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16 - Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale

from Part III - Nitrogen flows and fate at multiple spatial scales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Adrian Leip ,
Beat Achermann ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Alexander F. Bouwman ,
Wim de Vries ,
Ulli Dragosits ,
Ulrike Döring ,
Dave Fernall  and
Markus Geupel
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
Adrian Leip
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Beat Achermann
Affiliation:
Federal Office for the Environment Air Pollution Control
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
University Pierre & Marie Curie
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Alexander F. Bouwman
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Wim de Vries
Affiliation:
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Ulli Dragosits
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Ulrike Döring
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Dave Fernall
Affiliation:
Food and Rural Affairs Kingspool
Markus Geupel
Affiliation:
Federal Environment Agency, Germany
Penny Johnes
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Anne Christine Le Gall
Affiliation:
INERIS, France
Suvi Monni
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Rostislav Nevečeřal
Affiliation:
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
Lorenzo Orlandini
Affiliation:
European Commission – DG AGRI
Michel Prud'homme
Affiliation:
International Fertilizer Industry Association
Hannes I. Reuter
Affiliation:
Gisxperts gbr
David Simpson
Affiliation:
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
Guenther Seufert
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Till Spranger
Affiliation:
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
John van Aardenne
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Center
Maren Voß
Affiliation:
Leibniz-Institute of Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende
Wilfried Winiwarter
Affiliation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
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Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the problem

  • Environmental problems related to nitrogen concern all economic sectors and impact all media: atmosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and anthroposphere.

  • Therefore, the integration of fluxes allows an overall coverage of problems related to reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the environment, which is not accessible from sectoral approaches or by focusing on specific media.

Approaches

  • This chapter presents a set of high resolution maps showing key elements of the N flux budget across Europe, including N2 and Nr fluxes.

  • Comparative nitrogen budgets are also presented for a range of European countries, highlighting the most efficient strategies for mitigating Nr problems at a national scale. A new European Nitrogen Budget (EU-27) is presented on the basis of state-of-the-art Europe-wide models and databases focusing on different segments of Europe's society.

Key findings

  • From c. 18 Tg Nr yr−1 input to agriculture in the EU-27, only about 7 Tg Nr yr−1 find their way to the consumer or are further processed by industry.

  • Some 3.7 Tg Nr yr−1 is released by the burning of fossil fuels in the EU-27, whereby the contribution of the industry and energy sectors is equal to that of the transport sector. More than 8 Tg Nr yr−1 are disposed of to the hydrosphere, while the EU-27 is a net exporter of reactive nitrogen through atmospheric transport of c. 2.3 Tg Nr yr−1.

  • The largest single sink for Nr appears to be denitrification to N2 in European coastal shelf regions (potentially as large as the input of mineral fertilizer, about 11 Tg N yr–1 for the EU-27); however, this sink is also the most uncertain, because of the uncertainty of Nr import from the open ocean.

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 345 - 376
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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