Acemoglu, Daron, and Robinson, James A.. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Alasheev, Sergei “‘Tendentsii Razvitiya Profsoyuznogo Dvizheniya: Byurokraticheskie Prtosedury Ili Solidarnaya Aktivnost’ (Tendencies in the Development of the Trade Union Movement: Bureaucratic Procedures or Solidary Action).” Institute for Comparative Labour Relations Research (ISITO), n.d.

Aldrich, John Herbert. Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alexander, Marcus. “The Internet and Democratization: The Development of Russian Internet Policy,” Demokratizatsiya 12.4 (2004): 607–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aleksandrov, A. A. “Samara” in Fenomen Vladimira Putina i rossiiskie regiony: Pobeda neozhidannaia ili zakonomernaia? Ed. Matsuzato, Kimitaka. Slavic-Eurasian Studies, vol. 1. Moscow: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2004.Google Scholar

Alieva, Leila. “Azerbaijan's Frustrating Elections.” Journal of Democracy 17.2 (2006): 147–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alvarez, Sonia E., Dagnino, Evelina, and Escobar, Arturo. Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Re-Visioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Appel, Hilary. A New Capitalist Order: Privatization and Ideology in Russia and Eastern Europe. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Applebaum, Anne. Gulag: A History. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday, 2003.Google Scholar

Appel, Hilary “Is it Putin or Is it Oil? Explaining Russia's Fiscal Recovery.” Post-Soviet Affairs 24 (October–December 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ashenfelter, Orley, and Johnson, George E.. “Bargaining Theory, Trade Unions, and Industrial Strike Activity.” The American Economic Review 59.1 (1969): 35–49.Google Scholar

Ashwin, Sarah. Russian Workers: The Anatomy of Patience. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Ashwin, Sarah, and Clarke, Simon. Russian Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Transition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aslund, Anders, “Russia's Economic Transformation under Putin.” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 45.6 (2004): 397–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aslund, Anders, and McFaul, Michael. Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006.Google Scholar

Avdonin, V.S. “Riazan'” in Fenomen Vladimira Putina i rossiiskie regiony: Pobeda neozhidannaia ili zakonomernaia? Ed. Matsuzato, Kimitaka. Slavic-Eurasian Studies, vol. 1. Moscow: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2004.Google Scholar

Balzer, Harley, “Managed Pluralism: Vladimir Putin's Emerging Regime.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19.3 (2003): 189–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barrie, Jeffrey. “Potemkin Protest.” Johnson's Russia List 2417 (1998). <http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/2417.html##4>.Google Scholar

Bartels, Larry M. Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Bayat, Asef. Street Politics: Poor People's Movements in Iran. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Beissinger, Mark R. “Event Analysis in Transitional Societies: Protest Mobilization in the Former Soviet Union.” Acts of Dissent: New Developments in the Study of Protest. Eds. Rucht, Dieter, Koopmans, Ruud, and Neidhardt, Friedhelm. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 1998a. 348.Google Scholar

Beissinger, Mark R “Nationalist Violence and the State: Political Authority and Contentious Repertoires in the Former U.S.S.R.” Comparative Politics 30.4 (1998b): 401–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beissinger, Mark RNationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beissinger, Mark R “Promoting Democracy.” Dissent 53.1 (2006): 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beissinger, Mark R “Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: The Diffusion of Bulldozer/Rose/Orange/Tulip Revolutions.” Perspectives on Politics 5.02 (2007): 259–76.Google Scholar

Bensusán, Areous, and Irma, Graciela. El Modelo Mexicano De Regulación Aboral. 1st ed. México, DF: Plaza y Valdés Editores, 2000.Google Scholar

Berman, Sheri. “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic.” World Politics 49.3 (1997): 401–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berman, Sheri “Lessons from Europe.” Journal of Democracy 18.1 (2007): 28–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bermeo, Nancy Gina. “Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict During Democratic Transitions.” Transitions to Democracy. Eds. Anderson, Lisa. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Bermeo, Nancy GinaOrdinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Biggs, Michael. “When Costs Are Beneficial: Protest as Communicative Suffering.” Sociology Working Papers. Oxford: University of Oxford, 2003. 1–39.Google Scholar

Bizyukova, Veronika. “Dinamika Regional'nogo Sotsial'nogo Partnerstva: Sravnitel'nyi Analiz (The Dynamics of Regional Social Partnership: A Comparative Analysis).” Institute for Comparative Labour Relations Research (ISITO), n.d.

Blank, Stephen. “The Putin Succession and Its Implications for Russian Politics.” Post-Soviet Affairs 24 (July–September 2008): 231–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boix, Carles. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Borisov, Vadim. Shakhtery v Rabochem Dvizhenii: Tekushchii Istoricheskii Moment (Miners in the Workers Movement: The Contemporary Historical Moment). Moscow: IPPS, 1997.Google Scholar

Boudreau, Vince. “Precarious Regimes and Matchup Problems in the Explanation of Repressive Policy.” Repression and Mobilization. Eds. Davenport, Christian, Johnston, Hank, and Mueller, Carol McClurg. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. 33–57.Google Scholar

Boykewich, Stephen. “Protests for Hire in Former Soviet World.” AFP, May 9, 2007.

Boycko, Maxim, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. Privatizing Russia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Breslauer, George W. “Boris Yeltsin as Patriarch.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15.2 (1999): 186–200.Google Scholar

Breslauer, George WGorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brett, Jeanne M., and Goldberg, Stephen B.. “Wildcat Strikes in Bituminous Coal Mining.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 32.4 (1979): 465–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brovkin, Vladimir. “Revolution from Below: Informal Political Associations in Russia 1988–89” Europe-Asia Studies 42.2 (1990): 233–57.Google Scholar

Brownlee, Jason.Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brudny, Yitzhak M., Frankel, Jonathan, and Hoffman, Stefani. Restructuring Post-Communist Russia. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buchacek, Doug. “Nasha Pravda, Nashe Delo: The Mobilization of the Nashi Generation in Contemporary Russia.” Master's Thesis. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.

Bunce, Valerie.Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunce, Valerie “The Political Economy of Post Communism.” Slavic Review 58.4 (1999): 756–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunce, Valerie, and Wolchik, Sharon L.. “Favorable Conditions and Electoral Revolutions.” Journal of Democracy 17.4 (2006a): 5–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunce, Valerie, and Wolchik, Sharon L.. “International Diffusion and Postcommunist Electoral Revolutions.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39.3 (2006b): 283–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunce, Valerie, and Wolchik, Sharon L.. “Defeating Dictators: Electoral Change and Stability in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes.” Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition? Ed. Lindberg, Staffan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Burns, Katya. “Primorskii Krai: Encountering Globalization.” Unpublished manuscript, 2000.

Card, David. “Longitudinal Analysis of Strike Activity.” Journal of Labor Economics 6.2 (1988): 147–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carroll, Glenn R., and Hannan, Michael T.. The Demography of Corporations and Industries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Carroll, G. R., Dobrev, S. D., and Swaminathan, A.. “Organizational Processes of Resource Partitioning,” Research in Organizational Behavior 24 (2002):1–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chalmers, Douglas A. Ed. The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America: Rethinking Participation and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chen, Xi, Contentious Authoritarianism: Social Protest and the States in China, Book manuscript, forthcoming.

Christensen, Paul Thomas. Russia's Workers in Transition: Labor, Management, and the State under Gorbachev and Yeltsin. Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Cingranelli, David L., and Richards, David L.. “Respect for Human Rights After the End of the Cold War.” Journal of Peace Research 36.5 (1999): 511–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, Simon. “Russian Trade Unions in the 1999 Duma Election.” Journal of Communist Studies & Transition Politics 17.2 (2001): 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, Simon, Fairbrother, Peter, and Borisov, Vadim. The Workers' Movement in Russia. Aldershot: E. Elgar, 1995.Google Scholar

Clarke, Simon, et al. What about the Workers? Workers and the Transition to Capitalism in Russia. New York: Verso, 1993.Google Scholar

Cohen, Stephen F. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia. New York: Norton, 2000.Google Scholar

Cohn, Samuel. When Strikes Make Sense – and Why: Lessons from Third Republic French Coal Miners. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Cohn, Samuel, and Eaton, Adrienne. “Historical Limits on Neoclassical Strike Theories: Evidence from French Coal Mining, 1890–1935.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42.4 (1989): 649–62.Google Scholar

Collier, Ruth. Paths toward Democracy: The Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Collier, Ruth Berins, and Mahoney, James. “Adding Collective Actors to Collective Outcomes: Labor and Recent Democratization in South America and Southern Europe.” Comparative Politics 29.3 Transitions to Democracy: A Special Issue in Memory of Dankwart A. Rustow (1997): 285–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collins, Randall. “On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology.” The American Journal of Sociology 86.5 (1981): 984–1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Colton, Timothy J. “Boris Yeltsin, Russia's All-Thumbs Democrat.” Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership. Eds. Colton, Timothy J. and Tucker, Robert C.. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995.Google Scholar

Colton, Timothy JTransitional Citizens: Voters and What Influences Them in the New Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Colton, Timothy JYeltsin: A Life. New York: Basic Books, 2008.Google Scholar

Colton, Timothy J., and Hale, Henry E.. The Putin Vote: Presidential Electorates in a Hybrid Regime.” Slavic Review 68.3 (2009): 473–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Colton, Timothy J., and McFaul, Michael. Popular Choice and Managed Democracy: The Russian Elections of 1999 and 2000. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D. Tattered Banners: Labor, Conflict, and Corporatism in Postcommunist Russia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 6.4 (1997).Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 7.1 (1998).Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 8.3 (1999).Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 8.4 (1999).Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 9.3 (2000).Google Scholar

Connor, Walter D “Constitutional Watch: Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 9.4 (2000).Google Scholar

Cook, Linda J. Labor and Liberalization: Trade Unions in the New Russia. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Coulloudon, Virginie. “Vladimir Putin's Vertical State and the Embryo of a Horizontal Opposition.” Demokratizatsiya, 8.4 (2000).Google Scholar

Cousineau, Jean-Michel, and Lacroix, Robert. “Imperfect Information and Strikes: An Analysis of Canadian Experience, 1967–82.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 39.3 (1986): 377–87.Google Scholar

Crowley, Stephen. Hot Coal, Cold Steel: Russian and Ukrainian Workers from the End of the Soviet Union to the Post-Communist Transformations. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cunningham, David. “State Versus Social Movement: FBI Counterintelligence against the New Left.” States, Parties, and Social Movements. Ed. Goldstone, Jack A.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 45–77.Google Scholar

Dahl, Robert Alan. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971.Google Scholar

Dallin, Alexander. “Causes of the Collapse of the Ussr.” Post-Soviet Affairs 8.4 (1992): 279–302.Google Scholar

Davenport, Christian. “Multi-Dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: An Inquiry into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions.” American Journal of Political Science 39.3 (1995): 683–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davenport, Christian“Introduction, Repression and Mobilization: Insights from Political Science and Sociology.” Repression and Mobilization. Eds. Davenport, Christian, Johnston, Hank, and Mueller, Carol. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Davenport, ChristianState Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, Sue. Trade Unions in Russia and Ukraine, 1985–95. New York: Palgrave, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Desai, Padma, and Idson, Todd. Work without Wages: Russia's Nonpayment Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Diamond, Larry. “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes.” Journal of Democracy 13.2 (2002): 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobrev, Stanislav D., Kim, Tai-Young, and Carroll, Glenn R.. “The Evolution of Organizational Niches: U.S. Automobile Manufacturers, 1885–1981.” Administrative Science Quarterly 47.2 (2002): 233–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Earl, Jennifer. “Tanks, Tear Gas, and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression.” Sociological Theory 21.1 (2003): 44–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Easter, Gerald Easter, Gerald, M. “The Russian State in the Time of Putin.” Post-Soviet Affairs 24 (July–September 2008): 199–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eisenstadt, Todd A. Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strategies and Electoral Institutions. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Eisinger, Peter K. “The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities.” American Political Science Review, 67.1 (1973): 11–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Kubik, Jan. “Contentious Politics in New Democracies: East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, 1989–93.” World Politics 50.4 (1998): 547–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Kubik, JanRebellious Civil Society: Popular Protest and Democratic Consolidation in Poland, 1989–1993. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, Alfred B. “The First Steps of Russia's Public Chamber.” Demokratizatsiya (September 22, 2008).

Evans, Alfred B., Henry, Laura A., and Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh. Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2005.Google Scholar

Fein, Helen. “More Murder in the Middle: Life-Integrity Violations and Democracy in the World, 1987.” Human Rights Quarterly 17.1 (1995): 170–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Filipov, Mikhail, Ordeshook, Peter C., and Shvetsova, Olga. Designing Federalism: A Theory of Self-Sustainable Federal Institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fish, M. Steven. “The Determinants of Economic Reform in the Post-Communist World.” East European Politics and Societies 12.1 (1998): 31–78.Google Scholar

Fish, M. Steven “Postcommunist Subversion: Social Science and Democratization in East Europe and Eurasia.” Slavic Review 58.4 (1999): 794–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fish, M. StevenDemocracy Derailed in Russia: The Failure of Open Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fish, M. Steven “Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies.” Journal of Democracy 17.1 (2006): 5–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fishman, Robert M. “Democratic Practice after the Revolution: The Case of Portugal and Beyond.”MS: University of Notre Dame, 2009.Google Scholar

Fleitas, Daniel W. “Bandwagon and Underdog Effects in Minimal-Information Elections.” The American Political Science Review 65.2 (1971): 434–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flikke, Geir. “From External Success to Internal Collapse: The Case of Democratic Russia.” Europe-Asia Studies 56.8 (2004): 1207–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foster, Kenneth W. “Associations in the Embrace of an Authoritarian State: State Domination of Society?” Studies in Comparative International Development 35.4 (2001): 84–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Francisco, Ronald A. “The Dictator's Dilemma.” Repression and Mobilization. Eds. Davenport, Christian, Johnston, Hank, and Mueller, Carol McClurg. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. 58–81.Google Scholar

Franzosi, Roberto. “One Hundred Years of Strike Statistics: Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Quantitative Strike Research.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42.3 (1989): 348–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Franzosi, RobertoThe Puzzle of Strikes: Class and State Strategies in Postwar Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedrich, Carl J., and Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.. Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy. Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1956.Google Scholar

Frye, Timothy. “The Perils of Polarization: Economic Performance in the Postcommunist World.” World Politics 54.3 (2002): 308–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gaddy, Clifford G., and Ickes, Barry William. Russia's Virtual Economy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Gamson, Joshua. “Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma.” Social Problems 42.3 (1995): 390–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gamson, William A. The Strategy of Social Protest. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1990.Google Scholar

Geddes, Barbara. “Authoritarian Breakdown: Empirical Test of a Game Theoretic Argument.” The Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, September 1999. Ed.

Gelman, Vladimir, Golosov, Grigorii, and Meleshkina, E. I. U., Eds. The 1999–2000 National Elections in Russia: Analyses, Documents and Data. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 2005.

Gerner, Deborah J., et al. “Machine Coding of Event Data Using Regional and International Sources.” International Studies Quarterly 38.1 (1994): 91–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gershenson, Dmitriy, and Grossman, Herschel I.. “Cooption and Repression in the Soviet Union.” Economics and Politics 13.1 (March 2001): 31–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gimpelson, Vladimir, and Treisman, Daniel. “Fiscal Games and Public Employment: A Theory with Evidence from Russia.” World Politics 54.2 (2002): 145–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glenn, John K. Framing Democracy: Civil Society and Civic Movements in Eastern Europe. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.

Glinski-Vassiliev, Dmitri. “The Politics of Labor Code Reform in Putin's Russia.” Program on New Approaches to Russian Security (PONARS). Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 2001.Google Scholar

Goidel, Robert K., and Shields, Todd G.. “The Vanishing Marginals, the Bandwagon, and the Mass Media.” The Journal of Politics 56.3 (1994): 802–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Golden, Miriam. Heroic Defeats: The Politics of Job Loss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Goldman, Marshall I. “Anders in Wonderland: Comments on Russia's Economic Transformation under Putin.” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 45.6 (2004): 429–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldstone, Jack A. “Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 4.1 (2001): 139–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldstone, Jack A “More social movements or fewer? Beyond political opportunity structures to relational fields.” Theory and Society 33.3-4 (2004): 333–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Golosov, Grigorii. Political Parties in the Regions of Russia: Democracy Unclaimed. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004.Google Scholar

Goodwin, Jeff, and Jasper, James M.. “Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The Structural Bias of Political Process Theory.” Sociological Forum 14.1 (1999): 27–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gouldner, Alvin Ward. Wildcat Strike. Yellow Springs, OH: Antioch Press, 1954.Google Scholar

Gramsci, Antonio. Prison Notebooks, Volume 2. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Greskovits, Béla. The Political Economy of Protest and Patience: East European and Latin American Transformations Compared. New York: Central European University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Greve, Heinrich R., Pozner, Jo-Ellen, and Rao, Hayagreeva. “Vox populi: Resource partitioning, organizational proliferation and the cultural impact of the insurgent microradio movement.” American Journal of Sociology 112.3 (2006): 802–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gritsenko, N. N., Kadeikina, V. A., and Makukhia, E. V.. Istoria Profsoyuzov Rossii: Etapy, Sobitiya, Lyudi (the History of Russian Labor Unions: Periods, Events, People). Moscow: FNPR, 1999.Google Scholar

Grzymala-Busse, , Anna, M. “Authoritarian Determinants of Democratic Party Competition.” Party Politics 12.3 (April/May 2006): 415–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guidry, John A., and Sawyer, Mark Q.. “Contentious Pluralism: The Public Sphere and Democracy.” Perspectives on Politics 1.02 (2003): 273–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gunderson, Morley, and Melino, Angelo. “The Effects of Public Policy on Strike Duration.” Journal of Labor Economics 8.3 (1990): 295–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Hadenius, Axel, and Teorell, Jan. “Pathways from Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy, 18.1 (2007).Google Scholar

Haimson, Leopold H., and Petrusha, Ronald. “Two Strike Waves in Imperial Russia, 1905–1907 and 1912–1914.” Strikes, Wars, and Revolutions in an International Perspective: Strike Waves in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Eds. Haimson, Leopold H. and Tilly, Charles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xiv.

Hale, Henry E.“Explaining Machine Politics in Russia's Regions: Economy, Ethnicity, and Legacy.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19.3 (2003): 228–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hale, Henry E “Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse.” World Politics 56.2 (2004): 165–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hale, Henry E “Regime Cycles: Democracy, Autocracy, and Revolution in Post-Soviet Eurasia.” World Politics 58.1 (2005): 133–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hale, Henry E “Democracy of Autocracy on the March? The Colored Revolutions as Normal Dynamics of Patronal Presidentialism.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39.3 (2006a): 305–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hale, Henry EWhy Not Parties in Russia? Democracy, Federalism, and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006b.Google ScholarPubMed

Hall, Peter A., and Taylor, Rosemary C.R.. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44 (1996): 936–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hannan, Michael T., Pólos, László, and Carroll, Glenn R.. Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes and Ecologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Hannan, Michael T., Pólos, László, Carroll, Glenn R., and Freeman, J.. “The Population Ecology of Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 82 (1977): 929–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hardin, Russell. Liberalism, Constitutionalism, and Democracy. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hausman, Jerry, Hall, Bronwyn H., and Griliches, Zvi. “Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents–R & D Relationship.” Econometrica 52.4 (1984): 909–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heathershaw, John. “The Tulip Fades: ‘Revolution’ and Repercussions in Kyrgzystan.” Perspective 17.2 (2007).Google Scholar

Herd, Graeme P., and Aldis, Anne. Russian Regions and Regionalism: Strength through Weakness. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.Google Scholar

Hibbs, Douglas A.. Mass Political Violence. New York: Wiley 1973.Google Scholar

Hibbs, Douglas A. “On the Political Economy of Long-Run Trends in Strike Activity.” British Journal of Political Science 8.2 (1978): 153–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hicks, John Richard. The Theory of Wages. London: Macmillan, 1932.Google Scholar

Hipsher, Patricia L. “Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in Chile and Spain.” Comparative Politics 28.3 (1996): 273–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.Google Scholar

Howard, Marc Morjé. The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howard, Marc Morje, and Roessler, Philip G.. “Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes.” American Journal of Political Science 50.2 (2006): 365–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968.Google Scholar

Hurst, William, and O'Brien, Kevin J.. “China's Contentious Pensioners.” The China Quarterly 170 (2002): 345–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hutcheson, Derek S. “Disengaged or Disenchanted? The Vote ‘Against All’ in Post-Communist Russia.” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20.1 (2004): 98–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iankova, Elena A. “The Transformative Corporatism of Eastern Europe.” East European Politics and Societies 12.2 (1998): 222–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ilyin, V. I. “Shakhtyori Vorkuti I Kreml': K Istorii Otnoshenii (the Miners of Vorkuta and the Kremlin: Towards a History of Their Relations).” Trudovye Otnosheniya I Kollektivnye Deistviya V Sovremennoi Rossii: Politicheskie, Pravovye I Sotsial'nye Aspekty. Eds. Katsva, A. M., Patrushev, S. V. and Kudyukin, P. M.. Moskow: Editorial URSS, 1999.Google Scholar

Ingram, Paul, and Simons, Tal. “State Formation, Ideological Competition and the Ecology of Israeli Workers' Cooperatives 1920–1992.” Administrative Science Quarterly 45.1 (2000): 25–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Javeline, Debra. Protest and the Politics of Blame: The Russian Response to Unpaid Wages. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jessup, Michael M. “Legitimacy and the Decline of the 1920s Ku Klux Klan.” Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change 20 (1997): 177–221.Google Scholar

Johnson, David. “Johnson's Russia List.” 2007. <http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/default.cfm>.

Kahan, Arcadius, and Ruble, Blair A.. Industrial Labor in the U.S.S.R. New York: Pergamon Press, 1979.Google Scholar

Kahn, Jeffrey. Federalism, Democratization, and the Rule of Law in Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kalandadze, Katya, and Orenstein, Mitchell A.. “Electoral Protests and Democratization: Beyond the Color Revolutions.” Comparative Political Studies 42.11 (2009): 1403–25.Google Scholar

Kamenitsa, Lynn. “The Complexity of Decline: Explaining the Marginalization of the East German Women's Movement.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 3.2 (1998): 245–63.Google Scholar

Karatnycky, Adrian, and Ackerman, Peter. How Freedom Is Won: From Civic Resistance to Durable Democracy. New York: Freedom House, 2005.Google Scholar

Katznelson, Ira. City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States. 1st ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981.Google Scholar

Kennan, John, and Wilson, Robert. “Strategic Bargaining Models and Interpretation of Strike Data.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 4 (1989): S87–S130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kenney, Patrick J., and Rice, Tom W.. “The Psychology of Political Momentum.” Political Research Quarterly 47.4 (1994): 923–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kitschelt, Herbert P. “Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies.” British Journal of Political Science 16.1 (1986): 57–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knowles, K. G. J. C. Strikes: A Study in Industrial Conflict, with Special Reference to British Experience between 1911 and 1947. New York: Philosphical Library, 1952.Google Scholar

Koopmans, Ruud. “The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989.” American Sociological Review 58.5 (1993): 637–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koopmans, Ruud “Dynamics of Repression and Mobilization: The German Extreme Right in the 1990s.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 2.2 (1997): 149–65.Google Scholar

Koopmans, Ruud “Political. Opportunity. Structure. Some Splitting to Balance the Lumping.” Sociological Forum 14.1 (1999): 93–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koopmans, Ruud, and Olzak, Susan. “Discursive Opportunities and the Evolution of Right-Wing Violence in Germany.” American Journal of Sociology 10.1 (2004): 198–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koopmans, Ruud, Olzak, Susan, and Rucht, Dieter. “Protest Event Analysis.” Methods of Social Movement Research. Klandermans, Bert and Staggenborg, Suzanne, Eds. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Korpi, Walter, and Shalev, Michael. “Strikes, Power and Politics in the Western Nations.” Political Power and Social Theory. Ed. Zeitlin, Maurice. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1980.Google Scholar

Kozlov, V. A. Mass Uprisings in the USSR: Protest and Rebellion in the Post-Stalin Years. Trans. MacKinnon, Elaine McClarnand. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002.Google Scholar

Kraus, Michael. “Did the Charter 77 Movement Bring an End to Communism?” New England Review 28.2 (2007).Google Scholar

Kriesi, Hanspeter, et al. New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Kryshtanovskaya, Olga, and White, Stephen. “Putin's Militocracy.” Post Soviet Affairs 19.4 (2003): 289–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kubicek, Paul. “Civil Society, Trade Unions and Post-Soviet Democratisation: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine.” Europe-Asia Studies 54.4 (2002): 603–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kudukin, Pavel, et al. “How Much Does the Labor Code Cost?” Carnegie Moscow Center Working Papers. Moscow: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001.Google Scholar

Kuran, Timur. “Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989.” World Politics 44.1 (1991): 7–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kurtz, Marcus J. “The Dilemmas of Democracy in the Open Economy: Lessons from Latin America.” World Politics 56.2 (2004): 262–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kurzman, Charles. The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Langston, Joy. “Elite Ruptures: When Do Ruling Parties Split?” Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Ed. Schedler, Andreas. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006. 57–75.Google Scholar

Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A..Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 13.2 (2002): 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A..Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A.Electoral Authoritarianism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Lichbach, Mark Irving. The Rebel's Dilemma. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Lieven, Anatol. Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Lindberg, Staffan I.Democracy and Elections in Africa. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Lindberg, Staffan I.Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition?New York, Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Lindemann-Komarova, Sarah and Javeline, Debra. “Rethinking Russia: A Balanced Assessment of Russian Civil Society.” Journal of International Affairs, 63.2 (2010): 171–88.Google Scholar

Linz, Juan J. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000.Google Scholar

Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred C.. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Lohmann, Susanne. “Dynamics of Informational Cascades: The Monday Demonstrations in Leipzig, East Germany, 1989–1991.” World Politics 47 (1994): 42–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lust-Okar, Ellen. Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lukin, Alexander. “Russia's New Authoritarianism and the Post-Soviet Political Ideal.” Post-Soviet Affairs 25.1 (2009): 66–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lyall, Jason M. K. “Pocket Protests: Rhetorical Coercion and the Micropolitics of Collective Action in Semiauthoritarian Regimes.” World Politics 58.3 (2007): 378–412.Google Scholar

Magaloni, Beatriz. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maksimov, V. I. Rabochie V Reformiruemoi Rossii: 1990s Do Nachalogo 2000 Godov (Workers in a Reformed Russia: 1990s to Beginning of 2000s). St. Peterburg: Nauka, 2004.Google Scholar

Maleva, Tatyana, ed. Payday or the Day of Reckoning: The Problem of Salary Delays. Moscow: Carnegie Center, 2001.Google Scholar

Mandel, David. “‘Why Is There No Revolt?’ The Russian Working Class and Labour Movement.” The Socialist Register 2001: Working Classes, Global Realities. Eds. Panitch, Leo and Leys, Colin. London: Merlin Press, 2001. 171–95.Google Scholar

McAdam, Doug. “‘Initiator’ and ‘Spin-Off’ movements: Diffusion Processes in Protest Cycles.” Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action. Ed. Traugott, Mark. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995. 217–41.Google Scholar

McAdam, DougPolitical Process and the Power of Black Insurgency. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.Google Scholar

McAdam, Doug, Tarrow, Sidney, and Tilly, Charles. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McFaul, Michael, and Treyger, Elina. “Civil Society.” Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post-Communist Political Reform. Eds. McFaul, Michael, Petrov, Nikolai, and Riabov, Andrei. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004. 135–73.Google Scholar

McFaul, Michael, and Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn. “The Myth of the Authoritarian Model.” Foreign Affairs (January/February 2008).

McGlinchey, Eric. “Regeneration or Degeneration? Youth Mobilization and the Future of Uzbek Politics.” Stanford CDDRL Working Paper Number 63, June 2006.

McPhail, Clark, and McCarthy, John D.. “Protest Mobilization, Protest Repression and Their Interaction.” Repression and Mobilization. Eds. Davenport, Christian, Johnston, Hank, and Mueller, Carol. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2005: 3–32.Google Scholar

Meseguer, Covadonga. “Policy Learning, Policy Diffusion and the Making of a New Order.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 598.1 (2005): 67–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meyer, David S. “Protest Cycles and Political Process: American Peace Movements in the Nuclear Age.” Political Research Quarterly 46.3 (1993): 451–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meyer, David S.The Politics of Protest: Social Movements in America. New York: Oxford University Press: 2007.Google Scholar

Meyer, David S., and Minkoff, Debra C.. “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity.” Social Forces 82.4 (2004): 1457–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meyer, David S., Minkoff, Debra C., and Tarrow, Sidney G., eds. The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century. Oxford: Rowan and Littlefield, 1998.Google Scholar

,MFK Renaissance. From the Sublime to the Ridiculous. A Credit Rating Model of Russia's Regions, April 1998.

Michels, Robert. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. New York: Free Press, 1911/62.Google Scholar

Mickiewicz, E. Television, Power, and the Public in Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Minkoff, Debra C. “Bending with the Wind: Strategic Change and Adaptation by Women's and Racial Minority Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 104.6 (1999): 1666–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mosca, Gaetano. The Ruling Class. 1st ed. Trans. Kahn, Hannah D.. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939.Google Scholar

Mosley, Layna, and Uno, Saika. “Racing to the Bottom or Climbing to the Top? Economic Globalization and Collective Labor Rights.” Comparative Political Studies 40.8 (2007): 923–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mueller, Carol. “International Press Coverage of East German Protest Events, 1989.” American Sociological Review 62.5 (1997): 820–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muller, Edward N., and Weede, Erich. “Cross-National Variation in Political Violence.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 34.4 (1990): 624–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murillo, Maria Victoria. Labor Unions, Partisan Coalitions and Market Reforms in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muskhelishvili, Marina. “Constitutional Changes in Georgia.” Constitutional/Political Reform Process in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan: Political Elite and Voices of the People. Tblisi, Georgia: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), 2005. 47–58.Google Scholar

Myagkov, Mikhail. “The Duma Elections: A Step toward Democracy or the Elites' Game?” The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Eds. Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 142–62.Google Scholar

Myers, Daniel J., and Caniglia, Beth Schaefer. “All the Rioting That's Fit to Print: Selection Effects in National Newspaper Coverage of Civil Disorders, 1968–1969.” American Sociological Review 69.3 (2004): 519–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myre, Greg. “Marchers Rally against Russia Government.” Johnson's Russia List October 7.2417 (1998). <http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/2417.html##3>.

Nashi, . “Do Not Oversleep the Country.” 2007. YouTube. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipFMMT-rWHA>.

Nashi, . Next Stop – Belarus? Human Rights in Georgia, 2005. Tbilisi, Georgia: Human Rights Information and Documentation Center (HRIDC), 2005.Google Scholar

Nicholson, Martin. “Characterising Centre-Periphery Relations in the Yeltsin Era.” Russian Regions and Regionalism: Strength through Weakness. Eds. Herd, Graeme P. and Aldis, Anne. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. 3–18.Google Scholar

Oates, Sarah.“Television, Voters and the Development of the ‘Broadcast Party’.” The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Eds. Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 29–50.Google Scholar

Oates, SarahTelevision, Democracy, and Elections in Russia. New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar

Oberschall, Anthony. Social Conflict and Social Movements. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973.Google Scholar

O'Brien, , Kevin, J., and Li, Lianjiang. Rightful Resistance in Rural China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ochoa-Reza, Enrique. “Multiple Arenas of Struggle: Federalism and Mexico's Transition to Democracy.” Federalism and Democracy in Latin America. Ed. Gibson, Edward L.. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 255–96.Google Scholar

Offe, Claus, and Wisenthal, Helmut. “Two Logics of Collective Action.” Political Power and Social Theory 1 (1980): 67–115.Google Scholar

Oliver, Pamela. “Bringing the Crowd Back In.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 11 (1989): 1–30.Google Scholar

Oliver, Pamela, and Myers, Daniel. “The Coevolution of Social Movements.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 8.1 (2002): 1–24.Google Scholar

Oliver, Pamela, and Myers, Daniel“Networks, Diffusion, and Cycles of Collective Action.” Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action. Eds. Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 173–203.Google Scholar

Olzak, Susan, and Uhrig, S.C. Noah. “The Ecology of Tactical Overlap.” American Sociologial Review 66.5 (2001): 694–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Orenstein, Mitchell. Out of the Red: Building Capitalism and Democracy in Postcommunist Europe. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Orttung, Robert W. “Russian Regional Report.” EastWest Institute 4.17 (1999).Google Scholar

Orttung, Robert W “Russian Regional Report.” EastWest Institute 4.37 (1999).Google Scholar

Ottaway, Marina. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.Google Scholar

Ovrutskii, L. M. Kogda Respubliki Byli Bolshimi: Zametki O Federalizme I Federalistakh (2000–2003). (When the Republics Were Big: Notes on Federalism and Federalists.) Kazan: Idel-Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Oxhorn, Philip D. Organizing Civil Society: The Popular Sectors and the Struggle for Democracy in Chile. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Parker, Kyle, and Bostian, Sandy. “1999 Russian Duma Election Results.” Washington, DC, 1999. Chart. American Foreign Policy Council. <http://www.afpc.org/pubs/D99.pdf>.

Petkov, Krusto, and Thirkell, John E. M.. Labour Relations in Eastern Europe: Organisational Design and Dynamics. London: Routledge, 1991.Google Scholar

Petrov, Nikolai. “Federalism.” Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post-Communist Political Reform. Eds. McFaul, Michael, Petrov, Nikolai, and Riabov, Andrei. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004. 213–68.Google Scholar

Petrov, Nikolai, and Slider, Darrell. “Putin and the Regions.” Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain. Ed. Herspring, Dale R.. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. xviii.Google Scholar

Petrov, Nikolai, Lipman, Masha, and Hale, Henry E., “Overmanaged Democracy in Russia: Governance Implications of Hybrid Regimes” Carnegie Papers: Russia and Eurasia Program, Number 106, February, 2010.

Pierson, Paul. “The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change.” Governance 13.4 (2000): 475–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piore, Michael J., and Sabel, Charles F.. The Second Industrial Divide. New York: Basic Books, 1984.Google Scholar

Piven, Frances Fox, and Cloward, Richard A.. Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.Google Scholar

Popova, Maria. “Watchdogs or Attack Dogs? The Role of the Russian Courts and the Central Election Commission in the Resolution of Electoral Disputes.” Europe-Asia Studies 58 (2006): 391–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Powell, G. Bingham, “Party Systems and Political System Performance: Voting Participation, Government Stability and Mass Violence in Contemporary Democracies.” The American Political Science Review 75.4 (1981): 861–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pravda, Alex. “East-West Interdependence and the Social Compact in Eastern Europe.” East-West Relations and the Future of Eastern Europe: Politics and Economics. Eds. Bornstein, Morris, Gitelman, Zvi Y., and Zimmerman, William. London: Allen & Unwin, 1981.Google Scholar

Pravda, AlexLeading Russia: Putin in Perspective. Essays in Honour of Archie Brown. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Przeworski, Adam, et al. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Putnam, Robert D. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Ra'anan, Uri. Flawed Succession: Russia's Power Transfer Crises. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006.Google Scholar

Radnitz, Scott. “What Really Happened in Kyrgyzstan.” Journal of Democracy 17.2 (2006): 132–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reddaway, Peter, and Glinski, Dmitri. The Tragedy of Russia's Reforms: Market Bolshevism against Democracy. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Reddaway, Peter, and Orttung, Robert W., eds. Dynamics of Russian Politics: Putin's Reform of Federal-Regional Relations. 2 vols. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2004.

Regan, Patrick M., and Henderson, Errol A.. “Democracy, Threats and Political Repression in Developing Countries: Are Democracies Internally Less Violent?” Third World Quarterly 23.1 (2002): 119–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richter, Kaspar. “Wage Arrears and Economic Voting in Russia.” American Political Science Review 100.1 (2006): 133–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robertson, Graeme. “Leading Labor: Unions, Politics and Protest in New Democracies.” Comparative Politics 36.3 (2004): 253–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robertson, Graeme“Sub-national Appointments in Authoritarian Regimes.” Mid-West Political Science Association, April 2010.

Roland, Gerard. Transitions and Economics: Politics, Markets and Firms. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Romanov, Igor, and Samarina, Aleksandr. “Not to Oversleep the Country. Young People Stand up against the Rotten West.” Nezavisimaya Gazeta March 26, 2007.

Ronconi, Lucas, and Franceschelli, Ignacio. “The Effect of Workfare Policy on Social Movement Mobilization.” Economics Letters 105.3 (2009): 315–17.Google Scholar

Rose, Richard, and Munro, Neil. Elections without Order: Russia's Challenge to Vladimir Putin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ross, Cameron. Federalism and Democratisation in Russia. New York: Manchester University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Ross, Stephen A. “The Economic Theory of Agency: The Principal's Problem.” The American Economic Review 63.2 (1973): 134–9.Google Scholar

Rucht, Dieter, and Koopmans, Ruud, eds. Mobilization: Special Edition on Protest Event Analysis 4.2 (1999).

Rustow, Dankwart A. “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model.” Comparative Politics 2.3 (1970): 337–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rychly, Ludek, and Pritzer, Rainer. “Social Dialogue at National Level in the E.U. Accession Countries.” In Focus Programme on Social Dialogue, Labour Law and Labour Administration Working Paper Series. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization, 2003. i-46.Google Scholar

Rychly, Ludek, and Pritzer, Rainer. “Symposium: Anatomy of a Crisis.” East European Constitutional Review 7.4 (1998): 124–61.Google Scholar

Sakwa, Richard. “Elections and National Integration in Russia.” The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Eds. Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William Mark. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Sandoval, Salvador A. M. Social Change and Labor Unrest in Brazil since 1945. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Schedler, Andreas, ed. “The Menu of Manipulation.” Journal of Democracy 13.2 (2002): 36–50.CrossRef

Schedler, AndreasElectoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006.

Schmitter, Philippe C. “Still the Century of Corporatism?” The Review of Politics 36.1 (1974): 85–131.CrossRef

Schwirtz, Michael, and Rumantsev, Pavel. “Russian Press Review: March 26.” International Herald Tribune Round Up of the Russian Press (2007). <http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/03/26/europe/web.0326russiapress.php>.

Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Sestanovich, Stephen. “Putin's Invented Opposition.” Journal of Democracy 18.2 (2007): 122–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shcherbak, Andrey. “Coalition Politics of Political Parties in Russia.” The 1999–2000 National Elections in Russia: Analyses, Documents and Data. Eds. Gelman, Vladimir, Golosov, Grigorii, and Meleshkina, E. I. U.. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 2005.Google Scholar

Shevtsova, Lilia Fedorovna. Putin's Russia. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.Google Scholar

Shevtsova, Lilia FedorovnaYeltsin's Russia: Myths and Reality. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999.Google Scholar

Shleifer, Andrei, and Treisman, Daniel. Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Shleifer, Andrei, and Treisman, Daniel. “A Normal Country.” Foreign Affairs 83.2 (2004): 20–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shorter, Edward, and Tilly, Charles. “The Shape of Strikes in France, 1830–1960.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 13.1 (1971): 60–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Silitski, Vitali. “Contagion Deterred: Preemptive Authoritarianism in the Former Soviet Union (the Case of Belarus).” Stanford CDDRL Working Paper Number 66, June 2006.

Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Steven S., and Remington, Thomas F.. The Politics of Institutional Choice: The Formation of the Russian State Duma. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smyth, Regina. Candidate Strategies and Electoral Competition in the Russian Federation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Snyder, David. “Early North American Strikes: A Reinterpretation.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 30.3 (1977): 325–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Solnick, Steven. “Russia over the Edge.” East European Constitutional Review 7.4 (1998): 126–31.Google Scholar

Statacorp, . Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0. Computer software. Stata Corporation, 2001.

Stockdill, Brett C. “Multiple Oppressions and Their Influence on Collective Action: The Case of the Aids Movement.” Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern University, 1996.

Stokes, Susan Carol. Cultures in Conflict: Social Movements and the State in Peru. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stoliarov, M. V. Federalism and the Dictatorship of Power in Russia. New York: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar

Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn. “The Limited Reach of Russia's Party System: Underinstitutionalization in Dual Transitions.” Politics Society 29.3 (2001): 385–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sullivan, Heather. “Political Opening and Tactical Change: Mexican Protest, 1964–2000.” Master's Thesis. University of North Carolina, 2006.

Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh. Funding Civil Society: Foreign Assistance and Ngo Development in Russia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh, and Henry, Laura A.. “Russian Civil Society: Tensions and Trajectories.” Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment. Eds. Evans, Alfred B., Henry, Laura A. and Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. 305–22.Google Scholar

Tarrow, Sidney G. Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy, 1965–1975. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Tarrow, Sidney G. “Cycles of Collective Action: Between Moments of Madness and the Repertoire of Contention.” Repertoires and Cycles of Collective Action. Ed. Traugott, Mark. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995. 217–41.Google Scholar

Tarrow, SidneyPower in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. 1998. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Taylor, Verta. “Social Movement Continuity: The Women's Movement in Abeyance.” American Sociological Review 54.5 (1989): 761–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tilly, Charles. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1978.Google Scholar

Tilly, CharlesTilly, CharlesThe Contentious French: Four Centuries of Popular Struggle. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tilly, CharlesPopular Contention in Great Britain, 1758–1834. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Tilly, Charles “Event Catalogs as Theories.” Sociological Theory 20.2 (2002): 248–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tilly, CharlesContention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Touraine, Alain, Wieviorka, Michel, Dubet, Francois, Strzelecki, Jan, and Denby, David. Solidarity: The Analysis of a Social Movement: Poland 1980–81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Treisman, Daniel S. “Russia's Regions: Moscow's Struggle to Control Regions.” Transitions Online 20 September (1996).

Treisman, Daniel SAfter the Deluge: Regional Crises and Political Consolidation in Russia. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Trejo, , Guillermo. Indigenous Insurgency: The Breakdown of Religious and Political Monopolies and the Rise of Ethnic Mobilization in Mexico. Duke University, forthcoming.

Tucker, Joshua A.Tucker, Joshua ARegional Economic Voting: Russia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, 1990–1999. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tucker, Joshua A.Tucker, Joshua A “Enough! Electoral Fraud, Collective Action Problems, and Post-Communist Colored Revolutions.” Perspectives on Politics 5.03 (2007): 535–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Turovsky, Rostislav. “Regional Aspects of National Elections in Russia.” The 1999–2000 National Elections in Russia: Analyses, Documents and Data. Eds. Gelman, Vladimir, Golosov, Grigorii, and Meleshkina, E. I. U.. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 2005.Google Scholar

Vachudova, Milada Anna. Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage and Integration After Communism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Viola, Lynne. Peasant Rebels under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of, Peasant Resistance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Viola, Lynne.Contending with Stalinism: Soviet Power and Popular Resistance in the 1930s. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Voss, Kim. “The Collapse of a Social Movement: The Interplay of Mobilizing Structures, Framing, and Political Opportunities in the Knights of Labor.” Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Eds. McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 227–60.Google Scholar

Wada, Takeshi. “Event Analysis and Claim Making in Mexico: How Are Social Protests Transformed into Political Protests?” Mobilization 9.3 (2004): 241–57.Google Scholar

Way, Lucan A.Way, Lucan A “Pluralism by Default in Moldova.” Journal of Democracy 13.4 (2002): 127–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Way, Lucan A.Way, Lucan A “Authoritarian Failure: How Does State Weakness Strengthen Electoral Competition?” Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Ed. Schedler, Andreas. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006. 167–80.Google Scholar

Wedel, Janine R.Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe. New York, NY: Palgrave, 2001.Google Scholar

Weiler, Jonathan. Human Rights in Russia: A Darker Side of Reform. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004.Google Scholar

Weingast, Barry R. “The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 11.1 (1995): 1–31.Google Scholar

White, Robert W., “On Measuring Political Violence: Northern Ireland, 1969 to 1980.” American Sociological Review 58.4 (1993): 575–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

White, Robert W., and White, Terry Falkenberg. “Repression and the Liberal State: The Case of Northern Ireland, 1969–1972.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 39.2 (1995): 330–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wignaraja, Ponna. New Social Movements in the South: Empowering the People. London: Zed Books, 1993.Google Scholar

Wignaraja, Ponna“Will the President Hear the Voice of the People?.” Johnson's Russia List 2417. October 7 (1998). <http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/2417.html##1>.

Wille, Anchrit. “Political Responses to Dissatisfaction in Russia.” Journal of Happiness Studies 2.2 (2001): 205–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wood, Elisabeth Jean. Forging Democracy from Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Woodruff, David. Money Unmade: Barter and the Fate of Russian Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

,World Bank. Transition the First Ten Years: Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, 2002.

Yargomskaya, Natalia. “The Effects of the Electoral System and Electoral Strategy.” The 1999–2000 National Elections in Russia: Analyses, Documents and Data. Eds. Gelman, Vladimir, Golosov, Grigorii, and Meleshkina, E. I. U.. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 2005. 76–89.Google Scholar

Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich. Midnight Diaries. 1st ed. Trans. Fitzpatrick, Catherine A.. New York: Public Affairs, 2000.Google Scholar

Zetka, James R.. “Work Organization and Wildcat Strikes in the U.S. Automobile Industry, 1946 to 1963.” American Sociological Review 57.2 (1992): 214–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zhang, Baohui. “Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy.” Comparative Political Studies 27.1 (1994): 108–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zimmermann, Ekkart. Soziologie Der Politischen Gewalt: Darst. U. Kritik Vergleichender Aggregatdatenanalysen Aus D. USA. Stuttgart: Enke, 1977.Google Scholar