Modelling and Managing the Depressive Disorders
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The 109-item temperament and personality (T&P) measure assesses both personality characteristics (8 subscales) and disordered functioning (2 subscales). Items for assessing T&P were selected from a larger item pool and, were included only if their factor loadings were high and after consideration of their clinical usefulness as ‘markers’ of that particular construct.
Each item of the T&P measure is rated on a 4-point scale where ‘not true at all’ is assigned a rating of 1; ‘slightly true’, 2; ‘moderately true’, 3; and ‘very true’, 4. To obtain judgements about trait characteristics, subjects are asked to tick the rating option ‘that best describes the way you usually or generally feel or behave’ (over the years and not just recently). Subscale scores for each of the 8 T&P dimensions are derived by summing the relevant items for that subscale and compared against a set of norms. The 8 subscales are as following:
(i) Anxious worrying (8 items)
(ii) Perfectionism (8 items)
(iii) Personal reserve (8 items)
(iv) Irritability (8 items)
(v) Social avoidance (7 items)
(vi) Sensitivity to rejection (7 items)
(vii) Self-criticism (8 items)
(viii) Self-focused (7 items).
Psychometric properties of the measure have been established in a number of studies on samples including general practice attenders, psychiatric outpatients suffering from a depressive disorder, and a web-based community survey of ‘ever depressed’ participants.
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