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Getting Credit examines why secured transactions law reforms yield uneven results in closing the five-trillion-dollar credit gap for micro, small, and medium enterprises. Combining multidisciplinary research, doctrinal analysis, and fieldwork observations, Castellano and Dubovec examine over thirty jurisdictions to show that success depends not on rules transplanted but on processes through which legal change unfolds. Bridging private law, financial regulation, and credit-market technology, the book examines how UNCITRAL and UNIDROIT standards, Basel and digital-finance regulations interact with domestic laws, how law reformers operate, and how secured-lending products - involving receivables, intellectual property, and warehouse receipts, as well as digital assets - function. It advances the Product-Focused Reform Strategy, a new method connecting secured lending to sustainable economic recovery, food security, and innovation. With a Foreword by Sir Roy Goode, Getting Credit is a major contribution to commercial law, comparative law, and development studies for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers worldwide.
Compared to the 1980s and '90s, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced a resurgence of economic growth, though this growth hasn't led to structural transformation. Additionally, SSA has underperformed in translating growth into positive development outcomes like poverty reduction. These patterns challenge standard growth theory, which predicts that growth at the top of the distribution will trickle down and benefit everyone. In We Are the World, the authors enrich and update research conducted over the last ten years, adding new evidence to recast the socio-economic narrative and pave the way for a candid and non-ideological debate on how to help SSA get on track. Challenging a widespread mainstream interpretation, the authors illuminate the nature, evolution, and consequences of SSA losing ground in the development race, offering a bold reform agenda to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development across the continent.
Capitalist development has lifted some segments of the globe to considerable affluence, but too many individuals and countries have been left behind. Diagnosing Capitalism analyses capitalism from a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on the different ways in which capitalism has developed in the Global North and the Global South. It reframes capitalism not as a neutral economic system, but as a regime of rule that organises subjectivity, institutions, and moral imagination. Featuring both theoretical and case-study chapters from highly renowned thinkers in the field of political economy, it draws on feminist, postcolonial, legal, and heterodox traditions to explore how valuation, financialisation, extractivism, and adaptive co-optation sustain global inequalities. It highlights how caste, coloniality, and welfare bureaucracies are not external to capitalism but central to its functioning. In doing so, it shows that no matter what theoretical lens we use to assess capitalism, its consequences and limitations cannot be ignored.
Digital technologies are reorganizing economies, politics, crime, and international relations faster than existing theories can explain. Rather than treating these changes as separate phenomena, The Digital Revolution and Institutional Change offers a unified framework for understanding how digital innovation reshapes social organization across domains. Drawing on institutional economics, it shows how property rights, transaction costs, and incomplete mental models shape both the adoption of new technologies and society's often flawed responses to them. It argues that international contracting and collective action routinely fails to address the unintended consequences of technological progress and explains why these failures are not accidental but structural. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on New Institutional Economics, this book is the first to analyse the digital revolution from the perspective of the economics of institutions, reframing how we think about technological change in the digital age.
This new edition offers a timely and compelling account of how development can be reclaimed as a central purpose of international trade law. Written for scholars, students, policymakers, and practitioners, it explains why a stable rule-based trading system remains essential for economic transformation and poverty reduction. The book provides a comprehensive and accessible guide to the core rules and disciplines of WTO law, while also confronting the systemic crisis facing the World Trade Organization today—marked by dispute settlement paralysis, growing unilateralism, and the resurgence of industrial policy in developed countries that increasingly conflicts with established trade rules. By combining rigorous legal analysis with a development-centered perspective, the book highlights both the challenges and the possibilities for renewing multilateralism. It ultimately proposes realistic pathways for reform, making it an essential resource for understanding the future of the world trading system and its role in global development.
For more than seven decades, the European Union has delivered on its founding promise of peace in Western Europe. Yet serious economic and political problems persist, among them widening regional inequality. Europe's Poison Pill exposes the hidden costs of EU Cohesion Policy, showing how initiatives meant to promote convergence instead entrench stagnation, distort incentives, and defer essential reforms. Drawing on historical evidence, contemporary case studies, and economic analysis, Nuno Palma demonstrates that structural and investment funds operate as a modern resource curse, weakening many of the regions they target. The book offers a roadmap for restoring Europe's competitiveness and institutional credibility. By challenging entrenched orthodoxies, it reframes the debate on Europe's future and confronts the costs of preserving a failed model.
Technological change and innovation have long fueled economic growth and employment. Yet, in recent decades, productivity gains have increasingly failed to translate into more jobs and higher wages. Jobless Growth and the New Great Transformation investigates this apparent paradox, by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence about the relationship between innovation and structural change. It combines rigorous and cutting-edge data analysis with EU case studies to reveal how recent technological breakthroughs, far from driving shared prosperity, have slowed growth, widened spatial divides and fueled societal polarization, partly due to excessive confidence in market deregulation. Drawing on data-driven analyses, the book explains why impacts of innovation vary so widely between regions and how history, institutions, and policy-not just market forces-determine who benefits from technological advances and who is left behind.
This book explores the political economy of Chinese and Japanese infrastructure financing in Indonesia, examining how Chinese and Japanese actors utilize diverse modes including Official Development Assistant, commercial loans, export credits, business-to-business investments and public-private partnerships to ensure profitability and manage risks.
Recent populist waves raise crucial questions about why economically harmful policies such as tariffs, Brexit, or immigration restrictions gain popular support. Conventional explanations focus on economic self-interest or cultural values; however, Beatrice Magistro's Who Thinks Like an Economist argues that the puzzle lies in how voters think. She introduces the innovative Economist Mental Model (EMM), which predicts attitudes toward trade, immigration, AI, and more. She explains that those adopting the Economist Mental Model are more likely to favor welfare-enhancing policies and prioritize cost-benefit information over partisan cues, while individuals with Alternative Mental Models (AMMs) show limited responsiveness to economic information and tend to support policies promising short-term relief at the expense of long-term welfare. Drawing on surveys and experiments in Italy, the UK, and the U.S., Magistro offers an indispensable guide for scholars and policymakers seeking to understand—and counter— the appeal of populist policies that ultimately harm society.
Drawing on a decade of research and more than 580 interviews, this innovative political economy case study explores Rwanda's bold attempt to transform its economy after the 1994 genocide into one of the most rapidly growing countries in Africa. Pritish Behuria offers a multi-sector analysis of how globalisation and domestic politics shape contemporary development challenges. This study critically analyses the Rwandan Patriotic Front's ambitions to reshape Rwanda into a regional services hub while grappling with foreign dependency, elite vulnerability and limited financial resources. Through extensive analysis of the political economy of multiple sectors and the macro-economy, Behuria uses the Rwandan case as a window into answering why structural transformation remains so elusive on the continent. The Political Economy of Rwanda's Rise provides fresh insights into highlighting the contemporary challenges facing African countries as they integrate into the global economy. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
A country's industrial policy aims at promoting the development of sectors that often relate to manufacturing and is especially important for less-developed countries as they seek to catch up economically. Industrial Development and Division of Labor re-examines the long history behind the debate on its formulation and organises the discussion around the two types of division of labour found in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. One type has evolved to become the neoclassical perspective and its notion of market failure that has heavily skewed the debate's history. Noting its limitations, including the simplified catch-up learning that is conceived, this book illustrates that arguments for industrial policy that are rejected by Neoclassical economists – so-called 'protectionist' and import-substituting ones – and newer notions involving innovation systems actually share roots with Smith's other type of labour division. They offer broader perspectives on policy that call for establishing elaborate interactive contexts for learning for development.
The Elite Quality Index 2025: The Sustainable Value Creation of Nations (EQx2025), the leading global political economy index, is a comparative ranking measuring the sustainability of nations that assesses whether elites create value and expand a nation’s knowledge capabilities or use their power to rent seek and maximize their own profits by transferring value from their stakeholders. The EQx2025 uses 149 indicators to analyze 151 countries and measures conceptual elements such as Power, Creative Destruction, and Unearned Income to determine whether the elites of a given country create or extract value from their nation. Elites are defined as those that lead a society’s most important business models and range from technology giants to labor unions, with members including business, political, and knowledge elites. Their collective coordination capacity helps them to leverage their power and influence over institutions. A nation’s elite system and its most powerful business models are essential for value creation and economic and human development. The report describes high-quality elites as those that can increase or grow the overall size of the economic pie, while low-quality elites use their power advantages to grow their own slice at the cost of others.
Ronald Coase's Nobel work outlined gains by reducing transaction costs and promoting property rights and markets to confront externalities. Countering market failure assertions and calls for centralized government intervention, Coase retorted that decentralized market negotiations could be welfare-improving by promoting collaborative, efficient problem solving, and releasing resources to the general economy. Despite this, his approach is not central to any US environmental law implemented after 1970. Federal government mandates dominate. Where's Coase? explains why. The private objectives of political agents lead to policies that are likely to be too costly and inequitable, despite provision of public goods. Citizens face high collective action costs and lack information to distinguish between public goods and private agent benefits. Examining three major environmental laws: the Clean Air Act, the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Act, and the Endangered Species Act, the book explores policy development and assesses the resulting costs relative to Coase's framework.
"Over a hundred years since the beginning of modern imperialism, the former colonial world is still prevented from joining the club of imperialist powers. The gap between rich and poor countries is not narrowing but growing. China is usually presented as challenging the dominance of the United States and other rich countries. However, imperialist domination over the most sophisticated aspects of the labour process gives the rich countries and their corporations control over the global labour process as a whole – including in China. Third World producers are forced to specialise in the opposite types of work – in relatively simple and low-end labour, for which major price markups and large profits are rarely possible. This is the kernel of unequal exchange in world trade. The imperialist system develops two types of capital – monopoly and non-monopoly capital – and two types of societies – rich, monopoly, imperialist societies and poor, non-monopoly, ‘Third World’ societies. China’s ascendance to become the most powerful Third World country in no way threatens to topple continuing imperialist dominance. Most contemporary Marxist writing has not been focused on global income polarisation and imperialist exploitation of the poor countries. For this reason, it has been unable to explain how exactly the same countries continuously reproduce their dominance. However, the actual conditions of the neoliberal world economy have made explicit how this happens through the labour process itself. In doing so it has also shown how Marx’s labour theory of value can be concretely applied to the conditions of monopoly capital today.
While much research has explored how perceptions of income inequality influence political outcomes - such as political participation, behaviour, and support for democracy - less attention has been given to how a country's economic and political conditions shape these perceptions. This article argues that economic outlook and political stability play a crucial role in shaping how youths perceive income inequality.
A youth and civic engagement survey conducted by the ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute between August and October 2024 found that Indonesian, Filipino and Thai youths are the most pessimistic about the economic prospects and political conditions of their countries. This bleak outlook aligns closely with their negative perceptions of income inequality.
In contrast, youths in Singapore and Vietnam exhibit higher levels of optimism, underpinned by the strong economic growth and political stability of their countries. These favourable conditions contribute to more positive perceptions of fairness in wealth distribution in their respective countries.
Malaysia, however, presents a more nuanced picture. Despite relatively high levels of income inequality, Malaysian youths remain optimistic about the economic future of the country, revealing a disconnect between economic optimism and perceptions of income inequality.
Overall, this article urges policymakers to address objective measures as well as subjective perceptions of inequality by fostering economic environments and political systems that bolster youth optimism and confidence in equitable development. Ensuring a balanced narrative regarding economic growth and fair wealth distribution is essential for sociopolitical stability in Southeast Asia in the future.
Establishing economic property rights is a ubiquitous human activity that is key to the creation of wealth. Why the Rush? combines economic and historical analysis to argue that the institution of homesteading, as established in the US through the Homestead Act of 1862, was a method to establish meaningful, economic property rights on the American frontier. It explains how homesteading rushed millions of people into specific areas, established a meaningful sovereignty without the use of military force and became the means by which the US Thwarted military and legal challenges. Using fine-grained data, along with a detailed theoretical analysis and exhaustive institutional content, this book makes a serious contribution to the study of economic property rights and institutions providing the definitive analysis of the economics of homesteading and its role in American economic history.
What causes cyclical downturns that wreak havoc on our lives? Most economists will say that they result from random external shocks and that, without these, the economy would sail along beautifully. In US Business Cycles 1954-2020, John Harvey argues that overwhelming evidence points to an internal dynamic, one related to the behavior of economic agents that generates what we call a business cycle. He draws on the work of past Post-Keynesian and Institutionalist scholars to create a current theory of business cycles, one that treats them as systemic and not the result of random chance. He addresses not only unemployment and bankruptcies that are the immediate consequence of the business cycle, but critical social challenges like climate change and elderly care. Examining an extensive history of US fluctuations, Harvey fills a long-standing void within the discipline by offering an alternative theory of income, employment, and price determination.
By the late 19th century, China had degenerated into one of the world's poorest economies. Despite generations of effort for national rejuvenation, China did not reverse its fate until the market-oriented reform. Since then, China has become the most dynamic economy in the world and is likely to regain its position as the world's largest economy before 2030. Demystifying the Chinese Economy, provides insightful answers to why China was so advanced in premodern times and what caused it to become so poor for almost two centuries. It explains how China maintained stability and grew rapidly in its transition to an open, market economy. Featuring three new chapters (and five new appendices) on challenges facing China's economic development and structural reform, this new edition covers topical issues such as the origins of US-Sino trade frictions, the impact of Donald Trump's presidency, and the development of the 'Belt and Road' initiative.
This authoritative volume offers a comprehensive exploration of China's rapidly evolving economy from a team of leading specialists. Readers will gain crucial insights into productivity dynamics, innovation, shifting demographics, and the country's ever-changing industrial landscape –encompassing firms, real estate, and trade flows. With a keen focus on the RMB, regulatory frameworks, and the pursuit of common prosperity, this book seamlessly blends cutting-edge research, real-world case studies, and forward-thinking analysis. It delivers a balanced examination of challenges and opportunities, fostering an informed discussion on China's critical role in the global marketplace. Ideal for academics, policymakers, business professionals, and curious readers alike, this timely and accessible resource unveils the many facets of the Chinese economy, guiding you through its complexities and highlighting strategic implications for the future.