This chapter provides an overview of the impact of migration on children and the family, especially as childhood is socially constructed and culturally influenced. In considering child mental health, parenting and how this can be affected by migration is considered. It is well recognised that parenting and family life are significant factors in child mental health. Preschool children who experience trauma or separation may respond by showing the problems of anxious attachment. School-aged children may become withdrawn while adolescents may show destructive behaviour. The conceptualisation of mental health varies from culture to culture and factors other than culture (for example, education and socio-economic factors) may also influence the understanding of mental health and/or illness. Uncertainty about residency status can bring about its own stress. Children who are asylum seekers or refugees may suffer from conflict exposure prior to migration which is then compounded by the asylum process.