Secondary Sources
Ahmad, Feroz (1969). The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908–1912. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ahmad, Feroz (1977). The Turkish Experiment in Democracy 1950–1975. London: C. Hurst for the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
Ahmad, Feroz (1993). The Making of Modern Turkey. London and New York: Routledge.
Ahmad, Feroz (2008). ‘Politics and Political Parties in Republican Turkey’, in Kasaba, Reşat (ed.) The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 226–65.
Ahmad, Kamal Madhar (1994). Kurdistan During the First World War. Translated by Ibrahim, Ali Maher. London: Saqi.
Akçam, Taner (2012). The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Aktan, Reşat (1966). ‘Problems of Land Reform in Turkey’. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 20(3), pp. 317–34.
Alakom, Rohat (1998). Hoybûn Örgütü ve Ağrı Ayaklanması. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
Anderson, Benedict (1983). Imagined Communities. London: Verso.
Aras, İlhami (1992). Adım Şeyh Said. Istanbul: İlke Yayıncılık.
Arfa, Hasan (1966). The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study. London: Oxford University Press.
Armstrong, John (1982). Nations before Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Arslan, Ali (2004). Kısır Döngü-Türkiye’de Üniversite ve Siyaset. Istanbul: Truva Yayınlar.
Arslan, Rıfkı (1992). Diyarbakır’da Toprakta Mülkiyet Rejimleri ve Toplumsal Değişme. Diyarbakır: Tanıtma Kültür ve Yardımlaşma Vakfı.
Aydın, Delal (2014). ‘Mobilising the Kurds in Turkey: Newroz as a Myth’, in Gunes, Cengiz and Zeydanlıoğlu, Welat (eds.) The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation, and Reconciliation. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 69–88.
Aydın, Suavi and Verheij, Jelle (2012). ‘Confusion in the Cauldron: Some Notes on Ethno-religious Groups, Local Powers and the Ottoman State in Diyarbekir Province, 1800–1870’, in Jongerden, Joost and Verheij, Jelle (eds.) Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915. Leiden: Brill, pp. 15–55.
Aydın, Zülküf (1986). Underdevelopment and Rural Structures in Southeastern Anatolia: The Household Economy in Gisgis and Kalhana. London: Ithaca Press & University of Durham.
Aydın, Zülküf (2005). The Political Economy of Turkey. London: Pluto Press.
Aytar, Osman (1991). Kürdün ‘Makus Talih’i ve ‘Güneydoğu’ Anadolu Projesi (Sorunlar ve Gerçekler). Istanbul: Medya Güneşi Yayınları.
Aytar, Osman (2000). Hamidiye Alaylarından Köy Koruculuğuna. Istanbul: Peri Yayınları.
Baer, Gabriel (1966). ‘The Evolution of Private Landownership in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent’, in Issawi, Charles (ed.) The Economic History of the Middle East, 1800–1914: A Book of Readings. Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 80–90.
Bahcheli, Tozun and Noel, Sid (2011). ‘The Justice and Development Party and the Kurdish Question’, in Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost (eds.) Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism, and the Kurdish Issue. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 101–20.
Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2013). ‘Early Kurdish “Nationalists” and The Emergence of Modern Kurdish Identity Politics: 1851 to 1908’, in Bilgin, Fevzi and Sarıhan, Ali (eds.) Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Question. Plymouth: Lexington Books, pp. 3–28.
Banaji, Jairus (2010). Theory as History: Essays on Modes of Production and Exploitation. Leiden: Brill.
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi (1955–6). ‘Osmanlı Bütçeleri’. İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, XVII, pp. 193–347.
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi (1957). ‘Essai sur les données statistique des registres de recensement dans l’empire Ottoman au XVe et XVIe siécles’. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1(1), pp. 9–36.
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi (1970). ‘Research on the Ottoman Fiscal Studies’, in Cook, Michael Allen (ed.), Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 163–71.
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi (1975). ‘The Price Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. A Turning Point in the History of the Near East’. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 6(1), pp. 3–28.
Barkan, Ömer Lütfi (2000). Osmanlı Devleti’nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi: Osmanlı Devlet Arşivleri Üzerinde Tetkikler ve Makaleler. 2 vols. Özdeğer, Hüseyin (ed.). Istanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi.
Barkey, Henri J. (1990). The State and Industrialisation Crisis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Barkey, Henri J. and Fuller, Graham E. (1998). Turkey’s Kurdish Question. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Barlas, Dilek (1998). Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey: Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncertain World, 1929. Leiden: Brill.
Batatu, Hanna (1978). The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq’s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Communists, Ba’athists, and Free Officers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Bauer, Martin (2000). ‘Classical Content Analysis: A Review’, in Bauer, M. W. and Gaskell, G. (eds.) Qualitative Researching with Texts, Image, and Sound: A Practical Handbook London: SAGE, pp. 131–51.
Baykara, Tuncer (1988). Anadolu’nun Tarihi Çoğrafyasına Giriş. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Ensitüsü.
Bayrak, Mehmet (1999). Kürt Sorunu ve Demokratik Çözüm. Wupertal: Öz-Ge Yayınları.
Bedirkhan, Kamuran Ali (1958). La question Kurde. Paris: np.
Beşikçi, İsmail ([1969] 1992). Doğu Anadolu’nun Düzeni: Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Etnik Temelleri. 2 vols. 3rd ed. Ankara: Yurt Kitap Yayınları.
Beşikçi, İsmail (1969). Doğu’da Değişim ve Yapısal Sorunlar (Göçebe Alikan Aşireti). Ankara: Sevinç Matbası.
Beşikçi, İsmail (1977). ‘Türk-tarih tezi’, ‘Güneş-dil teorisi’ ve Kürt Sorunu. Ankara: Komal Yayınları.
Beşikçi, İsmail ([1990] 2004). International Colony Kurdistan. London: Taderon Press.
Beşikçi, İsmail (1990). Tunceli Kanunu (1935) ve Dersim Jenosidi. Istanbul: Belge Yayınları.
Beşikçi, İsmail (1991). Kürtlerin Mecburi İskânı. Ankara: Yurt Kitap Yayınları.
Beşikçi, İsmail (1992). Doğu Mitingleri’nin Analizi. Ankara: Yurt Kitap Yayınları.
Bildirici, Melike and Kayıkçı, Fazıl (2012). ‘Global Imbalances in Current Account Balances’. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 2(6), pp. 83–93.
Bill, J. A. and Springboard, Robert (1990). Politics in the Middle East. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Bloxham, Donald (2008). Genocide, the World Wars and the Unweaving of Europe. London: Vallentine Mitchell and Co.
Bois, Thomas (1966). The Kurds. Beirut: Khayats.
Bookman, Milicia Zarkovic (1997). The Demographic Struggle for Power: The Political Economy of Demographic Engineering in the Modern World. London: Frank Cass.
Boran, Behice (1974). Türkiye ve Sosyalizm Sorunları. Istanbul: Tekin Yayınevi.
Boratav, Korkut (1981). ‘Kemalist Economic Policies and Etatism’, in Kazancıgil, Ali and Özbudun, Ergün (eds.) Atatürk: Founder of a Modern State. London: Hurst and Company, pp. 165–90.
Boratav, Korkut (1982). Türkiye’de Devletçilik. Ankara: Savaş Yayınları.
Boratav, Korkut (1990). ‘Inter-class and Intra-class Relations and Distribution under “Structural Adjustment”: Turkey during the 1980s’, in Aricanli, Torsun and Rodrik, Dani (eds.), The Political Economy of Turkey. Debt, Adjustment and Sustainability. London: Macmillan, pp. 199–229.
Boratav, Korkut (2003). Türkiye İktisat Tarihi, 1908–2002. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
Boratav, Korkut, Yeldan, A. E. and Köse, A. H. (2000). Globalization, Distribution and Social Policy: Turkey, 1980–1998, Centre for Economic Policy Analysis, Working Paper Series I, Working Paper No. 20.
Bozarslan, Hamit (1996). ‘Political Crisis and the Kurdish Issue in Turkey’, in Olson, Robert (ed.) The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: Its Impact on Turkey and the Middle East. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, pp. 135–53.
Bozarslan, Hamit (2003a). ‘Kurdish Nationalism in Turkey: From Tacit Contract to Rebellion (1919–1925)’, in Vali, Abbas (ed.) Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, pp. 163–90.
Bozarslan, Hamit (2003b). ‘Some Remarks on Kurdish Histiographical Discourse in Turkey (1919–1980)’, in Vali, Abbas (ed.) Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. California: Mazda Publishers, pp. 14–39.
Bozarslan, Hamit (2006). ‘Tribal Asabiya and Kurdish Politics: A Socio-historical Perspective’, in Jabar, Faleh A. and Dawod, Hosham (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, pp. 130–47.
Bozarslan, Hamit (2008). ‘Kurds and the Turkish State’, in Kasaba, Reşat (ed.) The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 333–56.
Bozarslan, Mehmet Emin ([1966] 2002). Doğu’nun Sorunları. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
Bozarslan, Mehmet Emin (1990). ‘Foreword’, in Şerefname: Kürt Tarihi. Istanbul: Hasat Yayınları.
Brant, James (1836). ‘Journey through a Part of Armenia and Asia Minor in the Year 1835’. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 6, pp. 187–223.
Brown, L. Carl (1996). ‘The Background: An Introduction’, in Brown, L. Carl (ed.) Imperial Legacy: The Ottoman Imprint on the Balkans and the Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. xiii–16.
Bulut, Faik (1998). Kürt Sorununda Çözüm Arayışları. Istanbul: Ozan Yayınlar.
Bulutay, Tuncer and Taştı, Enver (2004). ‘Informal Sector in the Turkish Labour Market’, Discussion Papers 2004/22. Ankara: Turkish Economic Association.
Burkay, Kemal ([1992] 2008). Geçmişten Bügüne Kürtler ve Kürdistan: Coğrafya-Tarih-Edebiyat, 4th ed. Diyarbakır: DENG Yayınları.
Burkay, Kemal (1995). Seçme Yazılar-1. Istanbul: DENG Yayınları.
Çağaptay, Soner (2006). ‘Passage to Turkishness: Immigration and Religion in Modern Turkey’, in Gülalp, Haldun (ed.) Citizenship and Ethnic Conflict: Challenging the Nation-State. London: Routledge, pp. 61–151.
Çandar, Cengiz (2012). ‘Leaving the Mountain’: How May the PKK Lay Down Arms? Freeing the Kurdish Question from Violence. Istanbul: TESEV Publications.
Çandar, Cengiz (2013). ‘On Turkey’s Kurdish Question: Its Roots, Present State, and Prospects’, in Bilgin, Fevzi and Sarıhan, Ali (eds.) Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Question. Plymouth: Lexington Books, pp. 59–72.
Çarkoğlu, Ali and Eder, Mine (2005). ‘Developmentalism alla Turca: The Southeastern Anatolia Development Project (GAP)’ in Adaman, Fikret and Arsel, Murat (eds.), Environmentalism in Turkey: Between Democracy and Development?. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers. pp. 167–84.
Celil, Celilê (1992). XIX. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Kürtler. Translated by Demir, Mehmet. Ankara: Öz-Ge Yayınları.
Cezar, Yavuz (1986). Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım ve Değisim Dönemi: XVIII.yy dan Tanzimat’a Mali Tarih. İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
Chaliand, Gerard (1993). People without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Zed Press.
Charountaki, Marianna (2012). ‘Turkish Foreign Policy and the Kurdistan Regional Government’. Perceptions, 17(4), pp. 185–208.
Chen, Marther Alter (2005). ‘Rethinking the Informal Economy’. Research Papers, 10. Helsinki: United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economic Research. 7.
Çiçek, Cuma (2014). ‘Elimination or Integration of Pro-Kurdish Politics: Limits of the AKP’s Democratic Initiative’, in Gunes, Cengiz and Zeydanlıoğlu, Welat (eds.) The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation, and Reconciliation. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 245–57.
Clark, Logan, Cooper, C., Gardner, G., Flore, E. Le, Leguía, J., Marge, M., Padilla, C. M., Rosalsky, G., Umaira, W. and Lizama, C. Z. (2012). The External Current Account in the Macroeconomic Adjustment Process in Turkey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Woodrow Wilson School Policy Publication. Online: www.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/content/other/591b-Final_Report_PRINT_merged.pdf (Last accessed: 1 August 2016).
Cuinet, Vital (1890). La Turquie d’Asie: Géographie Administrative, Statistique, Descriptive et raisonnée de chaque Province de l’Asie-Mineure. 4 vols. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
Cumhuriyet. 23 June 1955.
D’Aramon, M. ([1555] 1864). Le Voyage De M. D’Aramon. Paris: Collectif.
Demirci, Süleyman (2009). The Functioning of Ottoman Avarız Taxation: An Aspect of the Relationship between the Centre and Periphery: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1621–1700. Istanbul: Isis Press.
Dersimî, Nurî (1997). Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim. Istanbul: Doz Yayınları.
Dündar, Can and Akar, Rıdvan (2008). ‘Tarihi Bir Raporun Kapısı Açılıyor: Ecevit’in Gizli Arşivindeki Belgeler’. Online: www.candundar.com.tr/ (Last accessed: 1 August 2016).
Dündar, Fuat (2002). İttihat ve Terraki’nin Müslümanlar İskan Politikası (1913–1918). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Dündar, Fuat (2008). Modern Türkiye’nin Şifresi: İttihat ve Terrakki’nin Etnisite Mühendisliği (1913–18). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Dündar, Fuat (2012). ‘Pouring a People into the Desert: The “Definitive Solution” of the Unionist to the Armenian Question’, in Suny, Ronal Grigor, Göçek, Fatma Müğe and Naimark, Norman M. (eds.) A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 276–84.
Ekinci, Tarık Ziya (2011). Kürt Siyasal Hareketlerinin Sınıfsal Analizi. İstanbul: Sosyal Tarih Yayınları.
Eldem, Vedat (1970). Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun İktisadi Şartları Hakkında bir Tetkik. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Elphinston, William Graham (1946). ‘The Kurdish Question’. International Affairs, 22(1), pp. 91–103.
Engin, Tandoğan, Balcı, M., Sümer, Y., Özkan, Y. Z. (1981), ‘General Geological Setting and the Structural Features of the Guleman Peridotite Unit and the Chromite Deposits (Elazig, Eastern Turkey)’. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey Institute of Turkey, 95, pp. 34–56.
Entessar, Nader (1992). Kurdish Ethnonationalism. London: Lynne Rienner Publishing.
Entessar, Nader (2010). Kurdish Politics in the Middle East. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Ercan, Fuat (2004). ‘Sermaye Birikiminin Celişkili Sürekliliği: Türkiye’nin Küresel Kapitalizmle Bütünleşme Sürecine Eleştirel Bir Bakış’, in Balkan, Neşecan and Savran, Sungur (eds.) Neoliberalizmin Tahribatı: Turkiye’de Ekonomi, Toplum ve Cinsiyet. Istanbul: Metis Yayınları, pp. 9–43.
Erdem, Esra (2006). ‘Migrations from the “Global South” and Informal Economy in Turkey: Laissez Passer, Laisses Faire?’. Revista de Economid Mundial, 14, pp. 87–120.
Erder, Leila (1975). ‘The Measurement of Pre-industrial Population Changes: The Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the 17th Century’. Middle Eastern Studies, 3(11), pp. 284–301.
Erder, Leila and Faroqhi, Suraiya (1979). ‘Population Rise and Fall in Anatolia, 1150–1620’. Middle Eastern Studies. 15(3), pp. 322–45.
Ergil, Doğu (2009). Kürt Raporu: Güvenlik Politikalarından Kimlik Siyasetine. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
Eroğlu, Cem (1998). Demokrat Parti: Tarihi ve Ideolojisi. Ankara: İmge Yayınları.
Ersanlı-Behar, Büşra (1992). İktidar ve Tarih. Türkiye’de ‘Resmi Tarih’ Tezinin Oluşumu (1929–1937). İstanbul: Arfa Yayınları.
Europa (2002). Regional Surveys of the World: The Middle East and North Africa, 2003. London: Routledge.
Europa (2003). Regional Surveys of the World: The Middle East and North Africa, 2004. London: Routledge.
Faroqhi, Suraiya (1984). Towns and Townsmen of Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520–1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Faroqhi, Suraiya (1994). ‘Crisis and Change, 1590–1699’, in İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald (eds.) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 413–636.
Faucompret, Eric and Konings, Jozef (2008). Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfyıng the Copenhagen Criteria. London and New York: Routledge.
Fekete, Lajos (1947). ‘Türk Vergi Tahrirleri’. Belleten, 11(42), pp. 299–328.
Fisher, N. Sydney (1959). The Middle East: A History. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul Ltd.
Frank, Andre Gunder (1966). The Development of Underdevelopment. Boston, MA: New England Free Press.
GAP (1990). GAP Master Plan, Executive Summary, 2nd ed. Ankara, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
GAP (1997). GAP-UNDP Sustainable Development Programme. Ankara: GAP Publications.
GAP (1998). GAP Social Policy Objectives. Urfa: GAP Publications.
GAP (2008). GAP Eylem Planı (2008–2012). Urfa: GAP Publications.
Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistances, Protectors: Muslim–Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
Geertz, Clifford James (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
Gellner, Ernest (1992). Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Gençkaya, Ömer Lütfü (1996). ‘The Kurdish Issue in Turkish Politics: An Overview’. Islamic World Report (London), 1(3), pp. 94–101.
Gill, Rosalind (2000). ‘Discourse Analysis’, in Bauer, Martin W. and Gaskell, George, (eds.) Qualitative Researching With Image, Sound and Text.Sage Publications, London, pp. 172–90.
Göç-Der, (2002). The Research and Solution Report on the Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Conditions of the Kurdish Citizens Living in the Turkish Republic Who Are Forcibly Displaced Due to Armed-Conflict and Tension Politics. İstanbul: Göç-Der.
Gökalp, Ziya (1959). Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization: Selected Essays. Translated by Berkes, Niyazi. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
Gökalp, Ziya (1968). Principles of Turkism. Translated by Devereux, Robert. Leiden: Brill.
Gramsci, Antonio (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.
Griswold, W. J. (1993). ‘Climatic Change: A Possible Factor in the Social Unrest of the Seventeenth Century Anatolia’, in Lowry, Heath W. and Quataert, Donald (eds.) Humanist and Scholar: Essays in Honor of Adreas Tietze. Istanbul: Isis Press, pp. 36–57.
Gunes, Cengiz (2012). The Kurdish National Movement: From Protest to Resistance. New York and London: Routledge.
Gunes, Cengiz and Lowe, Robert (2015). ‘The Impact of the Syrian War on Kurdish Politics across the Middle East’. Chatham House Research Paper, July 2015 (London: Chatham House).
Gunes, Cengiz and Zeydanlıoğlu, Welat (2014). ‘Introduction: Turkey and the Kurds’, in Gunes, Cengiz and Zeydanlıoğlu, Welat (eds.) The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation, and Reconciliation. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 1–20.
Gunter, M. Michael (1990). The Kurds in Turkey. Oxford: Westview Press.
Gunter, M. Michael (2011a). ‘Turgut Özal and the Kurdish Question’, in Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost (eds.) Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism, and the Kurdish Issue. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 85–100.
Gunter, M. Michael (2011b). The Kurds Ascending: The Evolving Solution to the Kurdish Problem in Iraq and Turkey. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hale, William (1981). The Political and Economic Development of Modern Turkey. London: Croom Hell.
Halliday, Fred (2006). ‘Can We Write a Modernist History of Kurdish Nationalism?’, in Jabar, Faleh A. and Dawod, Hosham (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, pp. 11–20.
Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (1995). The Young Turks in Opposition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2001). Preparation for a Revolution: the Young Turks, 1902–1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hansen, Bent (1991). Egypt and Turkey: The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hart, Keith (1973). ‘Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana’. Journal of Modern African Studies, 2 (1): 61–89.
Hassanpour, Amir (1992). Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918–1985. San Francisco, CA: Mellen Research University Press.
Hazar Strateji Ensitüsü (2013). The Energy Bill of Turkey and Unsustainable Economic Growth. Istanbul: Hazar Strateji Ensitüsü Publications.
Hechter, Michael (1975). Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536–1966. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul.
Heper, Metin (2007). The State and the Kurds in Turkey: The Question of Assimilation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Herschlag, Zvi Yehuda (1958). Turkey: An Economy in Transition. Hague: Uitgevereij Van Keulen.
Herschlag, Zvi Yehuda (1968). Turkey: The Challenge of Growth. Leiden: Brill.
Hobsbawm, Eric (1990). Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric ([1997] 2004). On History. 2nd ed. London: Abacus.
Hovannisian, G. Richard (1999). ‘Introduction: The Armenian Genocide, Remembrance and Denial’, in Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.) Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide. Detroit, MI: Wayne State Press.
Hroch, Miroslav (1993). ‘From National Movement to Fully-Formed Nation: The Nation-Building Process in Process in Europe’. New Left Review, 198, pp. 3–20.
Human Rights Watch (1994). Turkey: Forced Displacement of Ethnic Kurds from South East Turkey. New York and Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch.
HÜNEE (2006). Türkiye’de Göç ve Yerinden Olmuş Nufüs Araştırması. Ankara: Hacetepe Üniversitesi Nufüs Etütleri Ensitüsü Yayını.
Hürriyet. 8 September 1992.
Hussmanns, Ralf (2004). ‘Measuring the Informal Sector: From Employment in the Informal Sector to Informal Employment’. Working Paper 53. Geneva: ILO Publication.
Hyed, Uriel (1979). Foundations of Turkish Nationalism: The Life and Teaching of Ziya Gökalp. Westport, CT: Hyperion Press.
Ibrahim, Farhad and Gürbey, Gülistan, eds. (2000). The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: Obstacles and Chances for Peace and Democracy. Germany: Lit Verlag.
IEA (2012). Iraq Energy Outlook: World Energy Outlook Special Report. Paris: IEA Publication.
IEA (2014). Energy Supply Security 2014. Paris: IEA Publications, pp. 446–61.
İHD (1995). 1995 Yılı İnsan Hakları İhlaleri Raporu. Ankara: İHD Yayını.
ILO (1993). ‘Resolution Concerning Statistics of Employment in the Informal Sector’, in Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva 19–28 January 1993) Report of the Conference. Geneva: ILO Publication.
ILO (2003). ‘Guidelines Concerning a Statistical Definition of Informal Employment’, in Seventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva 24 November–3 December 2003) Report of the Conference. Geneva: ILO Publications.
ILO (2010). Informal Economy and Labour Market Policies and Institutions in Selected Mediterranean Countries: Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Algeria and Morocco. Geneva: ILO Publications.
ILO and WIEGO (2013). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture (Second Edition). Geneva: ILO Publications.
İnalcık, Halil (1970). ‘The Ottoman Economic Mind and Aspects of the Ottoman Economy’, in Cook, M. A. (ed.) Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 207–18.
İnalcık, Halil (1971). ‘Imtiyazat’, Encyclopedia of Islam. 2nd ed. Vol. 3, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 1179–89.
İnalcık, Halil (1980). ‘Military and Fiscal Transformations in the Ottoman Empire, 1600–1700’. Archivum Ottomanicum, 6 (1980), pp. 283–337.
İnalcık, Halil (1994). ‘The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300–1600’, in İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald (eds.) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9–380.
İnan, Afet (1972). Devletçilik İlkesi ve Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin Birinci Sanayi Planı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
International Crisis Group (2015). A Sisyphean Task? Resuming Turkey–PKK Peace Talks. Crisis Group Europe Briefing No. 77 (17 December 2015). Istanbul/Brussels: International Crisis Group.
Işıklı, Alpaslan (1987). ‘Wage, Labour, Unionization’, in Shick, Irvin Cemil and Tonak, Ertuğrul Ahmet (eds.) Turkey in Transition: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 309–32.
İslamoğlu-İnan, Huri (1994). State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire: Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development. Leiden: Brill.
İstanbul İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi (1973). Türk Ekonomisinin 50 Yılı. İstanbul: Fatih Yayınevi.
Issawi, Charles (1980). The Economic History of Turkey 1800–1914. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.
Izady, Mehrdad (1988). ‘Kurdistan’, in The Encylopedia of Asian History. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, pp. 373–5.
Izady, Mehrdad (1992). The Kurds: A Concise Handbook. Washington, DC: Crane Russak.
Jafar, R. Madjid (1976). Under-underdevelopment: A Regional Case Study of the Kurdish Areas in Turkey. Helsinki: Social Policy Association.
Jennings, Ronald (1976). ‘Urban Population in Anatolia in the Sixteenth Century: A Study of Kayseri, Karaman, Trabzon and Erzurum’. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1(7), pp. 21–57.
Jongerden, Joost (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War. Brill: Leiden.
Jongerden, Joost (2012). ‘Elite Encounters of a Violent Kind: Milli İbrahim Paşa, Ziya Gökalp and Political Struggle in Diyarbakır at the Turn of the 20th Century’, in Jongerden, Joost and Verheij, Jelle (eds.) Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915. Leiden: Brill, pp. 55–84.
Jongerden, Joost and Akkaya, Ahmet Hamdi (2014). ‘Confederalism and autonomy in Turkey: The Kurdistan Workers’ Party and the Reinvention of Democracy’, in Gunes, Cengiz and Zeydanlıoğlu, Welat (eds.) The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation, and Reconciliation. New York and London: Routledge, pp. 186–204.
Jorgens, Denise (2000). ‘A Comparative Examination of the Provisions of the Ottoman Land Code and Khedive Said’s Law 1858’, in Roger, Owen (ed.) New Perspectives on Property and Land in the Middle East. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 93–119.
Jung, Dietrich and Piccoli, Wolfgango (2001). Turkey at the Crossroads: Ottoman Legacies and the Greater Middle East. London: Zed Books.
Jwaideh, Wadie (1961). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Kaiser, Hilmar (1998). Imperialism, Racism, and Development Theories: The Construction of a Dominant Paradigm. Ann Arbor, MI: Gomidas Institute.
Kamenka, Eugene (1973). ‘Political Nationalism – The Evolution of an Idea’, in Kamenka, Eugene, Nationalism: The Nature and Evolution of an Idea. Canberra: Australian University Press, pp. 4–20.
Kan, Elif Oznur and Tansel, Aysit (2014). ‘Defining and Measuring Informality in the Turkish Labor Market’. Discussion Paper Series, No. 8377. Bonn: Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit-Institute for the Study of Labor Publication.
Karahan, Edip (2005). Bir Kürt Devrimcisi. Edip Karahan’ın Anısına. Istanbul: Elma Yayınları.
Karaman, Ismail (1986). Gelir Dağılımı ve Türkiye’de Yapılan Gelir Dağılımı Çalışmaları, 1959–1986. Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
Karpat, Kemal H. (1959). Turkey’s Politics: The Transition to a Multi-party System. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Karpat, Kemal H. (1973). Social Change and Politics in Turkey: A Structural-Historical Analysis. Leiden: Brill.
Karpat, Kemal H. (1985). Ottoman Population 1830–1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Karpat, Kemal H. (2001). The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kasaba, Reşat (1988). The Ottoman Empıre and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Kaya, Ferzende (2005). Mezopotamya Sürgünü: Abdülmelik Fırat’ın Yaşam Öyküsü. Istanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
Keegan, John (1998). The First World War. New York: Vintage.
Keyder, Çağlar (1987) State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development. London: Verso.
KHRP (1996). The Destruction of Villages South-East Turkey. London: KHRP Publications.
KHRP (2002). Internally Displaced Persons: The Kurds in Turkey. London: KHRP Publications.
KHRP (2004). Turkey’s Implementation of Pro-EU Reforms: Fact-Finding Mission Report. London: KHRP Publications.
Kılıç, Ayla H. (1998). ‘Democratization, Human Rights, and Ethnic Policies in Turkey’. Journal of Muslim-Minority Affairs, 18(1), pp. 91–111.
Kılıç, Orhan (1999). ‘Yurtluk-Ocaklık ve Hükümet Sancakları Üzerine Bazı Tesbitler’. Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 10, pp. 19–137.
Kirişçi, Kemal and Winrow, Gareth M. (1997). The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict. London: Frank Cass Publishers.
Kırzıoğlu, Fahrettin M. (1963). Kürtlerin Kökü. Ankara: Ayyıldız Matbası.
Koçak, Cemil (2003). Umûmi Mütefettişlikler (1927–1952). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Kökdemir, Naci (1952). Eski ve Yeni Toprak, İskan Hükümleri ve Uygulama Kılavuzu. Ankara: Yeni Matbaa.
Kolars, John (1986). ‘The Hydro-imperative of Turkey’s Search for Energy’. Middle East Journal, 40(1), pp. 53–67.
KONDA ARAŞTIRMA (2011). Kürt Meselesi’nde Algı ve Beklentiler. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Koohi-Kamali, Farideh (2003). The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran: Pastoral Nationalism. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1992) ‘On the Kurdish Language’, in Kreyenbroek, Philip G. and Sperl, Stefan (eds.) The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. London: Routledge, pp. 68–83.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1996). ‘Religion and Religions in Kurdistan’, in Allison, Christine and Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (eds.), Kurdish Culture and Identity. London: Zed Books, pp. 85–110.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1998). ‘On the Study of Some Heterodox Sects in Kurdistan’. Les Annales de l’autre Islam, 5, pp. 163–84.
Kunt, Metin (1983). The Sultan’s Servants: The Transformation of Ottoman Regional Government, 1550–1650. New York: Columbia University Press.
Küçük, Yalçın (1978). Planlama, Kalkınma ve Türkiye. Ankara: Tekin Yayınevi.
Grubu, Kürdoloji Çalışmaları (2011). Osmanlı Kürdistanı, Kürt Tarihi Araştırmaları-I. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Gösteriler Sanatları Topluluğu Yayınları.
Kutbay, Cemil and Çınar, Nihal (1989). Kalkınma Öncelikli İllerin Sanayi Envanteri. Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
Kutlay, Mustafa (2015). ‘The Turkish Economy at a Crossroads: Unpacking Turkey’s Current Account Challenge’, in Aydın-Düzgit, Senem et al. (eds.) Global Turkey in Europe III: Democracy, Trade, and the Kurdish Question in Turkey–EU Relations. Roma: Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), pp. 219–40.
Landau, Jacob M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: Hurst & Company.
Lerner, Daniel (1958). The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Lewis, Bernard (1968). The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Bernard (1994). The Shaping of the Modern Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
List, Freidrich (1856). National System of Political Economy. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippencott [republished by Michigan: University of Michigan Library (n.d.)].
Lutsky, Vladimir Borisovich (1969). Modern History of the Arab Countries. Translated by Nasser, Lika. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
MacKenzie, D. N. (1961). ‘The Origins of Kurdish’, in Transactions of the Philological Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 68–86.
Mango, Andrew (1999). ‘Atatürk and the Kurds’. Middle Eastern Studies, 35(4), pp. 1–25.
Marcus, Aliza (2007). Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence. New York and London: New York University Press.
Margulies, Roni and Yıldızoğlu, Ergin (1987). ‘Agrarian Change: 1923–70’, in Shick, Irvin Cemil and Tonak, Ertuğrul Ahmet (eds.) Turkey in Transition: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 269–92.
Marx, Karl ([1859] 1977). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, Karl ([1867] 1982). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, Karl ([1939] 1973) Grundrisse: Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy. London: Penguin.
Maunsell, F. R. (1894). ‘Kurdistan’. The Geographical Journal, 3(2), pp. 81–92.
Maunsell, F.R. (1901). ‘Central Kurdistan’. The Geographical Journal, 18(2), pp. 121–41.
McDowall, David (2000). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I. B. Tauris.
McGowan, Bruce (1981). Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade, and the Struggle for Land, 1600–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McGowan, Bruce (1994). ‘The Age of the Ayans, 1699–1812’, in İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald (eds.) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 639–758.
Meho, Lokman I. (2001). ‘The Kurds, Kurdistan: A General Background’, in Meho, Lokman I. and Maglughlin, Kelly L. (eds.). Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 3–26.
Metz, Steven and Raymond, Millen (2004). Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in the 21st Century: Reconceptualising Threat and Response. Carlisle: Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College Publication.
Minorsky, Vladimir F. (1927). ‘The Kurdish Language’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol. 2, pp. 1151–5.
Moltke, Helmut Carl Bernhard von (1968). Briefe aus der Türkei aus den Jahren 1835–1839. Berlin Ernst Siegfreid Mittler und Suhn. Hofbuchhandlung.
Morvaridi, Behrooz (2004). ‘Resettlement, Rights to Development and the Ilisu Dam, Turkey’. Development and Change, 35(4), pp. 719–41.
Muller, Mark (1996). ‘Nationalism and the Rule of Law in Turkey: The Elimination of Kurdish Representation during the 1990s’, in Olson, Robert (ed.) Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s. Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press, pp. 173–99.
Murphey, Rhoads (1987). Regional Structure in the Ottoman Economy: A Sultanic Memorandum of 1636 A.D. Concerning the Sources and Uses of Tax-Farms Revenues of Anatolia and the Coastal Northern Portions of Syria. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Mutlu, Servet (1996a). ‘Ethnic Kurds in Turkey: A Demographic Study’. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(4), pp. 517–54.
Mutlu, Servet (1996b). ‘GAP: Intentions, Hopes, Actions, and Results’. Private View, 6(2), pp. 38–44.
Mutlu, Servet (2002). Doğu Sorunun Kökenleri: Ekonomik Açıdan. Istanbul: Ötüken Nesriyat.
Nairn, Tom (1977). The Break-up of Britain. London: NLB.
Natali, Denise (2005). The Kurds and the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey and Iran. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Nezan, Kendal, (1993). ‘Kurdistan in Turkey’, in Chaliand, Gerard (ed.) A People Without Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Zed Books, pp. 38–138.
Nezan, Kendal, (1996). ‘The Current Position and Historical Background’, in Kreyenbroek, Philip G. and Allison, Christine (eds.) Kurdish Culture and Identity. London and New York: Zed Books, pp. 7–19.
Niebuhr, Carsten ([1766] 1968). Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien und Umliegenden Landern. Austria: Dietmar Henze.
Öcalan, Abdullah (1992). Kürdistan Devriminin Yolu (Manifesto), 4th ed. Köln: Weşanen Serxwebun.
Öcalan, Abdullah (2003). War and Peace in Kurdistan. Cologne: International Initiative Freedom for Öcalan.
Öcalan, Abdullah (2008). War and Peace in Kurdistan: Perspectives for a Political Solution of the Kurdish Question. Cologne: International Initiative.
OECD (1980). Economic Survey: Turkey. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Öktem, Kerem (2004). ‘Incorporating the Time and Space of the Ethnic “Other”: Nationalism and Space in Southeast Turkey in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’. Nations and Nationalism, 10(4), pp. 559–78.
Olson, Robert (1989). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Öngen, Tulin (2003): ‘“Yeni Liberal” Dönüşüm Projesi ve Türkiye Deneyimi’, in Ahmet H., Köse, Şenses, Fikret and Yeldan, Erinç (eds.) Küresel Düzen: Birikim, Devlet ve Sınıflar. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, pp. 161–90.
Öniş, Ziya (2004). ‘Turgut Özal and His Economic Legacy: Turkish Neo-liberalism in Critical Perspective’. Middle Eastern Studies, 40(4), pp. 113–34.
Öniş, Ziya and Rubin, Barry (eds.) (2003). The Turkish Economy in Crisis. London: Frank Cass.
O’Shea, T. Maria (2004). Trapped between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan. London and New York: Routledge.
Owen, Roger (1981). The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914. London: Methuen.
Öz, Mehmet (2003). ‘Ottoman Provincial Administration in Eastern Southeastern Anatolia: The Case of Bidlis in the Sixteenth Century’, in Karpat, Kemal (ed.), Ottoman Borderlands: Issues, Personalities and Political Changes. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 145–56.
Özar, Şemsa and Ercan, Fuat (2004). ‘Emek Piyasaları: Uyumsuzluk mu, Bütünleşme mi?’, in Balkan, Neşecan and Savran, Sungur (eds.) Neoliberalizmin Tahribatı: Turkiye’de Ekonomi, Toplum ve Cinsiyet. Istanbul: Metis Yayınları, pp. 191–210.
Özcan, Ali Kemal (2006). A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Öcalan. London and New York: Routledge.
Özer, Ahmet (1994). GAP ve Sosyal Değişme, Diyarbakır, Dicle Üniversitesi GAP Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, No. 6. Diyarbakır: Dicle Üniversitesi Basımevi.
Özel, Oktay (2004). ‘Population Changes in Ottoman Anatolia during the 16th and 17th Centuries: The “Demographic Crisis” Reconsidered. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36(2), pp. 183–205.
Özgür Gündem. 27 October 2010.
Özoğlu, Hakan (2004). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Özok-Gündoğan, Nilay (2005). ‘“Social Development” as Governmental Strategy in the Southeastern Anatolia Project’. New Perspective on Turkey, 32, pp. 93–111.
Özuğurlu, Sonay Bayramoğlu (2009). ‘Türkiye’de Devletin Dönüşümü: Parlamenter Popülizmden Piyasa Despotizmine’, in Mütevellioğlu, Nergiz and Sönmez, Sinan Küreselleşme, Kriz ve Türkiye’de Neoliberal Dönüşüm. Istanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayını, pp. 261–302.
Pamuk, Şevket ([1987] 2010). The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820–1913: Trade, Investment and Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pamuk, Şevket (1994). ‘Money in the Ottoman Empire, 1326–1914’, in İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald (eds.) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 947–85.
Pamuk, Şevket (2003). ‘Karşılaştırmalı Açıdan Türkiye’de İktisadi Büyüme, 1880–2000’, in Ahmet, H., Köse, Fikret Şenses and Yeldan, Erinç (eds.) Küresel Düzen: Birikim, Devlet ve Sınıflar. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, pp. 383–98.
Pamuk, Şevket (2008). ‘Economic Change in Twentieth-Century Turkey: Is the Glass More Than Half Full?’, in Kasaba, Reşat (ed.) The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 266–300.
Peker, Mümtaz (1996). ‘Internal Migration and the Marginal Sector’, in Kahveci, Erol, Sungur, Nadir and Nichols, Theo (eds.) Work and Occupation in Modern Turkey. London: Mansell Publishing, pp. 7–37.
Powers, Penny (2001). The Methodology of Discourse Analysis. New York: Jones and Bartlett.
Quataert, Donald (1993). Ottoman Manufacturing in the Age of the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Quataert, Donald (1994). ‘The Age of Reforms, 1812–1914’, in İnalcık, Halil and Quataert, Donald (eds.) An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1600–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 759–944.
Quataert, Donald (1996). ‘The Social History of Labour in the Ottoman Empire: 1800–1914’, in Goldberg, Ellis Jay (ed.) The Social History of the Middle East. Oxford: Westview Publishers, pp. 19–36.
Quataert, Donald (2000). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Radikal, 15 March 2015.
Ralph, Davis (1970). ‘English Imports from the Middle East, 1580–1780’, in Cook, Michael Allen (ed.) Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 193–206.
Rambout, Lucien (1947). Les Kurdes et le droit: Des textes, des faits. Paris: Editions du Cerf.
Resmi Gazete. 21 June 1934. Issue No. 2733.
Resmi Gazete. 25 October 1960. Issue No. 10638.
Resmi Gazete. 23 October 1962. Issue No. 11239.
Resmi Gazete. 14 July 1987. Issue No. 19517.
Richards, Alan and Waterbury, John (2008). A Political Economy of the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Rışvanoğlu, Doğan (1975). Doğu Aşiretleri ve Emperyalizm, 2nd ed. Istanbul: Türk Kültür Yayınları.
Rivkin, Malcom David (1965). Area Development for National Growth: The Turkish Precedent. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
Robinson, Richard D. (1963). The First Republic: A Case Study in National Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Romano, David (2006). The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilisation and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roy, Sara (1995). The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestinian Studies.
Rubin, Allen and Babbie, Earl R. (2013). Research Methods for Social Work. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Safrastian, Arshak (1948). Kurds and Kurdistan. London: Harvill Press.
Sahillioğlu, Halil (1970). ‘Sıvış Year Crises in the Ottoman Empire’, in Cook, Michael Allen (ed.) Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 230–53.
Salzman, Ariel (2003). Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire: Rival Paths to Modern State. Leiden: Brill.
Sarıhan, Ali (2013). ‘The Two Periods of the PKK Conflict: 1984–1990 and 2004–2010’, in Bilgin, Fevzi and Sarıhan, Ali (eds.) Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Question. Plymouth: Lexington Books, pp. 89–102.
Saygılı, Şeref et al. (2010). ‘Türkiye İmalat Sanayiin İthalat Yapısı’, in Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası’, Working Papers, No. 10/02.
Scalbert-Yücel, Clémence and Le Ray, Marie (2006). ‘Knowledge, Ideology and Power. Deconstructing Kurdish Studies’, European Journal of Turkish Studies, 5. Online: http://ejts.revues.org/pdf/777 (Last accessed: 1 August 2016).
Schramm, Wilbur (1964). Mass Media and National Development: The Role of Information in the Developing Countries. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Serin, Necdet, (1963). Türkiye’nin Sanayileşmesi. Ankara: Sevinç Matbaa.
Shaw, J. S. (1969). ‘Archival Sources for Ottoman History: The Archives of Turkey’. Journal of American Oriental Society, 80(1), pp. 1–12.
Sheyholislami, Jaffer (2011). Kurdish Identity, Discourse, and New Media. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Simeon, Polonyalı ([1612] 2013). Polonyalı Simeon’un Seyahatnamesi. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
Sinclair, Thomas Alexander (2003). ‘The Ottoman Arrangements for the Tribal Principalities of the Lake Van Region of the Sixteenth Century’. International Journal of Turkish Studies, 9, pp. 119–43.
Sirkeci, Ibrahim (2000). ‘Exploring the Kurdish population in the Turkish Context’. Genus, 56(1–2), pp. 149–75.
Smith, Anthony (1986). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell.
Sönmez, Mustafa ([1990] 1992). Kürtler: Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarih, Doğu Anadolu’nun Hikayesi. Istanbul: Arkadaş Yayınevi.
Sönmez, Mustafa (2012). Kürt Sorunu ve Demokratik Özerklik. Istanbul: NotaBene Yayınları.
Spreen, Marinus (1992). ‘Rare Populations, Hidden Populations and Link-Tracing Designs: What and Why?’. Bulletin Methodologie Sociologique, 1(36), pp. 34–58.
Sykes, Mark (1907). ‘Journeys in the North Mesopotamia’. The Geographical Journal, 30(4), pp. 384–98.
Tabakoğlu, Ahmet (1985). Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
Tachjian, Vahe (2004). La France en Cilicie et en Haute-Mesopotamie. Aux confins de la Turquie, de la Syrie et de I’Irak (1919–1933). Paris: Karthala.
Tan, Altan (2010). Kürt Sorunu, Ya Tam Kardeşlik Ya Hep Birlikte Kölelik, 6th ed. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınlar.
Tanin. 14 November 1914.
Taşpınar, Ömer (2005). Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Transition. London and New York: Routledge.
Tavernier, Jean Baptiste ([1630] 1677). Les six Voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier en Turquie en Perse at aux Indes. Paris: Fricx.
TESEV (2006). Doğu ve Güneydoğu Sosyal ve Ekonomik Öncelikleri. Istanbul, TESEV Yayınları.
Tezel, Yahya S. (1982). Cumhuriyet Dönemi İktisadi Tarihi (1923–1950). Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.
Thomson, Stephan K. (1997). ‘Adaptive Sampling in Behavioural Surveys’, NIDA Research Monograph, 296–319.
Thornburg, Max Weston (1949). Turkey: An Economic Appraisal. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
Timur, Taner (1987). ‘The Ottoman Heritage’, in Shick, Irvin Cemil and Tonak, Ertuğrul Ahmet (eds.) Turkey in Transition: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–26.
Tocci, Nathalie (2011). Turkey’s European Future: Behind the Scenes of America’s Influence on EU–Turkey Relations. New York and London: New York University Press.
Today’s Zaman. 12 April 2008.
Today’s Zaman. 2 November 2008.
Today’s Zaman. 17 September 2011.
Today’s Zaman. 17 September 2013.
Toprak, Zafer (1982). Türkiye’de ‘Milli İktisat’ (1908–1918). Ankara, Yurt Yayınları.
Türkdoğan, Orhan (1997). Etnik Sosyoloji. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
TÜSIAD (2006). Kayıtdışı Ekonomi ve Sürdürülebilir Büyüme. AB Yolunda Değerlendirme ve Çözüm Önerileri. Istanbul: Mikado Publishing.
TÜSIAD (1997). Perspectives on Democratization in Turkey. Istanbul: Lebib Yalkin Publishing.
Ülker, Erol (2005). ‘Contextualising ‘Turkification’: Nation-Building in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1908–18’. Nations and Nationalism, 11(4), pp. 613–36.
UNDP (2004). Human Development Report: Turkey 2004. Ankara: UNDP Turkey.
Üngör, Uğur Umit (2011). The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Üngör, Uğur Umit (2012). ‘Disastrous Decade: Armenians and Kurds in the Young Turk Era, 1915–25’, in Jongerden, Joost and Verheij, Jelle (eds.) Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1915. Leiden and Boston: Brill, pp. 267–95.
Üngör, Uğur Umit and Polatel, Mehmet (2011). Confiscation and Destruction: The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Property. London; New York: Continuum.
Unver, I. H. Olcay (1997). ‘South-Eastern Anatolia Integrated Development Project (GAP), Turkey: An Overview of Issues of Sustainability’. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 13(2), pp. 187–207.
USARM (2009). Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia’s Socio-economic Problems and Recommended Solutions. Diyarbakır: Union of Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Region Municipalities Publication.
Vali, Abbas (2003a). ‘Introduction: Nationalism and the Question of Origins’, in Vali, Abbas (ed.) Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. California: Mazda Publishers, pp. 1–13.
Vali, Abbas (2003b). ‘Genealogies of the Kurds: Construction of Nation and National Identity in Kurdish Historical Writing’, in Vali, Abbas (ed.) Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. California: Mazda Publishers, pp. 58–105.
Vali, Abbas (2006). ‘The Kurds and Their “Others”: Fragmented Identity and Fragmented Politics’ in Jabar, Faleh A. and Dawod, Hosham (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, pp. 49–78.
van Bruinessen, Martin (1988). ‘The Ottoman Conquest of Diyarbekir’, in van Bruinessen, Martin and Boescheten, Hendrik (trans. and eds.) Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir: The Relevant Sections of the Seyahatname. Leiden and New York: Brill, pp. 13–28.
van Bruinessen, Martin (1991). ‘Religion in Kurdistan’, Kurdish Times, 4, pp. 5–27.
van Bruinessen, Martin (1992). Agha, Shaikh and State. London: Zed Books.
van Bruinessen, Martin (2000). Kurdish Ethno-nationalism versus Nation-Building States: Collected Articles. Istanbul: Isis.
van Bruinessen, Martin (2003). ‘Ehmedî Xanî’s Mem û Zîn and Its Role in the Emergence of Kurdish National Awareness’, in Vali, Abbas (ed.) Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism. California: Mazda Publishers, pp. 40–57.
van Bruinessen, Martin (2003–4). ‘İsmail Beşikçi: Turkish Sociologist, Critic of Kemalism, and Kurdologist’. The Journal of Kurdish Studies, 5, pp. 19–34.
van Bruinessen, Martin (2006a). ‘Can We Write a Modernist History of Kurdish Nationalism?’, in Jabar, Faleh A. and Dawod, Hosham (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, pp. 11–20.
van Bruinessen, Martin (2006b). ‘Kurdish Paths to Nation’, in Jabar, Faleh A. and Dawod, Hosham (eds.) The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, pp. 21–48.
Wahby, Taufiq (1982). The Origins of the Kurds and Their Language. Sweden: K.K.S.E.
Waldner, David (1995). ‘Avoiding the Inevitable Pain. The Politics of Turkish Economic Reform’, Middle East Insight, 11(3), pp. 39–41.
Waldner, David (1999). State Building and Late Development. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press.
WEIGO (2014). ‘Statistics on the Informal Economy: Definitions, Regional Estimates & Challenges’, WIEGO Working Paper 2. Cambridge, MA: WIEGO Publication.
White, Paul (2000). Primitive Rebels or Revolutionary Modernizers: The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey. London and New York: Zed Books.
White, Paul (2015). The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains. London: Zed Books.
Williams, Collins (1988). ‘Minority Nationalist Historiography’, in Johnston, R. J., Knight, David B. and Kofman, Eleonore (eds.), Nationalism, Self-Determination and Political Geography. London: Croom Helm, pp. 203–22.
Woodhead, Christine (ed.) (2012). The Ottoman World. Oxon: Routledge.
World Bank (1980). Turkey: Policies and Prospects for Growth, Country Study. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
Yalçın, Heckman, Lale (1991). Tribe and Kingship among the Kurds. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Yalman, Galip (2009). Transition to Neoliberalism: The Case of Turkey in the 1980s. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi University.
Yavuz, Hakan M. (2007). ‘Five Stages of the Construction of Kurdish Nationalism in Turkey’, in Macdonald, Charles G. and O’Leary, Carole A. (eds.) Kurdish Identity: Human Rights and Political Status. Florida: The University of Florida Press, pp. 56–76.
Yaycıoğlu, Ali (2012). ‘Provincial Power-Holders and the Empire in the Late Ottoman World: Conflict or Partnership?’, in Woodhead, Christine (ed.) The Ottoman World. Oxon: Routledge, pp. 436–52.
Yeğen, Mesut (1999). Devlet Söyleminde Kürt Sorunu. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Yeğen, Mesut (2007). ‘Türkiye Solu ve Kürt Sorunu’, in Gültenkingil, Murat (ed.) Modern Türkiye’de Siyasal Düşünce Cilt 8: Sol. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, pp. 1208–36.
Yeğen, Mesut (2011). ‘The Kurdish Issue in Turkey: Denial to Recognition’, in Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost (eds.) Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism, and the Kurdish Issue. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 67–84.
Yeğen, Mesut (2015). ‘The Kurdish Peace Process in Turkey: Genesis, Evolution and Prospects’, in Aydın-Düzgit, Senem et al. (eds.) Global Turkey in Europe III: Democracy, Trade, and the Kurdish Question in Turkey–EU Relations. Roma: Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), pp. 157–84.
Yeldan, Erinç (2006). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Türkiye Ekonomisi: Bölüşüm, Birikim ve Büyüme. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Yerasimos, Stefanos (1987). ‘The Mono-Party Period’, in Shick, Irvin Cemil and Tonak, Ertuğrul Ahmet (eds.) Turkey in Transition: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 66–100.
Yıldırım, Kadir (2013). Osmanlı’da İşçi Grevleri (1870–1922). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Yıldız, Hasan (1989). Aşiretten Ulusallığa Doğru Kürtler. Politik Felsefe Açısından Kürt Toplumunun Bir Kritiği. Istanbul: Fırat-Dicle Yayınları.
Yıldız, Kerim (2005). The Kurds in Turkey: EU Accession and Human Rights. London and Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.
Yılmazçelik, İbrahim (1995). XIX. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Diyarbakır. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
Zeki, Muhhamed Emin ([1947] 2005). Kürd ve Kürdistan Ünlüleri (Meşahire Kürd u Kürdistan). Ankara: Özge Yayınları.
Zürcher, Erik-Jan (1994). Turkey: A Modern History. London: I. B. Tauris.
Zürcher, Erik-Jan (2000). ‘Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists: Identity Politics 1908–1938’, in Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.), Ottoman Past and Today’s Turkey Leiden: Brill, pp. 150–79.
Zürcher, Erik-Jan and Quataert, Donald (eds.) (1995). Workers and the Working Class in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. London: I. B Tauris.
