Issues of political economy were the prime influences on the making of the United Kingdom in 1707. However, other issues, notably those of confessionalism and of sovereignty were important considerations, not least as roadblocks to further British state formation. The principal roadblock as perceived by the English ministry was Jacobitism in Scotland. Jacobitism was certainly counter-revolutionary in wishing to subvert and ultimately overturn the Revolution settlements of 1689–91, but not necessarily the reactionary or regressive influence portrayed in Whig polemics and historiography. As an alternative path to modernity, Jacobitism favoured landed enterprise rather than overseas trade, commercial regulation rather than free marketing and, in a colonial context, proprietary government rather than direct rule by royal officials. Support for the exiled house of Stuart at Saint-Germain was based on more than abstract concepts of order, hierarchy and authority in church and state. Jacobitism represented an organic rather than a contractual view of state formation that stressed inclusion over exclusion. In Scotland, the governance of the future James VII & II as Duke of Albany & York won relatively favourable reviews, especially when contrasted with the far-from-benign reign of his successor, William of Orange. In 1701, the English parliament's unilateral pronouncement in favour of the house of Hanover was matched by Louis XIV of France recognising the Jacobite heir as James VIII & III. Accordingly, the accession of Queen Anne, after the death of all her children and a few months prior to the outbreak of war, threatened to turn the War of the Spanish Succession into the War of the British Succession.