References
1. Brill H., Nahas G. (1984). Cannabis intoxication and mental illness. In Marijuana in Science and Medicine, Nahas G. (Ed.). New York: Raven Press.
2. Halikas J. A., Goodwin D. W., Guze S. B. Marihuana effects: a survey of regular users. JAMA, 1971. 217:692–4.
3. Thornicroft G. Cannabis and psychosis: is there epidemiological evidence for association. Br J Psychiatry, 1990. 157:25–33.
4. Georgotas A., Zeidenberg P. Observations on the effects of four weeks of heavy marijuana smoking on group interaction and individual behavior. Compr Psychiatry, 1979. 20:427–32.
5. National Academy of Science (1982). Marijuana and Health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
6. Ghodse A. Cannabis psychosis. Br J Addiction, 1986. 81:473–87.
7. Mueser K., et al. Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull, 1990. 16:31–56.
8. Turner W., Tsuang M. Impact of substance abuse on the course and outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 1990. 16:87–372.
9. Degenhardt L., Hall W. The association between psychosis and problematical drug use among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychol Med, 2001. 31(4):659–68.
10. Degenhardt L. D., Hall W. Is cannabis a contributory cause of psychosis? Can J Psychiatry, 2006. 9:556–65.
11. Green B., Young R., Kavanagh D. Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis. Br J Psychiatry, 2005. 187:306–13.
12. Anthony J., Helzer J. (1991). Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence. In Psychiatric Disorders in America, Robins L. and Regier D. (Eds.). New York: Free Press, Macmillan.
13. Hall W. D., et al. (1998). The prevalence in the past year of substance use and ICD-10 substance use disorders in Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. NDARC Technical Report, vol. 63. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales.
14. Degenhardt L., Hall W. D. The association between psychosis and problematical drug use among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychol Med, 2001. 31(4):659–68.
15. Andreasson S., et al. Cannabis and schizophrenia: a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet, 1987. 2:1483–6.
16. Allebeck P. (1991). Cannabis and schizophrenia: is there a causal association?. In Physiopathology of Illicit Drugs: Cannabis, Cocaine, Opiates, Nahas G. and Latour C. (Eds.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
17. Johnson B. A., Smith B. L., Taylor P. Cannabis and schizophrenia. Lancet, 1988. 1:592–3.
18. Negrete J. Cannabis and schizophrenia. Br Addiction, 1989. 84:349–51.
19. Johnson V. (1988). A longitudinal assessment of predominant patterns of drug use among adolescents and young adults. In Marijuana: An International Research Report, Chesher G., Consroe P., and Musty R. (Eds.). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
20. Kandel D., Faust R. Sequence and stages in patterns of adolescent drug use. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1975. 32:923–32.
21. Angrist B. (1983). Psychoses induced by central nervous system stimulants and related drugs. In Stimulants: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives, Creese I. (Ed.). New York: Raven Press.
22. Bell D. The experimental reproduction of amphetamine psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1973. 29:35–40.
23. Connell P. H. (1958). Amphetamine Psychosis. Maudsley Monograph Number 5. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.
24. Gawin F. H., Ellinwood Jr. E. H. Cocaine and other stimulants. Actions, abuse, and treatment. N Engl J Med, 1988. 318(18):1173–82.
25. Grinspoon L., Hedblom P. (1975). The Speed Culture: Amphetamine Abuse in America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
26. Inghe G. (1969). The present state of abuse and addiction to stimulant drugs in Sweden. In Abuse of Central Stimulants, Sjoqvist F. and Tottie M. (Eds.). New York: Raven Press, pp. 187–214.
27. Goldberg L. Drug abuse in Sweden. Part I. Bull Narc, 1968. 20(1):1–31.
28. Goldberg L. Drug abuse in Sweden. Part II. Bull Narc, 1968. 20(2):9–36.
29. Zammit S., Lewis G. Exploring the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Addiction, 2004. 99(10):1353–5.
30. van Os J., et al. Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol, 2002. 156(4):319–27.
31. Henquet C., et al. Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. Br Med J, 2005. 330(7481):11–14.
32. Arseneault L., et al. Mental disorders and violence in total birth cohort: results from the Dunedin study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2000. 57(10):979–86.
33. Caspi A., et al. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry, 2005. 57(10):1117–27.
34. Fergusson D., Horwood J., Swain-Campbell N. Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people. Psychol Med, 2003. 33(1):15–21.
35. Fergusson D. M., Horwood L. J., Ridder E. M. Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. Addiction, 2005. 100(3):354–66.
36. Verdoux H., et al., Cannabis use and the expression of psychosis vulnerability in daily life. Eur Psychiatry, 2002. 17:180S–180S.
37. Degenhardt L., Tennant C., and Gilmour S., et al. The temporal dynamics of relationships between cannabis, psychosis and depression among young adults with psychotic disorders: Findings from a ten-month prospective study. Psychol Med, 2007. 37(7):927–34.
38. Mueser K. T., Bellack A. S., Blanchard J. J. Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: implications for treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol, 1992. 60(6):845–56.
39. Noordsy D. L., et al. Subjective experiences related to alcohol use among schizophrenics. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1991. 179(7):410–14.
40. Dixon L., et al. Acute effects of drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical observations and patients’ self-reports. Schizophr Bull, 1990. 16(1):69–79.
41. Peralta V., Cuesta M. J. Influence of cannabis abuse on schizophrenic psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1992. 85(2):127–30.
42. Schneier F. R., Siris S. G. A review of psychoactive substance use and abuse in schizophrenia: patterns of drug choice. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1987. 175(11):641–52.
43. Verdoux H., et al. Effects of cannabis and psychosis vulnerability in daily life: an experience sampling test study. Psychol Med, 2003. 33(1):23–32.
44. Lehman A. F., et al. Rehabilitation for adults with severe mental illness and substance use disorders: a clinical trial. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1993. 181(2):86–90.
45. Epstein J. N., et al. The effects of anxiety on continuous performance test functioning in an ADHD clinic sample. J Atten Disord, 1997. 2(1):45–52.
46. Jerrell J. M., Ridgely M. S. Comparative effectiveness of three approaches to serving people with severe mental illness and substance abuse disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis, 1995. 183(9):566–76.
47. Hall W., Degenhardt L., Lynskey M. (2001). The Health and Psychological Consequences of Cannabis Use. Canberra: Australian Publishing Service.
48. Julien R. (2001). A Primer of Drug Action. A Concise, Nontechnical Guide to the Actions, Uses, and Side Effects of Psychoactive Drugs. 9th ed. New York: Worth Publishers.
49. Fritzsche M. Are cannabinoid receptor knockout mice animal models for schizophrenia? Med Hypotheses, 2001. 56(6):638–43.
50. Glass M. The role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2001. 25(4):743–65.
51. Skosnik P. D., Spatz-Glenn L., Park S. Cannabis use is associated with schizotypy and attentional dysinhibition. Schizophr Res, 2001. 48:83–92.
52. Leweke F. M., et al. Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Neuroreport, 1999. 10(8):1665–9.
53. Dean B., et al. Studies on [3H]CP-55940 binding in the human central nervous system: regional specific changes in density of cannabinoid-1 receptors associated with schizophrenia and cannabis use. Neuroscience, 2001. 103(1):9–15.
54. D'Souza D. C., et al. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004. 29(8):1558–72.
55. Negrete J. C., et al. Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: results of a clinical survey. Psychol Med, 1986. 16:515–20.
56. Cleghorn J. M., et al. Substance abuse and schizophrenia: effect on symptoms but not on neurocognitive function. J Clin Psychiatr, 1991. 52:26–30.
57. Jablensky A., Sartorius N., Ernberg G. Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization Ten-Country Study. Psychol Med, 20(Suppl), 1991.
58. Martinez-Arevalo M. J., Calcedo-Ordonez A., Varo-Prieto J. R. Cannabis consumption as a prognostic factor in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry, 1994. 164:679–81.
59. Linszen, D. H., Dingemans P. M., Lenior M. E., Cannabis abuse and the course of recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1994. 51:273–9.
60. Zisook S., et al. Past substance abuse clinical course of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry, 1992. 149:552–3.
61. Kavanagh D. An intervention for substance abuse in schizophrenia. Behav Change, 1995. 12:20–30.
62. Mueser K., Bellack A., Blanchard J. Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: implications for treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol, 1992. 60(6):845–56.