These opening quotes suggest that scholars as diverse as Schlesinger and Derrida sense all is not well with sovereign national identities. They refer specifically to America and Europe, but the issue has much broader resonance. The names Europe and America could be replaced in these passages with Britain, Germany, France, and many other names given to nation-states, and still retain the sense of the two quotes. The instability of national identities recently has attracted attention in both academic and nonacademic circles. Within the mainstream of orthodox international relations, however, there is little interest in this topic. By conceptualizing the state as a given, unitary entity, the dominant realist approach has undermined the distinction between state, nation, and sovereignty. This permits questions of national identity and its relevance to sovereignty to be dismissed because they are presumed not to be problems.

This is an increasingly unsatisfactory point of view.