Andriaholinirina, N., Baden, A., Blanco, M., et al. (2014). Varecia variegata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T22918A16121857.en (accessed 27 August 2018).Google Scholar

Baden, A. L., Wright, P. C., Louis, E. E. & Bradley, B. J. (2013). Communal nesting, kinship, and maternal success in a social primate. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 67, 1939–50.Google Scholar

Balko, E. A. (1998). A behaviorally plastic response to forest composition and logging disturbance by Varecia variegata variegata in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. PhD dissertation, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.Google Scholar

Balmford, A. & Whitten, T. (2003). Who should pay for tropical conservation, and how could the costs be met? Oryx, 37, 238–50.Google Scholar

Berkes, F. (2007). Community-based conservation in a globalized world. PNAS, 104, 15188–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Born, J., Boreaux, V. & Lawes, M. J. (2009). Synthesis: sharing ecological knowledge – the way forward. Biotropica, 41, 586–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Braunisch, V., Home, R., Pellet, J. & Arlettaz, R. (2012). Conservation science relevant to action: a research agenda identified and prioritized by practitioners. Biological Conservation, 153, 201–10.Google Scholar

Brown, K. A., Johnson, S. E., Parks, K., et al. (2013). Use of provisioning ecosystem services drives loss of functional traits across land use intensification gradients in tropical forests in Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 161, 118–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cardoso, I. M., Guijt, I., Franco, F. S., Carvalho, A. F. & Neto, P. S. F. (2001). Continual learning for agroforestry system design: university, NGO and farmer partnership in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Agricultural Systems, 69, 235–57.Google Scholar

da Fonseca, G. A. B. (2003). Conservation science and NGOs. Conservation Biology, 17, 345–7.Google Scholar

Duchelle, A. E., Biedenweg, K., Lucas, C., et al. (2009). Graduate students and knowledge exchange with local stakeholders: possibilities and preparation. Biotropica, 41, 578–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duffy, R. (2006). Non-governmental organisations and governance states: the impact of transnational environmental management networks in Madagascar. Environmental Politics, 15, 731–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eshun, G. & Tonto, J. N. P. (2014). Community-based ecotourism: its socio-economic impacts at Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana. Bulletin of Geography: Socio-Economic Series, 26, 67–81.Google Scholar

ESRI (2016). ArcGIS Desktop. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.Google Scholar

Frasier, C. L., Rakotonarina, J.-N., Razanajatovo, L. G., et al. (2015). Expanding knowledge on life history traits and infant development in greater bamboo lemurs (Prolemur simus): contributions from Kianjavato, Madagascar. Primate Conservation, 29, 75–86.Google Scholar

Garnett, S. T., Crowley, G. M., Hunter-Xenie, H., et al. (2009). Transformative knowledge transfer through empowering and paying community researchers. Biotropica, 41, 571–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gezon, L. L. (2000). The changing face of NGOs: structure and communitas in conservation and development in Madagascar. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 29, 181–215.Google Scholar

Githiru, M. & Lens, L. (2007). Application of fragmentation research to conservation planning for multiple stakeholders: an example from the Taita Hills, southeast Kenya. Biological Conservation, 134, 271–8.Google Scholar

Goodman, S. M. & Ganzhorn, J. U. (2004). Biogeography of lemurs in the humid forests of Madagascar: the role of elevational distribution and rivers. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 47–55.Google Scholar

Google Inc. (2009). Google Earth. 5.1.3509.4636 edn.: Google Inc. and Digital Globe.Google Scholar

Guthrie, N. K., Holmes, S. M., Gordon, A. D., et al. (2017). A lack of cathemeral activity in Varecia variegata in Kianjavato, Madagascar. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 162(S64), 205–6.Google Scholar

Hannah, L., Rakotosamimanana, B., Ganzhorn, J., et al. (1998). Participatory planning, scientific priorities, and landscape conservation in Madagascar. Environmental Conservation, 25, 30–6.Google Scholar

Harper, G., Steininger, M. K., Tucker, C. J., Juhn, D. & Hawkins, F. (2007). Fifty years of deforestation and forest fragmentation in Madagascar. Environmental Conservation, 34, 325–33.Google Scholar

Holmes, S. M. (2012). Habitat use and population genetics of the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) in a fragmented landscape in southeastern Madagascar. MA Thesis, University of Calgary.Google Scholar

Holmes, S. M., Baden, A. L., Brenneman, R. A., et al. (2013). Patch size and isolation influence genetic patterns in black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) populations. Conservation Genetics, 14, 615–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holmes, S. M., Yaney-Keller, A. M., Rafidimanana, D. V., et al. (2015). Lemur population surveys in the Kianjavato region. Lemur News, 19, 9–11.Google Scholar

Holmes, S. M., Gordon, A. D., Louis, E. E. J. & Johnson, S. E. (2016). Fission–fusion dynamics in black-and-white ruffed lemurs may facilitate both feeding strategies and communal care of infants in a spatially and temporally variable environment. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 70(11), 1949–60.Google Scholar

Irwin, M. T., Johnson, S. E. & Wright, P. C. (2005). The state of lemur conservation in south-eastern Madagascar: population and habitat assessments for diurnal and cathemeral lemurs using surveys, satellite imagery and GIS. Oryx, 39, 204–18.Google Scholar

Johnson, S. E., Puyravaud, J.-P., Ratelolahy, F. J., et al. (2004). Biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbance at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) Annual Meeting, 2004.Google Scholar

Johnson, S. E., Wright, P., Keitt, T. H., et al. (2005). Predictors of local variation in lemur abundance at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 40, 122.Google Scholar

Johnson, S. E., Gordon, A. D., Raichlen, D. A., et al. (2011). Search strategies in frugivorous lemurs in southeastern Madagascar: are lévy walks used? American Journal of Primatology, 73(s1), 57.Google Scholar

Kainer, K. A., DiGiano, M. L., Duchelle, A. E., et al. (2009). Partnering for greater success: local stakeholders and research in tropical biology and conservation. Biotropica, 41, 555–62.Google Scholar

Lovejoy, T. E. (2009). Responsibilities of 21st-century scientists. Biotropica, 41, 531.Google Scholar

Manjaribe, C., Frasier, C. L., Rakouth, B. & Louis, E. E. J. (2013). Ecological restoration and reforestation of fragmented forests in Kianjavato, Madagascar. International Journal of Ecology, 2013, 1–12.Google Scholar

McAlpine, C. A., Ryan, J. G., Seabrook, L., et al. (2010). More than CO₂: a broader paradigm for managing climate change and variability to avoid ecosystem collapse. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2, 334–46.Google Scholar

Meijaard, E. & Sheil, D. (2007). Is wildlife research useful for wildlife conservation in the tropics? A review for Borneo with global implications. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16, 3053–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rudel, T. K. (2001). Sequestering carbon in tropical forests: experiments, policy implications, and climatic change. Society & Natural Resources, 14, 525–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schindler, S., Curado, N., Nikolov, S. C., et al. (2011). From research to implementation: nature conservation in the Eastern Rhodopes mountains (Greece and Bulgaria), European Green Belt. Journal for Nature Conservation, 19, 193–201.Google Scholar

Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R. A., Davies, N., et al. (eds) (2013). Lemurs of Madagascar: A Strategy for Their Conservation 2013–2016, Bristol: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, Conservation International.Google Scholar

Seagle, C. (2012). Inverting the impacts: mining, conservation and sustainability claims near the Rio Tinto/QMM ilmenite mine in Southeast Madagascar. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39, 447–77.Google Scholar

Shanley, P. & López, C. (2009). Out of the loop: why research rarely reaches policy makers and the public and what can be done. Biotropica, 41, 535–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, R. J., Verissimo, D., Leader-Williams, N., Cowling, R. M. & Knight, A. T. (2009). Let the locals lead. Nature, 462, 280–1.Google Scholar

Sterling, E. J., Betley, E., Sigouin, A., et al. (2017). Assessing the evidence for stakeholder engagement in biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation, 209, 159–71.Google Scholar

Strier, K. B. & Boubli, J. P. (2006). A history of long-term research and conservation of northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga/RPPN-FMA. Primate Conservation, 20, 53–63.Google Scholar

Sunderland, T., Sunderland-Groves, J., Shanley, P. & Campbell, B. (2009). Bridging the gap: how can information access and exchange between conservation biologists and field practitioners be improved for better conservation outcomes? Biotropica, 41, 549–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vasey, N. (2005). New developments in the behavioral ecology and conservation of ruffed lemurs (Varecia). American Journal of Primatology, 66, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

White, F. J., Overdorff, D. J., Balko, E. A. & Wright, P. C. (1995). Distribution of ruffed lemurs (Varecia-variegata) in Ranomafana National-Park, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica, 64, 124–31.Google Scholar

Wright, P. C. & Andriamihaja, B. A. (2002). Making a rain forest national park work in Madagascar: Ranomafana National Park and its long-term research commitment. In Terborgh, J., van Schaik, C., Rao, M. & Davenport, L. (eds) Making Parks Work: Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press, pp. 112–36.Google Scholar