Abedin, M. 2006 Iranian Public Opinion and the Nuclear Stand-OffMideast Monitor 1 2
Acemoglu, D.Robinson, J. 2005 Economic Origins of Dictatorship and DemocracyCambridge University Press
Acton, J. 2009 Extended Deterrence and Communicating ResolveStrategic Insights 8 1
Adler-Karlsson, G. 1968 Western Economic Warfare, 1947–1967StockholmAlmquist & Wiksell
Albright, D. 2010 ISIS Special Report: Libya: A Major Sale at LastWashington, DCInstitute for Science and International Security
Albright, D.Hibbs, M. 1991 Iraq’s Nuclear Hide-and-SeekBulletin of the Atomic Scientists 47 14
Albright, D.Shire, J. 2009
Albright, D.Brannan, P.Shire, J. 2009
Albright, M. 2003 Madam Secretary: A MemoirNew YorkHyperion
Alfoneh, A. 2008 The Revolutionary Guards’ Role in Iranian PoliticsMiddle East Quarterly 15 3
Allen, S.H. 2005 The Determinants of Economic Sanctions Success and FailureInternational Interactions 31 117
Allen, S.H. 2008 Political Institutions and Constrained Response to Economic SanctionsForeign Policy Analysis 4 255
Allen, S.H. 2008 The Domestic Political Costs of Economic SanctionsJournal of Conflict Resolution 52 916
Alnasrawi, A. 2001 Iraq: Economic Sanctions and Consequences, 1990–2000Third World Quarterly 22 205
Amirpur, K. 2006
Amuzegar, J. 2002 The SAIS ReviewJohns Hopkins University Press
Amuzegar, J. 2010
Anderson, J.L. 2010
Anderson, L. 2003
Anderson, S 2003
Andreas, P. 2005 Criminalizing Consequences of SanctionsInternational Studies Quarterly 49 335
Andrews, D.M. 2006 International Monetary PowerIthacaCornell University Press
Ang, A.U.Peksen, D. 2007 When Do Economic Sanctions Work?Political Research Quarterly 60 135
Ansari, A. 2010 The Revolution Will Be MercantilizedThe National Interest 105 50
Ansari, A. 2010
Aref, B.Farahany, B. 2010
Arms Control Association (ACA) 1998
Arms Control Association (ACA) 2007 www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/LibyaChronology
Arms Control Association (ACA) 2009 www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/dprkchron
Arms Control Association (ACA) 2009 www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Iran_Nuclear_Proposals
Arms Control Association (ACA) 2010
Art, R.J. 2003 The United States and Coercive DiplomacyArt, R.J.Cronin, P.M.Washington, DCUnited States Institute of Peace
Asher, D.L. 2007
Asia Society Center on US-China Relations and The University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation 2009
Askari, H. 2010
Axelrod, R.Keohane, R.O. 1985 Achieving Cooperation Under AnarchyWorld Politics 38 226
Baily, M.N. 1974 Wages and Employment Under Uncertain DemandThe Review of Economic Studies 41 37
Baldwin, D.A. 1971 The Power of Positive SanctionsWorld Politics 24 19
Baldwin, D.A. 1971 Thinking About Threat. Journal of Conflict Resolution 15 71
Baldwin, D.A. 1985 Economic StatecraftPrinceton University Press
Baldwin, D.A. 1998 Evaluating Economic SanctionsInternational Security 23 189
Baldwin, D.A. 1999 2000 The Sanctions Debate and the Logic of ChoiceInternational Security 24 80
Baldwin, D.A. 2003 Prologamena to Thinking About Economic Sanctions and Free TradeChicago Journal of International Law 4 271
Baram, A. 2000 The Effect of Iraqi SanctionsMiddle East Journal 54 194
Barro, R.J. 1977 Long-term Contracting, Sticky Prices, and Monetary PolicyJournal of Monetary Economics 3 305
BBC News Persian 2009
Beach, W.W.Kane, T. 2007 Index of Economic FreedomWashington, DCHeritage Foundation
Becker, C.M. 1987 Economic Sanctions Against South AfricaWorld Politics 39 147
Bengio, O. 2000 How Does Saddam Hold On?Foreign Affairs 79 90
Bennett, W.L.Paletz, D.L. 1994 Taken By StormLondonUniversity of Chicago Press
Bernauer, T.Ruloff, D. 1999 The Politics of Positive Incentives in Arms ControlColumbiaUniversity of South Carolina Press
Betts, R.K. 2003 Striking FirstEthics and International Affairs 17 17
Bhatia, S. 1988 Nuclear Rivals in the Middle EastNew YorkRoutledge
Bianchi, A. 2007 Assessing the Effectiveness of the UN Security Council’s Anti-terrorism MeasuresEuropean Journal of International Law 17 881
Biersteker, T.J. 2004
Biersteker, T.J.Eckert, S.Halegua, A.Romaniuk, P. 2005 International Sanctions: Between War and Words in the International SystemWallensteen, P.Staibano, C.LondonRoutledge
Blechman, B.Brumberg, D. 2010 Engagement, Coercion, and Iran’s Nuclear Challenge: Report of a Joint Study Group on U.S.-Iran PolicyWashington, DCThe Henry L. Stimson Center
Bolks, S.Al-Sowayel, D. 2000 How Long Do Economic Sanctions Last?Political Research Quarterly 53 241
Bolton, J. 2007 Surrender Is Not an OptionNew YorkThreshold Editions
Bonds, T.Baiocchi, D.McDonald, L. 2010 Army Deployments to OIF and OEFArlingtonRand Corporation
Boothroyd, P.Xuan Nam, P. 2000 Socioeconomic Renovation in Viet Nam: The Origin, Evolution, and Impact of Doi MoiSingaporeInstitute of Southeast Asian Studies
Bornstein, M. 1968 Economic Sanctions and Rewards in Support of Arms Control AgreementsAmerican Economic Review 58 417
Bowen, W.O. 2006
Bowen, W.O. 2008 Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with Technology and PolicyDoyle, JamesNew YorkElsevier Inc
Bracken, P. 2007 Financial WarfareOrbis 51 685
Brands, H.Palkki, D. 2010
Braun, C.Chyba, C.F. 2004 Proliferation RingsInternational Security 29 5
Braut-Hegghammer, M. 2008 Libya’s Nuclear Turnaround: Perspectives From TripoliThe Middle East Journal 62 55
Brooks, R.A. 2002 Sanctions and Regime TypeSecurity Studies 11 1
Broz, J.L.Frieden, J. 2006 The Oxford Handbook of Political EconomyWeingast, B.R.Wittman, D.New YorkOxford University Press
Bruno, G. 2009
Brzoska, M. 2003 From Dumb to Smart?Global Governance 9 519
Brzoska, M. 2008 Measuring the Effectiveness of Arms EmbargoesPeace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 14
Buchta, W. 2000 Who Rules Iran? The Structure of Power in the Islamic RepublicWashington, DC
Buck, L.Gallant, N.Nossal, K.R. 1998 Sanctions as a Gendered Instrument of StatecraftReview of International Studies 24 69
Buell, R.L. 1932 Are Sanctions Necessary for a Successful International Organization?The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 162 93
Bueno de Mesquita, B.Siverson, R.M. 1995 War and the Survival of Political LeadersAmerican Political Science Review 89 841
Bueno de Mesquita, B.Morrow, J.D.Siverson, R.M.Smith, A. 1999 An Institutional Explanation of the Democratic PeaceAmerican Political Science Review 93 791
Bueno de Mesquita, B.Morrow, J.D.Siverson, R.M.Smith, A. 2003 The Logic of Political SurvivalCambridge, MAMIT Press
Burr, W.Richelson, J. 2001 Whether to Strangle the Baby in the CradleInternational Security 25 54
Butler, R. 2000 The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the Growing Crisis of Global SecurityNew YorkPublicAffairs
Byman, D. 2008 An Autopsy of the Iraqi DebacleSecurity Studies 17 599
Byman, D.Lind, J. 2010 Pyongyang’s Survival StrategyInternational Security 35 44
Byman, D.Waxman, M.C. 2002 The Dynamics of Coercion: American Foreign Policy and the Limits of Military MightLondonCambridge University Press
Carter, B.E. 1987 International Economic SanctionsCalifornia Law Review 75 1159
Carter, B.E. 1988 International Economic SanctionsNew YorkCambridge University Press
Casey, G. 2009 The Army of the 21st CenturyArmy25
Central Intelligence Agency 2004 Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMDLangleyCentral Intelligence Agency
Chan, S.Drury, A.C. 2000 Sanctions as Economic StatecraftLondonMacmillan; New York: St. Martin’s
Chang, S. 2007
Chang, S. 2008 Why Has North Korea Responded Positively to the Nuclear Talks in 2007?North Korean Review 4 6
Chang, S.Kim, S.H. 2007 Economic Sanctions Against a Nuclear North KoreaJeffersonMcFarland & Company, Inc
Chanlett-Avery, E.Taylor, M.A. 2010
Chinoy, M. 2008 MeltdownNew YorkSt. Martin’s Press
Choi, J. 2009
Chubin, S. 2010 The Iranian Nuclear Riddle After June 12The Washington Quarterly 33 163
Chubin, S. 2010
Chubin, S.Litwak, R. 2003 Debating Iran’s Nuclear AspirationsThe Washington Quarterly 26 99
Cirincione, J.Wolfstahl, J.B.Rajkumar, M. 2005 Deadly Arsenal: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical ThreatsWashington, DCCarnegie Endowment for International Peace
Claire, R. 2004 Raid on the SunNew YorkBroadway
Clark, H.L.Wang, L.W. 2007
Clawson, P. 2010 The Perfect Handshake With IranWashington, DCThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy
CNN 1998
Cockburn, A.Cockburn, P. 2002 Saddam Hussein: An American ObsessionLondonVerso
Cohen, E.A. 2003 Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in WartimeNew YorkThe Free Press, Simon & Schuster, Inc
Collier, D. 1995 Translating Quantitative Methods for Qualitative ResearchersAmerican Political Science Review 89 461
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 2000
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1996
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1996
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1992
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1992
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1994
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 2001
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1998
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1998
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1988
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1998
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC)
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1992
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1995
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1985
Conflict Records Research Center (CRRC) 1994
Cooper, J.H. 1989 On Income Distribution and Economic SanctionsSouth African Journal of Economics 57 14
Cordesman, A.H.Hashim, A.S. 1997 Iraq: Sanctions and BeyondBoulderWestview Press
Cortright, D. 2001
Cortright, D.Lopez, G.A. 1995 The Sanctions EraThe Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 19 65
Cortright, D.Lopez, G.A. 1999 Are Sanctions Just?Journal of International Affairs 55 735
Cortright, D.Lopez, G.A. 2000 The Sanctions DecadeBoulderLynne Rienner Publishers, Inc
Cortright, D.Lopez, G.A. 2002 Smart Sanctions: Targeted Economic StatecraftNew YorkRowman & Littlefield
Cortright, D.Väyrynen, R. 2010 Towards Nuclear ZeroNew YorkRoutledge
Cox, D.G.Drury, A.C. 2006 Democratic Sanctions: Connecting the Democratic Peace and Economic SanctionsJournal of Peace Research 43 709
Crane, K. 2010 The Strategic Implications of the Iranian Nuclear ProgramKrause, J.Mallory, C.K.GermanyAspen Institute
Crawford, N.C.Klotz, A. 1999 How Sanctions Work: Lessons From South AfricaNew YorkSt. Martin’s Press, Inc
Crumm, E.M. 1995 The Value of Economic Incentives in International-PoliticsJournal of Peace Research 32 313
Cummings, J. 2006
Dallek, R. 1984 Ronald Reagan: The Politics of SymbolismCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Damrosch, L.F. 1994 The Collective Enforcement of International Norms Through Economic SanctionsEthics and International Affairs 8 59
Danilovic, V. 2001 The Sources of Threat in Extended DeterrenceJournal of Conflict Resolution 45 341
Dashti-Gibson, J.Davis, P.Radcliff, B. 1997 On the Determinants of the Success of Economic SanctionsAmerican Journal of Political Science 41 608
David, S.R. 1991 Explaining Third World AlignmentWorld Politics 43 233
Davis, J.W. 2000 Threats and PromisesBaltimoreJohns Hopkins University Press
Davis, L.Engerman, S. 2003 History Lessons – SanctionsJournal of Economic Perspectives 17 187
Davis, P.A. 1999 The Art of Economic PersuasionAnn ArborUniversity of Michigan Press
Dehghanpisheh, B. 2010
Desch, M. 2007 Bush and the GeneralsForeign Affairs 86 97
Dorn, W.A.Fulton, A. 1997 Securing Compliance with Disarmament TreatiesGlobal Governance 1 17
Dorussen, H. 2001 Mixing Carrots With SticksJournal of Peace Research 38 251
Doxey, M.P. 1971 Economic Sanctions and International EnforcementNew YorkOxford University Press
Dreze, J.Gazdar, H. 1992 Hunger and Poverty in Iraq, 1991World Development 20 921
Drezner, D.W. 1998 Conflict Expectations and the Paradox of Economic CoercionInternational Studies Quarterly 42 709
Drezner, D.W. 1999 The Sanctions ParadoxCambridge University Press
Drezner, D.W. 1999 The Trouble with Carrots: Transaction Costs, Conflict Expectations, and Economic InducementsSecurity Studies 9 188
Drezner, D.W. 2000 Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral SanctionsInternational Organization 54 73
Drezner, D.W. 2007 All Politics Is GlobalPrinceton University Press
Drezner, D.W. 2010
Drury, A.C. 2001 Sanctions as Coercive DiplomacyPolitical Research Quarterly 54 485
Duelfer, C. 2004 www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/index.html
Duelfer, C. 2009 Hide and Seek: The Search for Truth in IraqNew YorkPublicAffairs
Dunn, L.A. 1998 On Proliferation WatchThe Nonproliferation Review 5 59
Dyson, T. 2009 New Evidence on Child Mortality in IraqEconomic and Political Weekly 44 56
Early, B.R. 2009 Sleeping With Your Friends’ EnemiesInternational Studies Quarterly 53 49
Eaton, J.Engers, M. 1992 SanctionsJournal of Political Economy 100 899
Eberstadt, N. 2004
Eckert, S. 2008 The Use of Financial Measures to Promote SecurityJournal of International Affairs 62 103
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2001 Country Report: LibyaLondonThe Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 Country Report: IranLondonThe Economist Intelligence Unit
Eisenberg, L. 1997 Editorial: The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters–Human Costs of Economic SanctionsNew England Journal of Medicine 336 1247
Elliott, K.A. 1998 The Sanctions GlassInternational Security 23 50
Elliott, K.A. 2002 Smart Sanctions: Targeting Economic StatecraftCortright, D.Lopez, G.A.New YorkRowman & Littlefield
Elster, J. 1989 Nuts and Bolts for the Social SciencesNew YorkCambridge University Press
Engel, J.A. 2005 Of Fat and Thin CommunistsDiplomatic History 29 445
Engelberg, S. 2010
Entelis, J.P. 2008 Libya Since 1969Vandewalle, D.New YorkPalgrave Macmillan
Escribà-Folch, A. 2007 Economic Growth and Potential Punishment Under DictatorshipKyklos 60 187
Escribà-Folch, A.Wright, J. 2010 Economic Sanctions and the Duration of Civil ConflictsJournal of Peace Research 47 129
Esfandiari, G. 2003
Estelami, H. 1999 A Study of Iran’s Responses to US Economic SanctionsMiddle East Review of International Affairs 3 51
Etemad, Melli 2010
Falleti, T.G.Lynch, J.F. 2009 Context and Causal Mechanisms in Political AnalysisComparative Political Studies 42 1143
Farmer, R.D. 1999
Farmer, R.D. 2000 Costs of Economic Sanctions to the SenderThe World Economy 23 93
Fearon, J.D. 1994 Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International DisputesAmerican Political Science Review 88 577
Fearon, J.D. 1994 Signaling versus the Balance of Power and InterestsJournal of Conflict Resolution 38 236
Fearon, J.D. 1997 Signaling Foreign Policy InterestsJournal of Conflict Resolution 41 68
Feaver, P.D.Lorber, E. 2010 Coercive Diplomacy: Evaluating the Consequences of Financial SanctionsLondonLegatum Institute
Federal Bureau of Investigation 2004 Ali Hassan al-Majid (aka “Chemical Ali”) and Sabir Abdul-Aziz al-DuriWashington, DCFederal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation 2004 Written InterviewsWashington, DCFederal Bureau of Investigation
Feffer, J. 2010
Feldman, S. 1997 Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control in the Middle EastCambridge, MACenter for Science and International Affairs
Feng, Z. 2010 PacNet No. 60Washington, DCCenter for Strategic and International Studies
Fiedorowicz, G. 1936 Historical Survey of the Application of SanctionsTransactions of the Grotius Society 22 117
Fisher, M. 2010
Fitzpatrick, M. 2006 Iran and North KoreaSurvival 48 61
Fitzpatrick, M. 2010
Fitzpatrick, M. 2011
Foot, R. 2007 The United Nations, Counter-Terrorism, and Human RightsHuman Rights Quarterly 29 489
Foran, V.I.Spector, L.S. 1997 The Price of PeaceCortright, D.LanhamRowman & Littlefield
Ford, C.A.Yuan, J.Choubey, D. 2009 Book Review RoundtableAsia Policy 7 113
Førland, T.E. 1990 An Act of Economic Warfare?The International History Review 12 490
Førland, T.E. 1991 Economic Warfare” and “Strategic GoodsJournal of Peace Research 28 191
Førland, T.E. 1993 The History of Economic WarfareJournal of Peace Research 30 151
Foroohar, K. 2010
Frieden, J.A.Rogowski, R. 1996 Internationalization and Domestic PoliticsKeohane, R.O.Milner, H.V.New YorkCambridge University Press
Fruchart, D.Holtom, P.Strandow, D.Wallensteen, P.Wezeman, S. 2007 United Nations Arms EmbargoesStockholmSIPRI
Fuhrmann, M.Kreps, S. 2010 Targeting Nuclear Programs in War and Peace: A Quantitative Empirical Analysis, 1941–2000Journal of Conflict Resolution 54 831
Funabashi, Y. 2007 The Peninsula QuestionWashington, DCThe Brookings Institution
Gallucci, R. L. 2011
Galtung, J. 1967 On the Effects of International Economic SanctionsWorld Politics 19 378
Ganji, A 2009
Garrett, G.Weingast, B. 1993 Ideas and Foreign PolicyGoldstein, J.Keohane, R.O.IthacaCornell University Press
Gas Matters 2010
GauseIII, F.G. 1999
GauseIII, F.G. 2010 The International Relations of the Persian GulfNew YorkCambridge University Press
Gawdat, B. 2007 The Proliferation of Weapons of Mass DestructionArab Studies Quarterly 29 21
George, A.L.Smoke, R. 1974 Deterrence in American Foreign PolicyNew YorkColumbia University Press
George, A.L. 1992 Forceful PersuasionWashington, DCUnited States Institute of Peace
George, A.L.Bennett, A. 2005 Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social SciencesCambridge, MAMIT Press
Gershenson, D. 2002 Sanctions and Civil ConflictEconomica 69 185
Ghajar, S. 2010
Gierbolini, L. 1997 The Helms-Burton ActJournal of Transnational Law and Policy 6 289
Goldberg, J. 2010
Goldemberg, J.Feiveson, H.A. 1994 Denuclearization in Argentina and BrazilArms Control Today 24 10
Goldschmidt, P. 2010
Goodkind, D.West, L. 2001 The North Korean Famine and its Demographic ImpactPopulation and Development Review 27 219
Gordon, J. 2010 Invisible WarCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Gottemoeller, R. 2007 The Evolution of Sanctions in Practice and TheorySurvival 49 99
Graham-Brown, S. 1999 Sanctioning SaddamNew YorkI.B. Tauris
Grim, R. 2010
Gulal, S.A. 2001 How Saddam Gained Upper HandEconomic and Political Weekly 36 3026
Guo, J. 2009
Ha, Y. 1978 Nuclearization of Small States and World OrderAsian Survey 18 1134
Haass, R.N. 1997
Haass, R.N. 1998 Economic Sanctions and American DiplomacyNew YorkCouncil on Foreign Relations Press
Haass, R.N.O’Sullivan, M. 2000 Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign PolicyWashington, DCThe Brookings Institution
Hafezi, M.Mostashari, A.Alvandi, R. 2004
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2007 Famine in North KoreaNew YorkColumbia University Press
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2008 North Korea’s Foreign Economic RelationsInternational Relations of the Asia-Pacific 8 219
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2009 North Korea in 2008Asian Survey 49 98
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2009 Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and ProliferationAsian Survey 50 539
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2010 Policy Brief 10–1Washington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2010 Sanctioning North KoreaAsia Survey 50 539
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2010 Working Paper WP 10–2Washington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Haggard, S.Noland, M. 2011
Haggard, S.Pinkston, D. 2010
Hannay, D. 2009 Three Iraqi Intelligence Failures ReconsideredSurvival 51 13
Harris, V.Hatang, S.Liberman, P. 2004 Unveiling South Africa’s Nuclear PastJournal of Southern African Studies 30 457
Harrison, S.S. 2001 Time to Leave Korea?Foreign Affairs 80 62
Harrison, S.S. 2002 Korean EndgamePrinceton University Press
Harrison, S.S. 2005 Did North Korea Cheat?Foreign Affairs 84 99
Harrison, S.S. 2010
Hart, R.A. 2000 Democracy and the Successful Use of Economic SanctionsPolitical Research Quarterly 53 267
Hawkins, D.Lloyd, J. 2003 Questioning Comprehensive SanctionsJournal of Human Rights 2 441
Hayes, P. 1991 Pacific PowderkegSeoulHan-ul Press
Hayes, P. 2010
Hedström, P.Ylikoski, P. 2010 Causal Mechanisms in the Social SciencesAnnual Review of Sociology 36 49
Heinonen, O. 2010 PolicyWatch No. 1715Washington, DCThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Hendrickson, D.C. 1994 The Democratist CrusadeWorld Policy Journal 11 18
Hersh, S. 2003
Hibbs, M. 1987 Iraqi Attack on Bushehr Kills West German Nuclear OfficialNucleonics Week 28
Hibbs, M. 1987 Bushehr Construction Now Remote after Three Iraqi Air StrikesNucleonics Week 28
Hibbs, M. 1991 Bonn will Decline Teheran Bid to Resuscitate Bushehr ProjectNucleonics Week 32
Hinnebusch, R.A. 1993 The Politics of Economic Reform in EgyptThird World Quarterly 14 159
House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee 2008
Hovi, J.Huseby, R.Sprinz, D.F. 2005 When Do (Imposed) Economic Sanctions Work?World Politics 57 479
Hufbauer, G.C.Oegg, B. 2000 Targeted SanctionsLaw and Policy in International Business 32 11
Hufbauer, G.CSchott, J.J.Elliott, K.A. 1990 Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, II EditionWashington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Hufbauer, G.CSchott, J.J.Elliott, K.A. 1990 Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: Supplemental Case HistoriesWashington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Hufbauer, G.CSchott, J.J.Elliott, K.A. 2007 Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, III EditionWashington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Hufbauer, G.CSchott, J.J.Elliott, K.A. 2009 Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, III Edition (Softcover with CD)Washington, DCPeterson Institute for International Economics
Hughes, L.Kreyling, S.J. 2010 Understanding Resource Nationalism in the 21st CenturyJournal of Energy Security
Huntington, S. 1981 The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military RelationsCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Hymans, J.E.C. 2006 The Psychology of Nuclear ProliferationNew YorkCambridge University Press
Ikenberry, G.J. 1988 An Institutional Approach to American Foreign PolicyInternational Organization 42 219
Ikenberry, G.J. 2000 After VictoryPrincetonPrinceton University Press
Ilias, S. 2010
Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies 2006 The Cuban Military in the Economy (Staff Report)Focus on Cuba 46 11
Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) Reports 1999
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2004
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2010
Iranian Human Rights Documentation Center 2007
Islamic Republic News Agency 2007
James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 2010 Nuclear Threat Initiative: Country ProfilesMonterey Institute of International Studies
Jentleson, B.W.Whytock, C.A. 2005 Who “Won” Libya?International Security 30 47
Jervis, R. 1976 Perception and Misperception in International PoliticsPrinceton University Press
Jervis, R. 1980 The Impact of the Korean War on the Cold WarThe Journal of Conflict Resolution 24 563
Jervis, R. 1997 System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social LifePrinceton University Press
Jervis, R. 2010 Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons From the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq WarIthacaCornell University Press
Joffe, G. 2008 Libya Since 1969Vandewalle, D.New YorkPalgrave Macmillan
Jones, P. 1998 Iran’s Threat Perceptions and Arms Control PoliciesThe Nonproliferation Review39
Joseph, R.G. 2009 Countering WMDFairfaxNational Institute Press
Kaempfer, W.H.Lowenberg, A.D. 1988 The Theory of International Economic SanctionsAmerican Economic Review 78 786
Kaempfer, W.H.Lowenberg, A.D. 1992 International Economic SanctionsBoulderWestview Press
Kaempfer, W.H.Lowenberg, A.D. 1999 Unilateral Versus Multilateral International SanctionsInternational Studies Quarterly 43 37
Kaempfer, W.H.Lowenberg, A.D.Mertens, W. 2004 International Economic Sanctions Against a DictatorEconomics and Politics 16 29
Kahler, M.Kastner, S.L. 2006 Strategic Uses of Economic InterdependenceJournal of Peace Research 43 523
Katzenstein, P.J.Okawara, N. 2001 Japan, Asian-Pacific Security, and the Case of Analytic EclecticismInternational Security 26 153
Katzenstein, P.J.Sil, R. 2010 Beyond Paradigms: Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World PoliticsNew YorkPalgrave Macmillan
Katzman, K. 2002 Iraq: Compliance, Sanctions, and U.S. PolicyIssue Brief for Congress
Katzman, K. 2009 Iraq: Former Regime Weapons Programs and Outstanding UN IssuesCongressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress
Katzman, K. 2011
Keohane, R.O. 1986 Reciprocity in International RelationsInternational Organization 40
Khatami, M. 1998 Islam, Liberty, and DevelopmentBirminghamInstitute of Global Cultural Studies, State University of New York
Kim, S.Y. 2009 SAIS U.S.-Korea Yearbook 2008Washington, DCJohns Hopkins University
Kirshner, J. 1995 Currency and CoercionPrinceton University Press
Kirshner, J. 1997 The Microfoundations of Economic SanctionsSecurity Studies 6 32
Klebnikov, P. 2003
Klotz, A. 1995 Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against ApartheidIthacaCornell University Press
Knorr, K. 1977 Economic Issues and National SecurityKnorr, K.Trager, F.N.LawrenceRegents Press of Kansas
Koh, B.C. 2005
Krasner, S.D. 1977 Economic Issues and National SecurityKnorr, K.Trager, F.N.LawrenceRegents Press of Kansas
Krasner, S.D. 1977 US Commercial and Monetary PolicyInternational Organization 31 635
Krasno, J.E.Sutterlin, J.S. 2003 The United Nations and IraqWestportPraeger
Kreps, S.Fuhrmann, M. 2011 Attacking the Atom: Does Bombing Nuclear Facilities Affect Proliferation?Journal of Strategic Studies 34 161
Lacy, D.Niou, E.M.S. 2004 A Theory of Economic Sanctions and Issue LinkageJournal of Politics 66 25
Lankov, A. 2008 Staying AliveForeign Affairs 87 9
Lankov, A. 2009 Pyongyang Strikes BackAsia Policy 8 47
Lantos, T. 2004
Larson, E.V.Savych, B. 2005 American Public Support for US Military OperationsArlingtonRand Corporation
Lavoy, P.R. 1993 Nuclear Myths and the Causes of Nuclear ProliferationSecurity Studies 2 192
Leamer, E.E. 1995
Lebovic, J.H. 2007 Deterring International Terrorism and Rogue StatesNew YorkRoutledge
Lebow, R.N. 2003 The Tragic Vision of PoliticsNew YorkCambridge University Press
Lebow, R.N. 2010 Forbidden Fruit: Counterfactuals and International RelationsPrinceton University Press
Lee, A.R.Lee, H.Lee, J.Y.Kim, I.G. 2009 The Paradox of North Korea’s Ideological RadicalismNorth Korean Review 5 46
Lee, S. 2003
Lektzian, D.J.Souva, M. 2007 An Institutional Theory of Sanctions Onset and SuccessJournal of Conflict Resolution 51 848
Lenway, S.A. 1988 Between War and CommerceInternational Organization 42 397
Levitt, M. 2010
Levy, J.S. 2000 Handbook of War Studies IIMidlarsky, M.I.Ann Arbor, MIUniversity of Michigan Press
Lewis, J.W.Carlin, R. 2010
Liberman, P. 2001 The Rise and Fall of the South African BombInternational Security 26 45
Lim, J. 2009 Kim Jong Il’s Leadership of North KoreaNew YorkRoutledge
Lindsay, J. 1986 Trade Sanctions as Policy Instruments: A Re-ExaminationInternational Studies Quarterly 30 153
Lindsay, J.Takeyh, R. 2010 After Iran Gets the BombForeign Affairs 89 33
Liss, J. 2007 Making Monetary MischiefWorld Policy Journal 24 29
Litwak, R.S. 2002 The New Calculus of PreemptionSurvival 44 53
Litwak, R.S. 2003 Non-proliferation and the Dilemmas of Regime ChangeSurvival 45 7
Litwak, R.S. 2007 Regime ChangeWashington, DCWoodrow Wilson Center Press
Loeffler, R. 2009 Bank ShotsForeign Affairs 88 101
Lopez, G.A. 1999 More Ethical Than Not: Sanctions as Surgical ToolsEthics & International Affairs 13 143
Lopez, G.A.Cortright, D. 2004
Lowe, V. 1997 US Extraterritorial JurisdictionInternational and Comparative Law Quarterly 46 378
Mackby, J.Cornish, P. 2008 U.S.-U.K. Nuclear Cooperation After 50 YearsWashington, DCCenter for Strategic and International Studies
MacLachlan, A. 1986
Macleod, S.Siamdoust, N. 2004
Mahley, D. 2004
Major, S.McGann, A.J. 2005 Caught in the CrossfireJournal of Conflict Resolution 49 337
Makhmalbaf, M. 2010
Malloy, M.P. 2006
Malone, D.M. 2006 The International Struggle over IraqNew YorkOxford University Press
Maloney, S. 2009
Maloney, S. 2010 Sanctioning IranThe Washington Quarterly 33 131
Mansfield, E.D. 1995 International Institutions and Economic SanctionsWorld Politics 47 575
Mansfield, E.D. 2004 International Conflict and the Global EconomyMansfield, E.D.CheltenhamEdward Elgar Publishing
Mansourov, A.Y. 1995 Working Paper No. 1995/3AustraliaResearch School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University
Maoz, Z. 1983 Resolve, Capabilities, and the Outcomes of Interstate DisputesJournal of Conflict Resolution 27 195
Maramoto, M. 2008 North Korea and the China ModelOn Korea 1 98
Marinov, N. 2005 Do Economic Sanctions Destabilize Country Leaders?American Journal of Political Science 49 564
Mark, C.R. 2002 Libya: CRS Issue Brief for CongressWashington, DCLibrary of Congress
Marks, S.P. 1999 Economic Sanctions as Human Rights ViolationsAmerican Journal of Public Health 89 1509
Marr, P. 1985 The Modern History of IraqBoulderWestview Press
Martin, L.L. 1992 Coercive CooperationPrinceton University Press
Martin, L.L. 1992 Institutions and CooperationInternational Security 16 143
Martin, L.L. 1993 Credibility, Costs, and InstitutionsWorld Politics 45 406
Martinez, L. 2007 The Libyan ParadoxNew YorkColumbia University Press
Mastanduno, M. 1988 Trade as a Strategic WeaponInternational Organization 42 121
Mastanduno, M. 2008 Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, and CasesSmith, S.Hadfield, A.Dunne, T.New YorkOxford University Press
Mattes, H. 1995 Qadhyafi’s Libya 1969 to 1994Vandewalle, D.New YorkSt. Martin’s
Mazaheri, N. 2010 Iraq and the Domestic Political Effects of Economic SanctionsMiddle East Journal 64 253
Mazarr, M.J. 1995 Going Just a Little NuclearInternational Security 20 92
Mazarr, M.J. 2007
Mazarr, M.J. 2008 The Folly of “Asymmetric War.”The Washington Quarterly 31 33
Mazarr, M.J. 2011
McDermott, R. 1998 Risk Taking in International RelationsAnn ArborUniversity of Michigan Press
McEachern, P. 2008 Interest Groups in North Korean PoliticsJournal of East Asian Studies 8 235
McGillivray, F.Smith, A. 2008 Punishing the Prince: A Theory of Interstate Relations, Political Institutions, and Leader ChangePrinceton University Press
McGillivray, F.Stam, A. C. 2004
MEED 2004
Mehr News Agency 2010
Mehr News Agency 2010
Mercer, J. 2005
Meyer, S.M. 1984 The Dynamics of Nuclear ProliferationUniversity of Chicago Press
Milani, A. 2010
Milani, A. 2010
Miller, T.Kim, A.B. 2010 2010 Index of Economic FreedomWashington, DCHeritage Foundation
Milner, H.Kubota, K. 2005 Why the Move to Free Trade? Democracy and Trade Policy in the Developing CountriesInternational Organization 59 107
Mohamedi, F. 2010
Moon, W.J. 2009 The Origins of the Great North Korean FamineNorth Korean Review 5 105
Mora, F.O. 2002
Morgan, T.C.Bapat, N.A. 2003 Imposing Sanctions: States, Firms, and Economic CoercionInternational Studies Review 5 65
Morgan, T.C.Schwebach, V.L. 1996 Economic Sanctions as Instruments of Foreign PolicyInternational Interactions 21 247
Morgan, T.C.Schwebach, V.L. 1997 Fools Suffer GladlyInternational Studies Quarterly 41 27
Morley, M.H. 1984 The United States and the Global Economic Blockade of CubaCanadian Journal of Political Science 17 25
Morrison, K.M. 2009 Oil, Nontax Revenue, and the Redistributional Foundations of Regime SecurityInternational Organization 63 107
Morrow, J. 1989 Capabilities, Uncertainty, and ResolveAmerican Journal of Political Science 33 941
Moslem, M. 2002 Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini IranSyracuse University Press
Mueller, J. 2010 Atomic ObsessionNew YorkOxford University Press
Mueller, J.Mueller, K. 1999 Sanctions of Mass DestructionForeign Affairs 78 43
Nader, A. 2009
Naji, K. 2008 AhmadinejadLos AngelesUniversity of California Press
Nakdimon, S. 1987 First StrikeNew YorkSummit Books
Nanto, D.K.Chanlett-Avery, E. 2009 North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy AnalysisWashington, DCCongressional Research Service
National Association of Manufacturers 1997
National Committee on North Korea 2007
Newnham, R.E. 2000 More Flies With HoneyInternational Studies Quarterly 44 73
Newnham, R.E. 2002 Deutsche Mark DiplomacyUniversity Park: Pennsylvania State University Press
Niblock, T. 2001 “Pariah States” and Sanctions in the Middle EastBoulderLynne Rienner
Niksch, L.A. 2002 North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons ProgramCRS Report for Congress
Nincic, M. 2005 Renegade RegimesNew YorkColumbia University Press
Nincic, M. 2010 Getting What You Wan. International Security 35 138
Nincic, M. 2011 The Logic of Positive EngagementIthacaCornell University Press
Nincic, M.Wallensteen, P. 1983 Dilemmas of Economic CoercionNew YorkPraeger
Noël, P. 2010
Noland, M. 2004 Korea after Kim Jong-ilWashington, DCInstitute for International Economics
Noland, M. 2005 Famine and Reform in North KoreaAsian Economic Papers 3 1
Noland, M. 2009 Telecoms in North KoreaNorth Korea Review 5 62
Noland, M. 2009 The (Non) Impact of UN Sanctions on North KoreaAsia Policy 7 61
Nooruddin, I. 2002 Modeling Selection Bias in Studies of Sanctions EfficacyInternational Interactions 28 57
Normark, M.Lindblad, A.Norqvist, A.Sandström, B.Waldenström, L. 2005 Israel and WMD: Incentives and CapabilitiesSwedish Defence Research Agency
North Korea Leadership Watch 2010
Nossal, K.R 1989 International Sanctions as International PunishmentInternational Organization 43 301
Nourbakhsh, A.A. 2005
Nye, J.S. 2008 Public Diplomacy and Soft PowerThe Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616 94
Office of the Vice President 2004 Vice President Participates in a Q&A at the Boone County Lumber Company in Columbia, MissouriWhite House Archives
O’Sullivan, M.L. 2003 Shrewd SanctionWashington, DCBrookings Institution Press
Oye, K.A. 1985 Explaining Cooperation Under AnarchyWorld Politics 38 1
Pant, H.V. 2010
Pape, R. 1997 Why Economic Sanctions Do Not WorkInternational Security 22 90
Pape, R. 1998 Why Economic Sanctions Still Do Not WorkInternational Security 23 66
Pargeter, A. 2000 Anglo-Libyan Relations and the Suez CrisisJournal of North African Studies 5 41
PBS 1999
Peksen, D. 2009 Better or Worse?Journal of Peace Research 46 59
Peksen, D. 2010 Coercive Diplomacy and Press FreedomInternational Political Science Review 31 449
Peksen, D.Drury, A.C. 2009 Economic Sanctions and Political RepressionHuman Rights Review 10 393
Perkovich, G. 2009
Perry, G. 1971 Political ElitesColchesterECPR Press
Pesaran, H.M. 2000 The Economy of Iran: Dilemmas of an Islamic StateAlizadeh, P.New YorkI.B. Tauris
Pessin, A. 2010
Peterson, Scott. 2009
Pew Research Group 2010
Pickering, T.R. 2010 The Iranian QuagmireBulletin of the Atomic Scientists 66 88
Pinkston, D.A. 2003 Domestic Politics and Stakeholders in the North Korean Missile Development ProgramThe Nonproliferation Review 10 51
Pinkston, D.A.Spector, L.S. 2007
Pollack, J.D. 2003 The United States, North Korea, and the End of the Agreed FrameworkNaval War College Review 56 11
Pollack, K.M. 2002 The Threatening StormNew YorkRandom House
Pollack, K.M. 2004 The Persian PuzzleNew YorkNY: Random House
Post, J.M. 2004 Leaders and Their Followers in a Dangerous World: The Psychology of Political BehaviorIthacaCornell University Press
Potter, W.C.Mukhatzhanova, G. 2008 Divining Nuclear IntentionsInternational Security 33 139
Potter, W.C.Mukhatzhanova, G. 2010 Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: Volume I, The Role of TheoryPalo AltoStanford University Press
Potter, W.C.Mukhatzhanova, G. 2010 Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: Volume II, A Comparative PerspectivePalo AltoStanford University Press
Press, D.G. 2005 Calculating CredibilityIthacaCornell University Press
Pritchard, C.L. 2007 Failed DiplomacyWashington, DCThe Brookings Institution
Pritchard, C.L.Tilleli, J.H. 2010 US Policy Toward the Korean PeninsulaNew YorkCouncil on Foreign Relations Press
Qaddafi, M. 1976 The Green BookLondonMartin, Brian, and O’Keefe
Radio Zamaneh 2010
Ragin, C.C. 2000 Fuzzy-Set Social ScienceLondonUniversity of Chicago Press
Ramberg, B. 2006
Reardon, Robert J. 2010
Redd, S.B. 2002 The Influence of Advisers on Foreign Policy Decision MakingJournal of Conflict Resolution 46 335
Redick, J.R.Carasales, J.C.Wrobel, P.S. 1994 Nuclear RapprochementThe Washington Quarterly 18 107
Reiss, M. 1988 Without the BombNew YorkColumbia University Press
Reiss, M. 1995 Bridled AmbitionWashington, DCWoodrow Wilson Center Press
Reiss, M.Galucci, R. 2005
Reiss, M.Litwak, R.S. 1994 Nuclear Proliferation After the Cold WarWashington, DCWoodrow Wilson Center Press
Reiter, D. 2005 Preventative Attacks Against Nuclear Programs and the “Success” at OsiraqNonproliferation Review 12 255
Reiter, D. 2006 Hitting First, Preventive Force in US Security StrategyKeller, W.W.Mitchell, G.R.Pittsburgh University Press
Rennack, D.E. 2005
Riedel, B.Samore, G. 2008 Restoring the Balance: A Middle East Strategy for the Next PresidentWashington, DCBrookings Institution Press
Ritter, S. 2005 Iraq Confidential: The Untold Story of America’s Intelligence CommunityNew YorkI.B. Tauris
Rodman, K.A. 1995 Sanctions At Bay?International Organization 49 105
Rodman, K.A. 2001 Sanctions Beyond BordersLanhamRowman & Littlefield
Rohde, A. 2010 State-Society Relations in Ba’thist IraqNew YorkRoutledge
Ronen, Y. 2002
Rosecrance, R. 1981 Reward, Punishment, and InterdependenceJournal of Conflict Resolution 25 31
Rowe, D.M. 2001 Manipulating the MarketAnn ArborUniversity of Michigan Press
Rowe, D.M. 2010 The International Studies EncyclopediaDenemark, R.A.Blackwell Publishing
Rowhani, H. 2005
Rowhani, H. 2008
Rozen, L. 2010
Rublee, M.R. 2006 Egypt’s Nuclear Weapons ProgramThe Nonproliferation Review 13 555
Rublee, M.R. 2009 Nonproliferation NormsAthens, GAUniversity of Georgia Press
Sadjadpour, K. 2010
Sadjadpour, K. 2010
Sadjadpour, K. 2010
Sadjadpour, K. 2010
Sadjadpour, K. 2010
Sadjadpour, K.Milani, A. 2009
Sadjadpour, K.Bakhash, S.Cohen, R.Esfandiari, H. 2009
Sagan, S.D. 1996 Why Do States Build Nuclear WeaponsInternational Security 21 54
Schelling, T.C. 1960 The Strategy of ConflictCambridge, MAHarvard University Press
Schelling, T.C. 1966 Arms and InfluenceNew HavenYale University Press
Schelling, T.C. 1976 Who Will Have the Bomb?International Security 1 77
Schelling, T.C. 2006
Schelling, T.C. 2009 A World Without Nuclear Weapons?Daedalus 138 124
Schultz, K.A. 2001 Democracy and Coercive DiplomacyNew YorkCambridge University Press
Schultz, K.A. 2005 The Politics of Risking PeaceInternational Organization 59 1
Schumacher, E. 1986 The United States and LibyaForeign Affairs 65
Security Council Report 2010 www.securitycouncilreport.org/site/c.glKWLeMTIsG/b.2705183
Selden, Z.A. 1999 Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign PolicyWestportPraeger
Setadnet, 2010
Shagabutdinova, E.Berejikian, J. 2007 Deploying Sanctions While Protecting Human RightsJournal of Human Rights 6 59
Shehabaldin, A.Laughlin, W. 1999 Economic Sanctions Against IraqInternational Journal of Human Rights 3 1
Shen, D. 2010
Shuster, M. 2010
Siddiqi, A. 2005 Khatami and the Search for Reform in IranStanford Journal of International Relations 6
Sigal, L.V. 1998 Disarming StrangersPrinceton University Press
Sigal, L.V. 2002
Sigal, L.V. 2005
Sigal, L.V. 2009
Sigal, L.V. 2010
Sil, R.Katzenstein, P. J. 2010
Singh, M. 2009
Skålnes, L.S. 2000 Politics, Markets, and Grand Strategy Ann ArborUniversity of Michigan Press
Slavin, B. 2005
Slavin, B. 2007 Bitter Friends, Bosom EnemiesNew YorkSt. Martin’s Press
Smith, A. 1995 The Success and Use of Economic SanctionsInternational Interactions 21 229
Solingen, E. 1994 The Political Economy of Nuclear RestraintInternational Security 19 126
Solingen, E. 1994 The Domestic Sources of International Regimes: The Evolution of Nuclear Ambiguity in the Middle EastInternational Studies Quarterly 38 305
Solingen, E. 1995 The New Multilateralism and NonproliferationGlobal Governance 1 205
Solingen, E. 1998 Regional Orders at Century’s DawnPrinceton University Press
Solingen, E. 2001 Mapping InternationalizationInternational Studies Quarterly 45 517
Solingen, E. 2007 Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle EastPrinceton University Press
Solingen, E. 2007 Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle EastAmerican Political Science Review 101 757
Solingen, E. 2009 Comparative PoliticsLichbach, M.I.Zuckerman, A.S.New YorkCambridge University Press
Solingen, E. 2009
Solingen, E. 2010 Forecasting Nuclear ProliferationPotter, W.C.Palo AltoStanford University Press
Solingen, E. 2011 Over the Horizon Proliferation ThreatsLavoy, P.Wirtz, J.Palo AltoStanford University Press
Solingen, E. 2011
Solingen, E. 2012 Finnemore, M.Goldstein, J.
Solingen, E.Wolf, A. 2009
Sørensen, V. 1989 Economic Recovery Versus ContainmentCooperation and Conflict 24 69
Sotomayor Velazquez, A.C. 2000 Civil Military Affairs and Security Institutions in the Southern ConeLatin American Politics and Society 46 29
Spector, L.Berman, D. 2010 Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century: Volume II, A Comparative PerspectivePotter, W.C.Mukhatzhanova, G.Palo AltoStanford University Press
Spector, L.Smith, J. 1990 Nuclear Ambitions: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 1989–1990BoulderWestview
St. John, R.B. 1983 The Ideology of Mu’ammar Al-QadhafiInternational Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 15 471
St. John, R.B. 2004 Libya is Not IraqMiddle East Journal 58 386
St. John, R.B. 2008 Libya Since 1969Vandewalle, D.New YorkPalgrave Macmillan
Steil, B.Litan, R. 2006 Financial StatecraftNew HavenYale University Press
Stein, A.A. 1976 Conflict and CohesionJournal of Conflict Resolution 20 143
Stein, A.A. 1980 The Politics of LinkageWorld Politics 33 62
Stein, A.A. 2003 Economic Interdependence and International ConflictMansfield, E.D.Pollins, B.Ann ArborUniversity of Michigan Press
Stremlau, J. 1996
Stricker, A. 2010
Takeyh, R. 2001 The Rogue Who Came In From the ColdForeign Affairs 80 62
Takeyh, R. 2003 Iran’s Nuclear CalculationsWorld Policy Journal 20 21
Takeyh, R. 2003
Takeyh, R. 2006 Hidden IranNew YorkTimes Books
Takeyh, R.Gvosdev, N.K. 2004 Pragmatism in the Midst of Iranian TurmoilThe Washington Quarterly 27 33
Takeyh, R.Maloney, S. 2011
Takishita, K.M. 2005 U.S. Economic Sanctions Against North KoreaPacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association 14 515
Project, Targeted Financial Sanctions 2004
Tetlock, P.E. 2005 Expert Political Judgment: How Good is It? How Can We Know?Princeton University Press
Thaler, D.E.Nader, A. 2010 Deep-Seated Entanglements: The Web of Iranian Leadership Can Be Negotiated, Not UnraveledRAND Review 34
Thaler, D.E.Nader, A.Chubin, S.Green, J.D.Lynch, C.Wehrey, F. 2010 Mullahs, Guards, and BonyadsSanta MonicaRAND Corporation
Thielmann, G. 2010 The UN Sanctions’ Impact on Iran’s MilitaryArms Control Association 1 11
Tierney, D. 2005 Irrelevant or Malevolent?Review of International Studies 31 645
Tilly, C. 2003 The Politics of Collective ViolenceCambridge University Press
Toloraya, G. 2008 The Economic Future of North Korea. Korea Economic InstituteOn Korea 1 32
Tomz, M. 2007 Domestic Audience Costs in International RelationsInternational Organization 61 821
Tostensen, A.Bull, B. 2002 Are Smart Sanctions Feasible?World Politics 54 373
United Nations Press Release 2006
United States General Accounting Office 1992 Economic Sanctions: Effectiveness as Tools of Foreign PolicyWashington, DC
United States Government Accountability Office 2004 Recovering Iraq’s Assets: Preliminary Observations on U.S. Efforts and ChallengesWashington, DC
United States Government Accountability Office 2007 Iran Sanctions: Impact in Furthering U.S. Objectives is Unclear and Should Be ReviewedWashington, DC
United States Government Accountability Office 2010 Exporters of Refined Petroleum Products to IranWashington, DC
Urquhart, B. 1999
US Energy Information Administration 2010
Vandewalle, D. 2006 A History of Modern LibyaCambridge University Press
VanWagenen, P. 2000 U.S. Economic SanctionsLaw and Policy in International Business 32 239
Volcker, P.A. 2005 Manipulation of the Oil-for-Food Programme by the Iraqi RegimeIndependent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-For-Food Programme
Volcker, P.A.Goldstone, R.J.Pieth, M. 2005 Independent Inquiry into the United Nations Oil-for-Food ProgrammeNew YorkUnited Nations
von Lutterotti, L. 2002 External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European UnionGriller, S.Weidel, B.Springer
Wall, C.R. 2010
Wallensteen, P. 1968 Characteristics of Economic SanctionsJournal of Peace Research 5 248
Wallensteen, P. 2000
Wallensteen, P.Staibano, C. 2005 International SanctionsLondonRoutledge
Walt, S. 2010
Weeks, J.L. 2008 Autocratic Audience CostsInternational Organization 62 35
Wehrey, F.Green, J.D.Nichiporuk, B.Hansell, L.Nafisi, R.Bohandy, S.R. 2009 The Rise of the PasdaranSanta MonicaRAND Corporation
Weschler, W. 2001 Follow the MoneyForeign Affairs 80 40
White House 2002
Wickman, S.B. 2002 North Korea’s Perennial Diet of Carrots and SticksWashington, DCNational Defense University, National War College
Wilkinson, S. 2009 Just How Special is “Special.”Diplomacy and Statecraft 20 291
Williams, B.H. 1943 The Coming of Economic Sanctions Into American PracticeAmerican Journal of International Law 37 386
Wintrobe, R. 1990 The Tinpot and the TotalitarianAmerican Political Science Review 84 849
Wit, J.S. 2010
Wit, J.S.Poneman, D.Gallucci, R.L. 2004 Going CriticalWashington, DCBrookings Institution Press
Wood, R.M. 2008 A Hand Upon the Throat of the NationInternational Studies Quarterly 52 489
Woods, K.M.Stout, M.E. 2010 Saddam’s Perceptions and MisperceptionsJournal of Strategic Studies 33 5
Woods, K.M.Pease, M.R.Stout, M.E.Murray, W.Lacey, J. 2006 Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddam’s Senior LeadershipWashington, DCJoint Center for Operational Analysis
Woods, K.M.Palkki, D.D.Stout, M.E. 2010 A Survey of Saddam’s Audio Files, 1978–2001Washington, DCInstitute for Defense Analyses
Wright, R. 2010
Yonhap News Agency 2003 North Korea HandbookSeoulYonhap News Agency
Yoon, D.Y.Babson, B.O. 2002 Understanding North Korea’s Economic CrisisAsian Economic Papers 1 69
Yoon, S. 2007 An Economic Perspective of Keasong Industrial Complex in North KoreaAmerican Journal of Applied Sciences 4 938
Zarate, J. 2009 Harnessing the Financial FuriesThe Washington Quarterly 32 43
Zeev, M. 1983 Resolve, Capabilities, and the Outcome of Interstate Disputes, 1816-1976Journal of Conflict Resolution 27 195
Zweiri, M. 2010
