Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Preface
- List of Abbreviations
- Part I Introduction
- Part II The Changing Context of Youth Transitions
- Part III Variations in Education and Employment Transitions during Times of Economic Hardship
- 5 Young People's Experiences of Employment and Unemployment across Europe: Evidence from the EU- SILC
- 6 Structural Advantages, Personal Capacities, and Young Adult Functioning during the Great Recession
- 7 The Vanishing Teenage Worker in the United States
- 8 Education and Employment Transitions in Germany before and after the Financial Crisis
- 9 Labor Market Entry in Germany before and after the Financial Crisis: An Analysis of Duration of Labor Market Entry, Quality of First Job, and Fixed- Term Employment
- Part IV The Impact of the Great Recession on Families
- Part V Future Orientations and Well-being
- Part VI Conclusion
- Index
- References
9 - Labor Market Entry in Germany before and after the Financial Crisis: An Analysis of Duration of Labor Market Entry, Quality of First Job, and Fixed- Term Employment
from Part III - Variations in Education and Employment Transitions during Times of Economic Hardship
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 October 2017
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Preface
- List of Abbreviations
- Part I Introduction
- Part II The Changing Context of Youth Transitions
- Part III Variations in Education and Employment Transitions during Times of Economic Hardship
- 5 Young People's Experiences of Employment and Unemployment across Europe: Evidence from the EU- SILC
- 6 Structural Advantages, Personal Capacities, and Young Adult Functioning during the Great Recession
- 7 The Vanishing Teenage Worker in the United States
- 8 Education and Employment Transitions in Germany before and after the Financial Crisis
- 9 Labor Market Entry in Germany before and after the Financial Crisis: An Analysis of Duration of Labor Market Entry, Quality of First Job, and Fixed- Term Employment
- Part IV The Impact of the Great Recession on Families
- Part V Future Orientations and Well-being
- Part VI Conclusion
- Index
- References
Summary
Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of the financial crisis in 2008 on the duration of labor market entry of men and women in East and West Germany. Furthermore, the effect of this crisis on the status at first job and fixed-term employment for East or West German men and women is analyzed. The empirical findings show that young Germans did need much more time to establish themselves in the labor market after the crisis. However, there were no significant differences between East and West Germans, men and women, or between skilled and unskilled workers with respect to the impact of the financial crisis on the duration of labor market entry. Furthermore, the financial crisis had a positive effect on the status of the first job. This was mainly the case because during the crisis unskilled jobs were quickly vanishing. There are no effects of the financial crisis on the quality of first jobs for East and West Germans as well as for men and women. Finally, the analyses demonstrate that fixed-term employment increased for men after the financial crisis. Again, there are no differences in the impact of the financial crisis on fixed-term employment at labor market entry for East and West Germans as well as between the skilled and the unskilled.
Introduction
In 2008, the sudden shock of the subprime mortgage crisis and the devaluation of housing-related securities in the United States triggered worldwide uncertainty about the viability of the global financial system. In the face of this credit crisis, the growth rates of real economies abruptly slowed down and unemployment rates in the USA and Europe increased rapidly (Verick 2009). In this chapter, I investigate the impact of this economic crisis by comparing young people who entered the German employment system shortly before and after 2008.
In the research literature, the German labor market has been characterized as an insider–outsider market where the established workers, the so-called “insiders,” are highly protected and the “outsiders” such as young people looking for a first job or women seeking employment after family related interruptions, such as child birth, having difficulty finding jobs, particularly in times of an economic crisis (Blossfeld et al. 2006; Müller and Gangl 2003; van de Velden and Wolbers 2003; see also Ashton, this volume).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Young People's Development and the Great RecessionUncertain Transitions and Precarious Futures, pp. 208 - 232Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
References
1982. Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories. Sociological Methodology 13: 61–98.Google Scholar
1989. Educational systems and labor market outcomes. European Sociological Review 5: 231–250.Google Scholar
, and . 2014. Economic crisis, welfare-labour market arrangements and unemployment in Europe. Presentation given at the ECSR conference 2014.
, , and . 2014. The gap between levels of qualification widens as the crisis deepens. Training & Employment 109: 1–8.Google Scholar
, , , , and . 2010. 20 Jahre Deutsche Einheit – Ein Vergleich der west- und ostdeutschen Betriebslandschaft im Krisenjahr 2009. IAB-Forschungsbericht 06.
1975. Human Capital. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
, and . 2010. Übernahmemöglichkeiten im Ausbildungsbetrieb. Eine Analyse mit dem IAB-Betriebspanel. Sozialer Fortschritt 59: 160–167.Google Scholar
1989. Kohortendifferenzierung und Karriereprozeß. Eine Längsschnittstudie über die Veränderung der Bildungs- und Berufschancen im Lebenslauf. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
, , , and . 2006. Globalization, Uncertainty and Youth in Society. New York: Routledge.
, , and . 2007. Event History Analysis with Stata. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
, , , and . 2008. Young Workers, Globalization and the Labor Market. Comparing Early Working Life in Eleven Countries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
, , and . 2011. Education as a lifelong process – The German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft: Special issue 14.
, , and . 1995. Returns to education: taking account of employers’ perceptions and use of educational credentials. European Sociological Review 11: 59–73.Google Scholar
, and . 2009. Ostdeutschland 20 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Was war und was ist heute mit der Wirtschaft? IZA Standpunkte No. 20.
2008. Die Flexibilisierung des Erwerbsverlaufs. Eine Analyse von Einstiegs- und Ausstiegsprozessen in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
, and . 2008.A new mobility regime in Germany? Young people's labor market entry and phase of establishment since the mid 1980s. In Young Workers, Globalization and the Labor Market. Comparing Early Working Life in Eleven Countries, eds. , , , and , 49–73. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
, and . 2002. Temporary jobs, employment protection and labor market performance. Labour Economics 9: 63–91.Google Scholar
, and . 2012. How did the Great Recession affect different types of workers? Evidence from 17 middle-income countries. World Development 41: 31–50.Google Scholar
, and . 2011. Reforming German labour market institutions: a dual path to flexibility. Journal of European Social Policy 21: 73–87.Google Scholar
1993. Changing Classes: Stratification and Mobility in Post-Industrial Societies. London: SAGE.
2003. The structure of labour market entry in Europe: a typological analysis. In Transitions from Education to Work in Europe: The Integration of Youth into EU Labour Markets, eds. and , 107–128. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2009. Fixed-term contracts at labour market entry in West Germany: implications for job search and first job quality. European Sociological Review 25: 661–675.Google Scholar
2011. Hard times for the less educated. Education and labor market entry in East Germany after reunification. In Making the Transition. Education and Labor Market Entry in Central and Eastern Europe, eds. , , and , 58–84. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
, and . 2009. Labour market flexibility and inequality: the changing risk patterns of temporary employment in West Germany. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung 42: 234–251.Google Scholar
, and . 2015. Youth unemployment and job quality in times of crisis: a European overview. Training & Employment 115: 1–4.Google Scholar
, , and . 2011. The Great Recession. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
2010. Traditional inequalities and new insecurities: long-term trends in the transition to the labor market in Germany. In A Young Generation Under Pressure? The Financial Situation and the “Rush Hour” of the Cohorts 1970–1985 in a Generational Comparison, ed. , 57–76. Berlin: Springer.
, , , and . 2013. Are graduates preferred to those completing initial vocational training? Case studies on company recruitment strategies in Germany, England and Switzerland. Journal of Vocational Education & Training 65: 1–17.Google Scholar
, and . 2008. Mapping gender and social background differences in education and youth transitions across Europe. Journal of Youth Studies 11: 213–232.Google Scholar
, , and . 2013. Trends in gender disparities at the transition from school to work: labour market entries of young men and women between 1984 and 2005 in West Germany. Journal of Vocational Education & Training 65: 48–65.Google Scholar
1989. Empirische Sozialstrukturanalyse und Theorien der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung. Soziale Welt 40: 297–304.Google Scholar
2006. After the fall of the wall: living through the post-socialist transformation in East Germany. In After the Fall of the Wall. Life Course in the Transformation of East Germany, eds. , , and , 1–28. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
2008. Das Hochschulwesen. In Das Bildungswesen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ed. , , , , and , 581–624. Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag.
, and . 1987. Jobs and classes: structural constraints on career mobility. European Sociological Review 3: 14–38.Google Scholar
, and . 2008. Skill formation. Interdisciplinary and cross-national perspectives. In Skill Formation. Interdisciplinary and Cross-National Perspectives, eds. and , 1–21. New York: Cambridge University Press.
, , and . 2008. The process and impacts of educational expansion: findings from the German Life History Study. Working Paper – The Centre for Research on Inequalities and the Life Course.
, , and . 2005. A bad start? Fixed-term contracts and the transition from education to work in West Germany. European Sociological Review 21: 359–374.Google Scholar
, , , , , and . 2014. Gender equality in the workforce: reconciling work, private and family life in Europe. Research Report by the European Commission.Google Scholar
2010. The German labor market response in the world recession – de-mystifying a miracle. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung 42: 325–336.Google Scholar
1978. Klassenlage und Lebenslauf. Mannheim (habilitation thesis).
, and . 2003. The transition from school to work: a European perspective. In Transition from Education to Work in Europe. The Integration of Youth into EU Labour Markets, eds. , and , 1–19. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2005. Patterns of labour market entry – Long wait or career instability? An empirical comparison of Italy, Great Britain and West Germany. European Sociological Review 21: 427–440.Google Scholar
2010. Auswirkungen des Strukturwandels der Wirtschaft auf den Bildungsstand der Bevölkerung. Wirtschaft und Statistik 6: 537–51.Google Scholar
and . 2009. Conceptualizing school-to-work transitions in context. In Transitions from School to Work. Globalization, Individualization, and Patterns of Diversity, eds. , and , 3–29. New York: Cambridge University Press.
, , , and . 2011. Poverty and income inequality in the early stages of the Great Recession. In The Great Recession, eds. , , and , 82–126. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
2002. “Ausbildungslosigkeit” als soziales Stigma in Bildungsgesellschaften. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 54: 476–505.Google Scholar
1994. Reconciling markets and institutions: the German apprentice system. In Training and the private sector, ed. , 25–60. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2006. Technical change, job tasks, and rising educational demands: looking outside the wage structure. Journal of Labour Economics 24: 235–270.Google Scholar
Statistic of the Federal Employment Agency (BA) (2014). Statistic of the unemployed individuals. Nuermberg.
2012a. Conclusion. In The Contextual Challenges of Occupational Sex Segregation, ed , 211–221. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
2012b. The state of the art in occupational sex segregation research. In The Contextual Challenges of Occupational Sex Segregation, ed. , 17–36. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
1975. Generating Inequality. London: The Macmillan Press.
2006. Die Veränderung des Heirats- und Fertilitätsverhaltens im Zuge der Bildungsexpansion. Eine Längsschnittanalyse für Ost- und Westdeutschland. In Die Bildungsexpansion: Erwartete und unerwartete Folgen, eds. and , 277–309. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
, and . 2003. The integration of young people into the labour market: the role of training systems and labour market regulation. In Transition from Education to Work in Europe. The Integration of Youth into EU Labour Markets, eds. , and , 186–211. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2009. Who is hit hardest during a financial crisis? The vulnerability of young men and women to unemployment in an economic downturn. IZA Discussion Papers 4329: 1–35.
2007. Patterns of labour market entry: a comparative perspective on school-to-work transitions in 11 European countries. Acta Sociologica 50: 189–210.Google Scholar
- 3
- Cited by