The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression
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Plates 43, 44, 45
Plate 43: To study the movements, lines, and skin folds produced by the isolated action of m. depressor anguli oris compared with the opposite side, which is in repose, in an old man (also shown in Plates 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, and 39). On the right, strong electrical contraction of m. depressor anguli oris: disgust. On the left, a relaxed expression.
Plate 44: To study the expressive qualities of maximally contracting both mm. depressor anguli oris in the same subject.
Very strong electrical contraction of mm. depressor anguli oris: disgust.
Plate 45: To study the combined contraction of mm. depressor anguli oris and mm. corrugator supercilii, in the same individual.
Strong electrical contraction of mm. depressor anguli oris and of mm. corrugator supercilii: pain and despair.
Further notes on these plates
Technical details
The localized electrical stimulation of m. depressor anguli oris (M, Plate 1) is performed by positioning the electrodes, as in Plates 43, 44, and 45, over the muscle (2 cm inferior and 1 cm lateral to the angle of the mouth). If the current is so intense as to traverse the thickness of this muscle, it can reach the motor branch that supplies m. mentalis, m. depressor labii inferioris, and m. orbicularis oris, and consequently stimulate all these muscles at once.
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