Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 14
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
February 2016
Print publication year:
2016
Online ISBN:
9781107295469

Book description

The English language has undergone many sound changes in its long history. Some of these changes had a profound effect on the pronunciation of the language. A number of these significant instances of language evolution are generally grouped together and termed the 'Great Vowel Shift'. These changes are generally considered to be unrelated to other, similar long-vowel changes taking place a little earlier. This book assesses an extensive range of irregular Middle English spellings for all these changes, with a view to identifying the real course of events: the dates, the chronology, and the dialects that stand out as being innovative. Using empirical evidence to offer a fresh perspective and drawing new, convincing conclusions, Stenbrenden offers an interpretation of the history of the English language which may change our view of sound change completely.

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References

Aitken, A.J. 1981. ‘The Scottish Vowel-Length Rule’. In: Benskin, M. and M.L. Samuels (eds.). So meny people longages and tonges: philological essays in Scots and mediaeval English presented to Angus McIntosh. Privately published; 131157.
Aitchison, J. 1987. ‘The Language Lifegame: Prediction, Explanation and Linguistic Change’. In: Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 1132.
Aitchison, A.J. 1991. Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge University Press.
Algeo, J. and Pyles, T.. 2005 [5th ed.]. The Origins and Development of the English Language. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.
Anderson, J. 1988. ‘The Great Kentish Collapse’. In: Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag; 97107.
Anderson, J.M. and Ewen, C.J. (eds.). 1980. Studies in Dependency Phonology. Ludwigsburg Studies in Language and Linguistics 4. Ludwigsburg: R.O.U. Strauch.
Anderson, S. 1966. West Scandinavian Vowel Systems and the Ordering of Phonological Rules. Ph.D. thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology.
Antonsen, E. 1965. ‘On Defining Stages in Prehistoric Germanic’. Language 41 /1: 1936.
Árnason, K. 1980. Quantity in Historical Phonology: Icelandic and Related Cases. Cambridge University Press.
Astruc, L. and Prieto, P.. 2006. ‘Stress and accent: acoustic correlates of metrical prominence in Catalan’. URL: http://prosodia.upf.edu/home/arxiu/publicacions/astruc/astruc_stress-accent-metrical-prominence.pdf
Auer, P. 1993. ‘Is a rhythm-based typology possible? A study of the role of prosody in phonological typology’. KontRI Working Paper No. 21, University Konstanz.
Bately, J. 1980. The Old English Orosius. Early English Text Society, Supplementary Series 6. London: Oxford University Press.
Baugh, A.C. and Cable, T.. 2005. A History of the English Language. Oxford: Routledge.
Bazell, C.E. 1962. ‘Six Questions of Old and Middle English Morphology’. In: Davis, N. and Wrenn, C.L. (eds.). English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. London: George Allen and Unwin; 5162.
Beals, K. et al. (eds.). 1994. CLS 30 (Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society). Volume 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory. Chicago: the Chicago Linguistic Society.
Benediktsson, H. (ed.). 1970a. The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics. Reykjavik: Vísindafélag Íslendinga.
Benediktsson, H. 1970b. ‘Aspects of Historical Phonology’. In: Benediktsson, , H. (ed.). The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics. Reykjavik: Vísindafélag Íslendinga; 87129.
Bennett, J.A.W. and Smithers, G.V. (eds.). 1966. Early Middle English Verse and Prose. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Benskin, M. 1977. ‘Local Archives and Middle English Dialects’. Journal of the Society of Archivists 5 /8: 500514.
Benskin, M. 1982a. ‘The Letters <þ> and <y> in Later Middle English, and Some Related Matters’. Journal of the Society of Archivists 7: 1330.
Benskin, M. 1982b. ‘Marian Verses from a Hedon Manuscript: some new materials for the Middle English dialectology of the East Riding’. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 5: 2758.
Benskin, M. 1989. ‘Some Aspects of Cumbrian English, Mainly Medieval.’ In: Breivik, L.E. et al. (eds.) Essays on English Language in Honour of Bertil Sundby. Oslo: Novus Forlag; 13–46.
Benskin, M. 1991a. ‘The “Fit”-Technique Explained’. In: Riddy, F. (ed.). Regionalism in Late Medieval Manuscripts and Texts. Essays celebrating the publication of a Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English; 9–26. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer; 9–26.
Benskin, M. 1991b. ‘In Reply to Dr. Burton’. Leeds Studies in English. New Series XXII: 209262.
Benskin, M. 1992. ‘Some New Perspectives on the Origins of Standard Written English’. In: van Leuvensteijn, J.A. and Berns, J.B. (eds.). Dialect and Standard Language/Dialekt und Standardsprache in the English, Dutch, German and Norwegian Language Areas. Oxford; 71105.
Benskin, M. 1994. ‘Descriptions of Dialects and Areal Distributions’. In: Laing, M. and Williamson, K. (eds.). Speaking in Our Tongues. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer; 169187.
Benskin, M. 2002. ‘Chancery Standard’. In: Kay, C., Hough, C. and Wotherspoon, I. (eds.). New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics. Selected papers from 12 ICEHL, Glasgow, 21–26 August 2002. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins; 140.
Benskin, M. Forthcoming. ‘A Charm Against Thieves’. Paper on MS, Northamptonshire Record Office, Finch-Hatton 3047.
Benskin, M. and Laing, M.. 1981. ‘Translations and Mischsprachen in Middle English Manuscripts’. In: Benskin, M. and Samuels, M.L. (eds.). So meny people longages and tonges. Privately published; 55106.
Benskin, M. and Samuels, M.L. (eds.). 1981. So meny people longages and tonges: philological essays in Scots and mediaeval English presented to Angus McIntosh. Privately published.
Bermúdez-Otero, R. 1998. ‘Prosodic Optimization: The Middle English Length Adjustment’. English Language and Linguistics 2 /2: 169197.
Berndt, R. 1982. A History of the English Language. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie.
Black, M. 1998. ‘Lollardy, Language Contact and the Great Vowel Shift’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 1 XCIX 1998: 5369.
Blair, Peter H. 1991. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press.
Bloomfield, L. 1926. ‘A Set of Postulates for the Science of Language’. Language 2: 153164.
Boisson, C. 1982. ‘Remarques sur la chronologie interne du grand changement vocalique en anglais’. In: Apports français à la linguistique anglaise. Travaux 35, CIEREC. Université de Saint-Etienne.
Brisard, F. and Meeuwis, M.. 1994. ‘Variability and Code Allocation in Theory Formation on Language Change’. In:Beals, K. et al. (eds.). CLS 30 (Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society). Volume 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory. Chicago: The Chicago Linguistic Society;1326.
Britton, D. 2002. ‘Northern Fronting and the North Lincolnshire Merger of the Reflexes of ME /u:/ and ME /o:/’. Language Sciences 24: 221229.
Britton, D. and Williamson, K.. 2002 (ms.). ‘A review of Northern Fronting and its developments in England and Scotland’. Paper read at the 12th ICEHL, Glasgow, Scotland, 23 August 2002.
Brown, C. (ed.). 1950. English Lyrics of the XIIIth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Brown, C. (ed.). 1952. Religious Lyrics of the XIVth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Burrow, J. (ed.). 1992. English Verse 1300–1500. London: Longman.
Burton, T.L. 1991. ‘On the Current State of Middle English Dialectology’. Leeds Studies in English. New Series XXII: 167208.
Bybee, J. 2001. Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge University Press.
Cabanillas, I. de la Cruz. 1999. ‘Northern Features in The Reeve’s Tale’. In: López, A.B. et al. (eds.). ‘Woonderous Ænglissce’, SELIM Studies in Medieval English Language. Universidade de Vigo; 4350.
Campbell, A. 1959. Old English Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Catford, J.C. 1977. Fundamental Problems in Phonetics. Edinburgh University Press.
Clark Hall, J.R. 1960. A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Cambridge University Press.
Crothers, J. 1978. ‘Typology and Universals of Vowel Systems’. In: Greenberg, J. (ed.). Universals of Human Language: Phonology. Stanford University Press; 93153.
Cruttenden, A. 2014. Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. Abingdon: Routledge.
Cubbin, G.P. 1981. ‘Dialect and Scribal Usage in Medieval Lancashire: A New Approach to Local Documents’. Transactions of the Philological Society 79/1: 67117.
Curzan, A. and Palmer, C.C.. 2006. ‘The Importance of Historical Corpora, Reliability, and Reading’. In: Facchinetti, R. and M. Rissanen (eds.). Corpus-Based Studies of Diachronic English. Bern, New York etc.: Peter Lang; 1734.
Dance, R. 2002. Review of Kristensson 2001. Notes and Queries, September 2002: 398399.
Darby, H.C. and Versey, G.R.. 1975. Domesday Gazetteer. Cambridge University Press.
d’Ardenne, S.R.T.O. 1961 (for 1960). Þe liflade ant te passiun of Seinte Iuliene. Early English Text Society, Original Series 248. London: Oxford University Press.
Dauer, R. 1983. ‘Stress-timing and Syllable-timing Reanalysed’. Journal of Phonetics 11: 5162.
Daunt, M. 1939. ‘Old English Sound-Changes Reconsidered in Relation to Scribal Tradition and Practice’. Transactions of the Philological Society 38/1: 108137.
Davidsen-Nielsen, N. 1972. English Phonetics. Oslo: Gyldendal.
Davis, B.L. et al. 2000. ‘Prosodic Correlates of Stress in Babbling: An Acoustical Study’. Child Development 71 /5: 12581270.
Davis, N. 1968. Review of Kristensson 1967. Notes and Queries 1968, Vol. 15, No. 7: 270272.
Davis, N. and Wrenn, C.L. (eds.). 1962. English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday. London: George Allen and Unwin.
Denison, D. 1999. ‘Slow, Slow, Quick, Quick, Slow: The Dance of Language Change’. In: López, A.B. et al. (eds.). ‘Woonderous Ænglissce’, SELIM Studies in Medieval English Language. Universidade de Vigo; 5164.
Dieth, E. 1932. A Grammar of the Buchan Dialect. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons.
Dinkin, A. and Labov, W.. 2007. ‘Bridging the Gap: Dialect Boundaries and Regional Allegiance in Upstate New York’. Paper read at the Penn Linguistics Colloquium 31, 24 February 2007.
Dobranski, S.B. 2005. Readers and Authorship in Early Modern England. Cambridge University Press.
Dobson, E.J. 1955. ‘Early Modern Standard English’. Transactions of the Philological Society 54:1: 2554.
Dobson, E.J. 1961. Review of Stanley 1960. Notes and Queries 206, Nos. 10, 11, 12.
Dobson, E.J. 1968. English Pronunciation 1500–1700, Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Dobson, E. 1969. ‘Notes on Sound-Change and Phoneme-Theory’. Brno Studies in English, Volume Eight. Brno; 4348.
Donegan, P.J. 1985. On the Natural Phonology of Vowels. New York: Garland.
Donegan, P.J. Unpublished conference paper. ‘The English Vowel Shift: A Typological Perspective’.
Durian, D. and Gordon, M.J.. 2011. ‘What are we talking about when we talk about vowel shifts’. Paper presented at NWAV 40, 30 October 2011, Georgetown University.
Durian, D. 2012. A New Perspective on Vowel Variation across the 19th and 20th Centuries in Columbus, OH. Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University.
Eaton, R. and Koopman, W.. 1987. ‘Introduction’. In: Koopman, et al. 1987; 110.
Eaton, R. et al. (eds.). 1985. Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Ek, K-G. 1972. The Development of OE ȳ̌ and ēo in South-Eastern Middle English. Lund: Gleerup.
Ekwall, E. 1975. A History of Modern English Sounds and Morphology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Eliasson, S. 2010. ‘Kedjeförskjutningen av långa bakre vokaler och svenskans «tionde» vokal’. Studier i svenska språkets historia 11: 127136.
Endresen, R.T. 1988. Fonetikk: ei elementær innføring. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Facchinetti, R. and Rissanen, M.. 2006. Corpus-Based Studies of Diachronic English. Bern, New York etc.: Peter Lang.
Fisiak, J. (ed.) 1997. Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Forster, K. 1981. A Pronouncing Dictionary of English Place-Names. London, Boston and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Frankis, J. 1986. ‘The Great Vowel-Shift and Other Vowel-Shifts’. In: Nixon, G. and Honey, J. (eds.). An Historic Tongue: Studies in English Linguistics in Memory of Barbara Strang. London: Routledge; 133137.
Gimson, A.C. 1970. An introduction to the pronunciation of English. London: E. Arnold.
Gnanadesikan, A.E. 1997. Phonology with ternary scales. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts.
Gordon, M.J. 2000. ‘Tales of the Northern Cities’. American Speech, 75, 4: 412414.
Gordon, M.J. 2001. Small-Town Values and Big-City Vowels: A Study of the Northern Cities Shift in Michigan. Publication of the American Dialect Society. Number 84. Durham: Duke University Press.
Gradon, P. 1962. ‘Studies in Late West-Saxon Labialization and Delabialization’. In: Davis, N. and Wrenn, C.L. (eds.). English and Medieval Studies Presented to J.R.R. Tolkien on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. London: George Allen and Unwin; 6376.
Gradon, P. 1979. The Ayenbite of Inwyt. Vol. II. Early English Text Society, Original Series 278. London: Oxford University Press.
Grossman, R.B. et al. 2010. ‘Lexical and Affective Prosody in Children with High-Functioning Autism’. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 53: 778793.
Guy, G. 1994. ‘The Phonology of Variation’. In: Beals, K. et al. (eds.). CLS 30. Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Volume 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory; 133149.
Hajek, J. 1997. Universals of Sound Change in Nasalization. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hanham, A. 1975. The Cely Letters 1472–1488. Early English Text Society, Original Series 273. London: Oxford University Press.
Hart, J. 1569. An Orthographie, Conteyning the Due Order and Reason, Howe to Write or Paint Thimage of Mannes Voice, Most Like to the Life or Nature. London.
Haugen, E. 1970. ‘The Language History of Scandinavia: A Profile of Problems’. In: Benediktsson, H. (ed.). The Nordic Languages and Modern Linguistics. Reykjavik: Vísindafélag Íslendinga; 4179.
Haugen, E. 1976. The Scandinavian Languages. An Introduction to their History. London: Faber and Faber.
Haugen, E. and Markey, T.L.. 1972. The Scandinavian Languages. Fifty Years of Linguistic Research (1918–1968). The Hague: Mouton.
Heltveit, T. 1953. Studies in English Demonstrative Pronouns. A Contribution to the History of English Morphology. Oslo: Akademisk Forlag.
Hickey, R., Kytö, M., Lancashire, I. and Rissanen, M.. 1997. Tracing the Trail of Time. Proceedings from the Second Diachronic Corpora Workshop. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Hogg, R.M. 1983. ‘The Sound of Words: Some Phonological Influences on English Vocabulary’. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 66 /1; 88104.
Hogg, R.M. 1992. A Grammar of Old English. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hogg, R.M. 1997. ‘Using the Future to Predict the Past: Old English Dialectology in the Light of Middle English Place-Names’. In: Fisiak, J. (ed.). Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 207220.
Holthaus, E. 1885. ‘Beiträge zur Geschichte der englischen Vokale’. Anglia 8: 86144.
Hudson, A. 1969. ‘Review of Kristensson 1967’. The Review of English Studies, XX, 77: 6869.
Hudson, A. 1989. ‘Review of Kristensson 1987’. The Review of English Studies, New Series, XV, 157: 104105.
Hudson, R. 1997. ‘Inherent Variability and Linguistic Theory’. Cognitive Linguistics 8 /1: 73108.
Hunt, T. and Benskin, M. (eds.). 2001. Three Receptaria from Medieval England. The languages of medicine in the fourteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs, New Series XXI. Oxford: Society for the Study of Mediaeval Languages and Literature.
Jespersen, O. 1909 [4th ed. 1928]. A Modern English Grammar, Part I. Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung.
Johannessen, J. et al. (eds.). 2003. På språkjakt – problemer og utfordringer i språkvitenskapelig datainnsamling. Oslo: Unipub.
Johnston, P. A. 1980. A Synchronic and Historical View of Border Area Bimoric Vowel Systems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Edinburgh.
Johnston, P. A. 1992. ‘English Vowel Shifting: One Great Vowel Shift or Two Small Vowel Shifts?Diachronica IX /2: 189226.
Johnston, R.C. 1987. Orthographia Gallica. Anglo-Norman Text Society, Plain Texts Series 5. Oxford: Express Litho Service.
Jones, C. 1989. A History of English Phonology. London: Longman.
Jordan, R. 1968. Handbuch der mittelenglischen Grammatik: Lautlehre. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.
Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). 1988. Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Kitson, P. 1998. ‘Review Article of Kristensson 1995’. NOMINA 21: 169178.
Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). 1987. Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kristensson, G. 1967. A Survey of Middle English Dialects 1290–1350. The Six Northern Counties and Lincolnshire [SMED1]. Lund: CWK Gleerup.
Kristensson, G. 1976. ‘Lay Subsidy Rolls and Dialect Geography’. English Studies 57: 5159.
Kristensson, G. 1987. A Survey of Middle English Dialects 1290–1350: The West Midland Counties [SMED2]. Lund University Press.
Kristensson, G. 1995. A Survey of Middle English Dialects 1290–1350: The East Midland Counties [SMED3]. Lund University Press.
Kristensson, G. 1997. ‘The Old English Anglian/Saxon Boundary Revisited’. In: Fisiak, J. (ed.) Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 271281.
Kristensson, G. 2001. A Survey of Middle English Dialects 1290–1350: The Southern Counties. I. Vowels (except Diphthongs) [SMED4]. Lund University Press.
Kristensson, G. 2002. A Survey of Middle English Dialects 1290–1350: The Southern Counties. II. Diphthongs and Consonants [SMED5]. Lund University Press.
Kuhn, S.M. and Quirk, R.. 1953. ‘Some recent interpretations of Old English digraph spellings’, Language 29. Reprinted in Quirk 1968; 3854.
Kytö, M. and Rissanen, M.. 1997. ‘Introduction. Language analysis and diachronic corpora’. In: Hickey, R., et al. (eds.). Tracing the Trail of Time. Proceedings from the Second Diachronic Corpora Workshop. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 922.
Kytö, M., Rissanen, M. and Wright, S. (eds.). 1994. Corpora Across the Centuries. Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Kökeritz, H. 1932. The Phonology of the Suffolk Dialect. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeri.
Kökeritz, H. 1953. Shakespeare’s Pronunciation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kökeritz, H. 1954. A Guide to Chaucer’s Pronunciation. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Labov, W. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change, Vol. I. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, W. 1996. ‘The Organization of Dialect Diversity in North America’. Paper read at the ICSLP4, the Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing at Philadelphia, 6 October 1996.
Labov, W. 2002. ‘West Germanic vs. North Germanic: insights from the study of chain shifts in progress’. Paper read at the annual meeting of Norsk forening for språkvitenskap, 7 May 2002, University of Oslo.
Labov, W., Yaeger, M., and Steiner, R.. 1972. A Quantitative Study of Sound Change in Progress. Philadelphia: U.S. Regional Survey.
Labov, W., Ash, S. and Boberg, C.. 1997. ‘A National Map of the Regional Dialects of American English’. URL: www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/NationalMap/NationalMap.html
Labov, W., Ash, S., and Boberg, C.. 2006. The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Ladefoged, P. 1962. Elements of Acoustic Phonetics. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd.
Ladefoged, P. 1982. A C5b ourse in phonetics. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Ladefoged, P. 2005 [2nd ed.]. Vowels and Consonants. Malden, Oxford and Carlton: Blackwell.
LAEME, see Laing, M. 2008.
Laing, M. (ed.). 1989. Middle English Dialectology: essays on some principles and problems. Aberdeen University Press.
Laing, M. 1993. Catalogue of Sources for a Linguistic Atlas of Early Medieval English. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
Laing, M. 1994. ‘The Linguistic Analysis of Medieval Vernacular Texts: Two Projects at Edinburgh’. In: Kytö, M. et al. (eds.). Corpora Across the Centuries. Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 121141.
Laing, M. 1995. ‘A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English’. Medieval English Studies Newsletter 33. University of Tokyo; 18.
Laing, M. 1999. ‘Confusion wrs Confounded: Litteral Substitution Sets in Early Middle English Writing Systems’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 100: 251270.
Laing, M. 2000. ‘“Never the Twain Shall Meet”: Early Middle English – the East West divide’. In: Taavitsainen, I. et al. (eds.). Placing Middle English in Context. Topics in English Linguistics Series. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 97124.
Laing, M. 2008. A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English. University of Edinburgh. www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme1/laeme1.html
Laing, M. and Lass, R.. 2003. ‘Tales of the 1001 Nists: The Phonological Implications of Litteral Substitution Sets in Some Thirteenth-Century South-West Midland Texts’. English Language and Linguistics 7.2: 257278.
Laing, M. and Williamson, K.. 1994. Speaking in Our Tongues. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
LALME, see McIntosh, Samuels, Benskin et al. 1986.
Lass, R. 1974. ‘Linguistic Orthogenesis; Scots Vowel Quantity and the English Length Conspiracy’. York Papers in Linguistics 4: 726.
Lass, R. 1976. English Phonology and Phonological Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Lass, R. (ed.). 1969. Approaches to English Historical Linguistics. An Anthology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Lass, R. 1980. On Explaining Language Change. Cambridge University Press.
Lass, R. 1987a. ‘Language, Speakers, History and Drift’. In: Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 151176.
Lass, R. 1987b. ‘On sh*tting the Door in Early Modern English: A Reply to Professor Samuels’. In: Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 251256.
Lass, R. 1988. ‘Vowel Shifts, Great and Otherwise: Remarks on Stockwell and Minkova’. In: Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag; 395410.
Lass, R. 1990. ‘What, if anything, was the Great Vowel Shift?’ Paper read at the Sixth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics; 144155.
Lass, R. 1992. ‘The Early Modern English Short Vowels Noch Einmal, Again’. Diachronica IX /1: 111.
Lass, R. 1997. Historical Linguistics and Language Change. Cambridge University Press.
Lass, R. 2009. ‘On Schwa: Synchronic Prelude and Historical Fugue’. In: Minkova, D. (ed.) Phonological Weakness in English. From Old to Present-Day English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 4777.
Lass, R. and Laing, M.. 2005. ‘Are Front Rounded Vowels Retained in West Midland Middle English?’. In: Ritt, and Schendl, 2005; 280290.
Lass, R. 2010. ‘In Celebration of eEarly Middle English “h”’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 111: 357366.
Lass, R. and Wright, S.. 1985. ‘The South African Chain-Shift: Order Out of Chaos?’ In: Eaton, R. et al. (eds.). Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 137161.
Liebl, C. 2006. ‘The A and O of a medieval English Sound-Change: Prolegomena to a Study of the Origins and Early Geographical Diffusion of /ɑ:/ > /ɔ:/’. In: Ritt, N. et al. (eds.). Medieval English and Its Heritage. Structure, Meaning and Mechanisms of Change. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang; 1935.
Liljencrants, J. and Lindblom, B.. 1972. ‘Numerical Simulation of Vowel Quality Systems: The Role of Perceptual Contrast’. Language, 48, 4: 839862.
Lorentz, O. 1996. ‘Length and Correspondence in Scandinavian’. Nordlyd 24: 111128.
Łubowicz, A. 2011. ‘Ch. 73. Chain Shifts’. In: van Oostendorp, M. et al. (eds.). The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, Vol. III. Oxford: Blackwell 17171735.
Luick, K. 1896. Untersuchungen zur englischen Lautgeschichte. Straßburg: Trübner.
Luick, K. 1899. ‘Über die Diphthongierung van me. ū, ī und verwandte deutsche Erscheinungen’. Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Litteraturen 53 /103: 267277.
Luick, K. 1901. ‘Der Ursprung der neuenglischen AI- und AU-diphthonge’. Englische Studien 29: 405411.
Luick, K. 1912. ‘Über die neuenglische Vokalverschiebung’. Englische Studien 45: 432437.
Luick, K. 1914–1940. Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, Vol. I, Parts 1 and 2. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Luick, K. 1932. ‘Zur neuenglischen Lautgeschichte’. Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen 1932: 8990.
Lutz, A. 2004. ‘The First Push: A Prelude to the Great Vowel Shift’. Anglia, Band 122 (2004) Heft 2: 209224.
Maci, S.M. 2006. ‘The Phonetic Representation of ME ī in Some Norfolk Works of the Late Fifteenth Century’. English Studies, 87, 2, April: 148168.
Majocha, E. 2005. Some early Middle English dialect features in the South-East Midlands; an onomastic study. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Edinburgh.
Majors, T. and Gordon, M.J.. 2008. ‘The [+spread] of the Northern Cities Shift’. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. Volume 14, Issue 2. Selected Papers from NWAV 36: 111120.
Malsch, D.L. and Fulcher, R.. 1975. ‘Tensing and Syllabication in Middle English’. Language, 51, 2: 303314.
Markus, M. 1994. ‘The concept of ICAMET (Innsbruck Computer Archive of Middle English Texts). In: Kytö, M. et al. (eds.). Corpora Across the Centuries. Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 4152.
Martín, M.A. 2002. ‘Old English <eo> in Middle Kentish Place-Names’. In: SELIM no. 10 2000: 5575.
Martinet, A. 1952. ‘Function, Structure, and Sound Change’. Word 8: 132.
Martinet, A. 1955. Économie des changements phonétiques: traité de phonologie diachronique. Bern: A. Francke.
McCarthy, C. 2010a. ‘The Northern Cities Shift in Real Time: Evidence from Chicago’. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. Volume 15, Issue 2. Selected papers from NWAV 37: 101110.
McCarthy, C. 2010b. ‘The Northern Cities Shift in Chicago’. Journal of English Linguistics XX (X): 122.
McClure, P. 1973. ‘Lay Subsidy Rolls and Dialect Phonology’. In: Sandgren, F. (ed.). Otium et Negotium. Studies in Onomatology and Library Science presented to Olof von Feilitzen. Acta Bibliothecae Regiae Stockholmiensis XVI; 188194.
McEnery, T. and Wilson, A.. 2001 [2nd ed.]. Corpus Linguistics. An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McIntosh, A. 1956. ‘The Analysis of Written Middle English’. Transactions of the Philological Society: 2655.
McIntosh, A. 1963. ‘A New Approach to Middle English Dialectology’. English Studies 44: 111.
McIntosh, A. 1969. ‘Review article of Kristensson 1967’. Medium Ævum 38 /2: 210–16.
McIntosh, A., Samuels, M.L., Benskin, M. et al. 1986. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, Vols. I-IV. Aberdeen University Press.
McMahon, A. 1994. Understanding Language Change. Cambridge University Press.
McMahon, A. 2000. Lexical Phonology and the history of English. Cambridge University Press.
Meurman-Solin, A. 1997. ‘Text Profiles in the Study of Language Variation and Change’. In: Hickey, R. et al. (eds.). Tracing the Trail of Time. Proceedings from the Second Diachronic Corpora Workshop. Amsterdam: Rodopi 199214.
Minkova, D. 1982. ‘The Environment for Open Syllable Lengthening in Middle English’. Folia Linguistica Historica III /1: 2958.
Minkova, D. 1985. ‘Of Rhyme and Reason: Some Foot-Governed Quantity Changes in English’. In: Eaton, R. et al. (eds.). Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins; 163178.
Minkova, D. 1987. ‘The Trajectory Constraint and “Irregular” Rhymes in Middle English’. Review article. Folia Linguistica Historica VIII /1–2: 481501.
Minkova, D. 1997. ‘Constraint Ranking in Middle English Stress-Shifting’. English Language and Linguistics 1 /1: 135175.
Minkova, D. 2014. A Historical Phonology of English. Edinburgh University Press.
Mitchell, A.G. and Delbridge, A.. 1965. The Pronunciation of English in Australia. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
Moore, S., Meech, S.B. and Whitehall, H.. 1935. ‘Middle English Dialect Characteristics and Dialect Boundaries’. Essays and Studies in English and Comparative Literature, Vol. 13. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 160.
Mossé, F. 1945. Manuel de l’anglais du Moyen-Âge, I. Vieil-anglais. Paris: Aubier.
Nevanlinna, S. 1999. Review Article of Kristensson 1995. Studia Neophilologica 71: 253256.
Ogura, M., Wang, W.S-Y. and Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.. 1991. ‘The Development of Middle English ī in England: a Study in Dynamic Dialectology’. In: Eckert, P. (ed.). New Ways of Analyzing Sound Change. New York: Academic Press; 63106.
Ogura, M. 1990. Dynamic Dialectology. A Study of Language in Time and Space. Tokyo: Kenkyusha.
Ogura, M. 1995. ‘The Development of Middle English ī and ū: A reply to Labov (1992, 1994)’. Diachronica 12: 3153.
Ortega-Llebaria, M. and Prieto, P.. 2010. ‘Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Central Catalan and Castilian Spanish’. Language and Speech 54 /1: 7397.
Orton, H. 1933. The Phonology of a South Durham Dialect. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co.
Orton, H. and Dieth, E.. 1962. The Survey of English Dialects. Leeds: Arnold.
van Oostendorp, M. et al. (eds.). 2011. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, Vol. III. Oxford: Blackwell.
Peacock, R.B. 1869. A Glossary of the Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale, North and South of the Sands, in the County of Lancaster. Asher & Co. for the Philological Society.
Peeters, W.J.M. 1991. Diphthong Dynamics. Doctoral dissertation, the University of Utrecht. Kampen: Mondiss.
Pelt, J. 1980. ‘Vowel Shift and Open Syllable Lengthening: A Length Conspiracy in Dutch’. In: Anderson, J.M. and C.J. Ewen (eds.). Studies in Dependency Phonology. Ludwigsburg Studies in Language and Linguistics 4. Ludwigsburg: R.O.U. Strauch; 61101.
Penzl, H. 1957. ‘The Evidence for Phonemic Change’. In: Pulgram, E. (ed.) Studies Presented to Joshua Whatmough on His Sixtieth Birthday. The Hague: Mouton; 193208.
Phillips, B.S. 1997. ‘The Peterborough Chronicle diphthongs.’ In: Fisiak, J. (ed.) Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 429438.
Phillips, B. 2006a. Word Frequency and Lexical Diffusion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Phillips, B. 2006b. ‘Word Frequency Effects in the Great Vowel Shift’. Paper read at the 14th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, Bergamo, Italy, 21–25 August 2006.
Pilch, H. 1997. ‘Middle English Phonetics: A systematic survey including notes on Irish and Welsh Loanwords.’ In: Fisiak, J. (ed.) Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 437467.
Pope, M.K. 1934. From Latin to Modern French With Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Manchester University Press.
Prins, A.A. 1942a. ‘A Few Early Examples of the Great Vowel Shift’. Neophilologus 27: 134137.
Prins, A.A. 1942b. ‘The Great Vowel Shift Reconsidered’. English Studies 24: 161168.
Prins, A.A. 1972. A History of English Phonemes. Leiden University Press.
Prokosch, E. 1939. A Comparative Germanic Grammar. Yale University: the Linguistic Society of America.
Quirk, R. 1968. Essays on the English Language, Medieval and Modern. London and Harlow: Longmans.
Raumolin-Brunberg, H. 2006. ‘Leaders of Linguistic Change in Early Modern England’. In: Facchinetti, R. and M. Rissanen (eds.). Corpus-Based Studies of Diachronic English. Bern, New York etc.: Peter Lang; 115134.
van Reenen, P. and Wijnands, A.. 1989. ‘Early Diphthongizations of Palatalized West Germanic [u:]. The Spelling uy in Middle Dutch’. In: Aertsen, H. and Jeffers, R.J. (eds.) 1993. Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 389415.
Ringgaard, K. 1982. ‘On the Problem of Merger’. In: Maher, J.P. et al. (eds.). Papers from the 3rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 387395.
Rissanen, M. 1994. ‘The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts’. In: Kytö, M. et al. (eds.). Corpora Across the Centuries. Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi; 7379.
Ritt, N. 1994. Quantity Adjustment. Vowel Lengthening and Shortening in Early Middle English. Cambridge University Press.
Ritt, N. and Schendl, H. (eds.). 2005. Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Ritt, N. et al. (eds.). 2006. Medieval English and Its Heritage. Structure, Meaning and Mechanisms of Change. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Samuels, B.D. 2006. Nothing to Lose but Their Chains: Rethinking Vocalic Chain Shifting. Unpublished BA thesis, Harvard University.
Samuels, M.L. 1963. ‘Some Applications of Middle English Dialectology’. English Studies 44: 8194. Reprinted in Lass 1969: 404–418.
Samuels, M.L. 1971. ‘Kent and the Low Countries: Some Linguistic Evidence’. In: Aitken, A.J., McIntosh, A. and Pálsson, H. (eds.). Edinburgh Studies in English and Scots. London: Longman; 319.
Samuels, M.L. 1972. Linguistic Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
Samuels, M.L. 1985. ‘The Great Scandinavian Belt’. In: Eaton, R. et al. (eds.). Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, Amsterdam, 10–13 April 1985. Amsterdam: Benjamins; 269281. Reprinted in Laing 1989: 106–115.
Samuels, M.L. 1987a. ‘The Status of the Functional Approach’. In: Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 239250.
Samuels, M.L. 1987b. ‘A Brief Rejoinder to Professor Lass’. In: Koopman, W. et al. (eds.). Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 257258.
Schane, S.A. 1990. ‘Lowered Height, Laxness, and Retracted Tongue Root: Different Manifestations of Phonological aperture. Word 41 /1: 116.
Schlemilch, W. 1914. Beiträge zur Sprache und Orthographie spätaltenglischer Sprachdenkmäler der Übergangszeit. Halle: Niemeyer.
Sievers, E. 1850. Grundzüge der Phonetik: Zur Einführung in das Studium der Lautlehre der indogermanischen Sprachen. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Hartel.
Sievers, E. and Brunner, K. (rev.). 1942. Altenglische Grammatik. Halle/Saale: Max Niemeyer.
Sievers, E. and Cook, A. (transl. and rev.). 1968. An Old English Grammar. New York: Greenwood.
Sisam, K. 1962. Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Sivertsen, E. 1960. Cockney Phonology. Oslo University Press.
Skauptrup, P. 1944–70. Det danske sprogs historie. København: Gyldendal.
Smith, J.J. 1993. ‘Dialectal Variation in Middle English and the Actuation of the Great Vowel Shift’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen XCIV /3–4: 259277.
Smith, J.J. 1994. ‘The Great Vowel Shift in the North of England, and Some Spellings in Manuscripts of Chaucer’s Reeve’s Tale’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 95: 433437.
Smith, J.J. 1996. An Historical Study of English. London: Routledge.
Smith, J.J. 2006. ‘Phonaesthesia, Ablaut and the history of the English demonstratives’. In: Ritt, et al. 2006: 117.
Smith, J.J. 2007. Sound Change and the History of English. Oxford University Press.
Smithers, G.V. 1952 and 1957. Kyng Alisaunder. Early English Text Society, Original Series 227 and 237. London: Oxford University Press.
Stanley, E.G. 1960. The Owl and the Nightingale. Nelson’s Medieval and Renaissance Library. London.
Stanley, E.G. 1972. The Owl and the Nightingale. Manchester University Press.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 1996. The Great Vowel Shift: Problems of Reification and Analysis. Unpublished Cand.Philol. thesis. University of Oslo.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 1999. ‘A Reassessment of the Chronology and Regional Spread of Certain English Long-Vowel Changes, ca. 1250–1500’. In: López, A.B. et al. (eds.). ‘Woonderous Ænglissce’. SELIM Studies in Medieval English Language. Universidade de Vigo: Servicio de Publicacións; 161174.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 2003a. ‘On the Interpretion of Early Evidence for ME Vowel-Change’. In: Blake, B. and Burridge, K. (eds.). Historical Linguistics 2001. Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Melbourne, 13–17 August 2001. John Benjamins; 403415.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 2003b. ‘On the inception and spread of early ME ā > ǭ – some observations’. Paper read at the 1st International Conference on English Historical Dialectology, Bergamo, 4–6 September 2003.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 2009. ‘An investigation into the development of OE ō and lengthened y in Middle English.’ Paper read at the Historical Language and Literacy in the North Sea Area conference, Stavanger, 26–28 August 2009.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 2010. The Chronology and Regional Spread of Long-Vowel Changes in English, c. 1150–1500. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oslo.
Stenbrenden, G.F. 2013. ‘The Diphthongisation of ME ū: the Spelling Evidence’. In: Andersen, G. and Bech, K. (eds.) English Corpus Linguistics: Variation in Time, Space and Genre: Selected Papers from Icame 32 (Language & Computers). Rodopi; 5367.
Stenroos, M. 2005. ‘Spelling Conventions and Rounded Front Vowels in the Poems of William Herebert.’ In: Ritt, N. and H. Schendl (eds.). Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang; 291308.
Steponavičius, A. 1997. ‘Middle (and Old) English Prerequisites for the Great Vowel Shift’. In: Fisiak, J. (ed.) Studies in Middle English Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter; 561572.
Steponavičius, A. 2005. ‘The Great Vowel Shift as a Paradigmatic Restructuring of the Late ME Vowel System’. In: Ritt, N. and Schendl, H. (eds.). Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches. Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang; 309316.
Stockwell, R.P. 1952. Chaucerian Graphemics and Phonemics: A Study in Historical Methodology. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Virginia.
Stockwell, R.P. 1960. ‘The Middle English “Long Close” and “Long Open” Mid Vowels’. In: University of Texas Studies in Literature and Language 2: 529538.
Stockwell, R.P. 1964. ‘On the Utility of an Overall Pattern in Historical English Phonology’. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists. The Hague: Mouton; 663671.
Stockwell, R.P. 1972. ‘Problems in the Interpretation of the Great English Vowel Shift’. In: Smith, M.E. (ed.) 1972. Studies in Linguistics in Honor of George L. Trager; 344–362. The Hague: Mouton.
Stockwell, R.P. 1978. ‘Perseverance in the English Vowel Shift’. In: Fisiak, J. (ed.) 1978. Recent Developments in Historical Phonology. The Hague: Mouton; 337348.
Stockwell, R.P. 1985. ‘Assessment of Alternative Explanations of the Middle English Phenomenon of High Vowel Lowering when Lengthened in the Open Syllable’. In: Eaton, R. et al. (eds.). Papers from the 4th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins; 303318.
Stockwell, R.P. 2006. ‘The Status of Late Middle English <ei> Spellings as Early Evidence of the English Vowel Shift’. In: Schaefer, U. (ed.). The Beginnings of Standardization: Language and Culture in Fourteenth-Century England. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang; 175180.
Stockwell, R.P. and Minkova, D.. 1988a. ‘The English Vowel Shift: problems of coherence and explanation’. In: Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag; 355394.
Stockwell, R.P. 1988b. ‘A Rejoinder to Lass’. In: Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag; 411417.
Stockwell, R.P. 1990. ‘The Early Modern English Vowels, More o’ Lass’. Diachronica VII /2: 199213.
Stockwell, R.P. 1997. ‘On Drifts and Shifts’. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia XXXI: 283303.
Strang, B. 1970. A History of English. London: Methuen.
Strang, B. 1980. ‘The ecology of the English monosyllable’. In: Greenbaum, S. et al. (eds.). Studies in English linguistics for Randolph Quirk. London: Longman; 277293.
Stürzinger, J. 1884. Orthographia Gallica. Ältester Traktat über französische Aussprache und Orthographie nach vier Handschriften zum ersten Mal hrsg. Altfranzösische Bibliothek, 8. volume. Heilbronn: Henninger.
Sundby, G. 1963. Studies in the Middle English Dialect Material of Worcestershire Records. Bergen and Oslo: Norwegian Universities Press.
Sweet, H. 1888. A History of English Sounds. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Sweet, H. 1953. Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Primer. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Söderholm, T. 1970. The End-Rhymes of Marvell, Cowley, Crashaw, Lovelace and Vaughan. Acta Academiae Aboensis, Ser. A, Vol. 39, nr. 2. Ekenäs.
Torp, A. and Vikør, L.S.. 1993. Hovuddrag i norsk språkhistorie. Ad Notam Gyldendal.
Versloot, A.P. 2008. Mechanisms of Language Change: Vowel Reduction in 15th Century West Frisian. Utrecht: LOT.
Wallenberg, J.K. 1931. Kentish Place-Names. A Topographical and Etymological Study of the Place-Name Material in Kentish Charters Dated before the Conquest. Uppsala: A.-B. Lundequistska Bokhandeln.
Wallenberg, J.K. 1934. The Place-Names of Kent. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeriaktiebolag.
Weinreich, U., Labov, W., and Herzog, M.I.. 1968. ‘Empirical Foundations for a Theory of Language Change’. In: Lehmann, W.P. and Malkiel, Y. (eds.). Directions for Historical Linguistics: A Symposium. Austin and London: University of Texas Press; 95195.
Wells, J.C. 1982. Accents of English I. An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Weƚna, J. 1988. ‘Historische Grammatik and Middle English diphthongal systems.’ In: Kastovsky, D. et al. (eds.). Luick Revisited. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag; 419433.
Weƚna, J. 2004. ‘Middle English ē-Raising: a Prelude to the Great Vowel Shift’. Studia Anglica Posnanienska 40: 7583.
Western, A. 1912. ‘Über die neuenglische Vokalverschiebung’. Englische Studien 45: 18.
Whitehall, H. 1935. ‘Some Fifteenth-Century Spellings From the Nottingham Records’. In: Essays and Studies in English and Comparative Literature; 61–71. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Widén, B. 1949. Studies on the Dorset Dialect. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.
Williamson, K. 2006 (ms.). ‘Further reflections on the outcomes of Northern Fronting in Older Scots’. Paper read at 14 ICEHL, University of Bergamo, 21–25 August, 2006.
Winters, M.E. 1997. ‘Kurylowicz, Analogical Change, and Cognitive Grammar’. Cognitive Linguistics 8 /4: 359386.
Wolfe, P.M. 1972. Linguistic Change and the Great Vowel Shift in English. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wrenn, C.L. 1943. ‘The Value of Spelling as Evidence’. Transactions of the Philological Society: 1439.
Wright, J. 1905. The English Dialect Grammar. Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York and Toronto: Henry Frowde.
Wright, J. 1924. An Elementary Historical New English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Wright, J. and Wright, E.M.. 1925. Old English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Wright, J. 1928. An Elementary Middle English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Wright, L. 1996. Sources of London English: medieval Thames vocabulary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Wyld, H.C. 1913–14a. ‘The Treatment of OE. ȳ̆ in the Dialects of the Midland, and SE. Counties, in ME’. Englische Studien 47: 158.
Wyld, H.C. 1913–14b. ‘Old English ȳ̆ in the Dialects of the South, and South Western Counties in Middle English.’ Englische Studien 47: 145166.
Wyld, H.C. 1927. A Short History of English. Third edition. London: John Murray.
Wyld, H.C. 1936. A History of Modern Colloquial English. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Zachrisson, R.E. 1913. Pronunciation of English Vowels 1400–1700. Göteborg: Wald. Zachrissons Boktryckeri.
Zachrisson, R.E. 1970. The English Pronunciation at Shakespeare’s Time as Taught by William Bullokar: With word-lists from all his works. New York: AMS Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.