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5 - Cell structural modifications in insects at low temperatures

from PART I - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2010

By
Vladimír Koštál
Edited by
David L. Denlinger  and
Richard E. Lee, Jr
David L. Denlinger
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Richard E. Lee, Jr
Affiliation:
Miami University
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Summary

Introduction

Cells of poikilotherm organisms are subjected to a whole range of variation in environmental temperature and have evolved powerful responses to cope with daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations (Lee, 1991). This chapter deals with the acclimatory changes of the basic cell structural components, such as biological membranes, cytoskeleton, organelles (mitochondria) and large (nucleo) protein complexes, which were observed in preparation for, or in a direct response to, a decline in environmental temperature in insects. The main focus will be on biological membranes because this information is by far the most complete, and the situation in insects may be compared to knowledge on fish and other poikilotherms (Cossins and Sinensky, 1984; Cossins, 1994; Hazel, 1989; 1995; Hazel and Williams, 1990).

Considering the adaptive meaning of acclimatory responses, two broad categories can be theoretically distinguished: (i) compensation of physiological function (capacity adaptation) and (ii) preservation of biological structure (resistance adaptation) (Cossins and Bowler, 1987). Some insects inhabiting temperate zones remain fully active in buffered microhabitats throughout the cold season (Aitchison, 1979a, b), and such insects probably need a certain level of physiological compensation. Most species, however, spend winter in dormancy (Koštál et al., 2006), and those insects probably have to rely more on resistance mechanisms. Strong resistance mechanisms can be expected in those insects that undergo freezing or dehydration, sometimes reaching the cryptobiotic state (sensu Clegg, 2001).

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Low Temperature Biology of Insects , pp. 116 - 140
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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