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2 - HIV basic virology for clinicians

from Part I - Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2010

By
Steven L. Zeichner
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Introduction

The molecular details of the HIV replication cycle largely determine the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by HIV and constrain the possible therapeutic strategies. Optimal diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of HIV infection in children thus require knowledge of the viral replication cycle, the viral targets affected by the antiretroviral agents, and the components of the virus detected by the tests used to manage the disease.

Classification and origin of HIV

HIV-1 is a member of the Lentivirus genus of retroviruses (reviewed in [1]). The virus is believed to have entered the human population in Africa about 70 years ago [2], probably as humans hunted and butchered chimpanzees for “bush meat” [3]. The animal virus most closely related to HIV-1, a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) designated SIVCPZ, is found in chimpanzees, and certain chimpanzee populations continue to harbor large numbers of retroviruses [4]. HIV-2, a less pathogenic relative of HIV-1, infects some human populations in western Africa, with a relatively small number of cases in other parts of the world [5]. HIV-2 is believed to derive from an immunodeficiency virus that infects monkeys. The closest relative to HIV-2 is a simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVSMM, with SMM denoting sooty mangabey monkey. HIV-2 has some biological properties that distinguish it from HIV-1, and the disease caused by HIV-2 differs from the disease caused by HIV-1. Untreated, HIV-2 disease is generally a much less fulminant disorder than the disease caused by HIV-1.

Type
Chapter
Information
Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 20 - 39
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • HIV basic virology for clinicians
    • By Steven L. Zeichner, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.005
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  • HIV basic virology for clinicians
    • By Steven L. Zeichner, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.005
Available formats
×

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • HIV basic virology for clinicians
    • By Steven L. Zeichner, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.005
Available formats
×