest flash mobs, present a thematic epilogue, highlighting through example the significances of fangyan that continue to shape Chinese nationalism today.