Suggested readings
BalserJR, ButterworthJF, LarachDR. Cardiovascular drugs. In: FrederickA, HensleyJ, MartinDE, GravleeGP, eds. A Practical Appproach to Cardiac Anesthesia. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:33–103.
BayramM, De LucaL, MassieMB, GheorghiadeM. Reassessment of dobutamine, dopamine, and milrinone in the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:47G–58G.
BersDM. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Nature 2002; 415:198–205.
GrobanL, ButterworthJ. Perioperative management of chronic heart failure. Anesth Analg 2006; 103:557–575.
HolmesCL, PatelBM, RussellJA, WalleyKR. Physiology of vasopressin relevant to management of septic shock. Chest 2001; 120:989–1002.
KirovMY, EvgenovOV, EvgenovNV, et al. Infusion of methylene blue in human septic shock: a pilot, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1860–1867.
LevyJH, TanakaKA, BaileyJM. Cardiac surgical pharmacology. In: CohnLH, ed. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008:77–110.
McGowanFX, StevenJM. Cardiac physiology and pharmacology. In: CoteCJ, TodresID, RyanJF, GoudsouzianNG, eds. A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2001:353–390.
NottermanDA. Inotropic agents. Catecholamines, digoxin, amrinone. Crit Care Clin 1991; 7:583–613.
RoysterRL, ButterworthJ, GrobanL, et al. Cardiovascular pharmacology. In: KaplanJA, ReichDL, LakeCL, KonstadtSN, eds. Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2006:213–279.
ShanmugamG. Vasoplegic syndrome – the role of methylene blue. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28:705–710.
TollerWG, StranzC. Levosimendan, a new inotropic and vasodilator agent. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:556–569.
ZauggM, SchaubMC. Cellular mechanisms in sympatho-modulation of the heart. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93:34–52.
