2.Annas, GJ. Death without dignity for commercial surrogacy: the case of Baby M. Hastings Cent Rep 1988; 18(2):21–4.
4.Sanger, C. Developing markets in baby-making: in the matter of Baby M. Harv J Law Gend 2007; 30(1):67–97.
8.Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics (Minneapolis, MN: Filiquarian Publishing, 2007).
9.Aristotle claims in his Nicomachean Ethics that eudaimonia (happiness) results only from being excellent in both thought and action. For Aristotle, excellence in action comes from acting virtuously by means of an unchanging character. Only when we know the good, choose the good for its own sake, and in so doing act from an unchanging character have we acted morally. See Nicomachean Ethics, book II, chaps. 1–6.
11.It should be noted that compensation for the surrogate is both appropriate and necessary. Given the costs to the surrogate in time commitment, risks to health, possible complications, services, and other inconveniences, compensation would be expected.
12.This perspective is known as psychological egoism, and the psychological egoist interprets all human behavior as ultimately resulting from some self-serving motive. Even the most selfless actions are viewed by the psychological egoist as being motivated by selfishness in the end. Certainly, it is possible to view human behavior from such an egoistic interpretation. It is far from clear that such a pessimistic interpretation of human nature is correct.
15.One might also wonder whether Ms. Stern chose to use a surrogate in order to continue her medical practice uninterrupted by the complications of pregnancy and birth.
