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12661 results in History of science

Page 63 of 634

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres
  • Volume 7
  • Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck
  • Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1822
  • Best known for his ideas relating to evolution, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) first built his reputation as a botanist and was elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences in 1779. His career took a new turn in 1793 when he was made professor of 'insects, worms and microscopic animals' at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, although he lacked prior knowledge of the subject area. Undaunted, Lamarck set out to classify organisms which few naturalists had considered worthy of study since Linnaeus. He was the first to distinguish vertebrates from 'invertebrates' - a term he coined - by the presence of a vertebral column. In this groundbreaking seven-volume work, published between 1815 and 1822, he arranges invertebrates into twelve classes, laying the foundations for the modern study of these organisms. In volume 7, first published in 1822, Lamarck continues to classify molluscs.

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres
  • Volume 3
  • Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck
  • Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1816
  • Best known for his ideas relating to evolution, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) first built his reputation as a botanist and was elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences in 1779. His career took a new turn in 1793 when he was made professor of 'insects, worms and microscopic animals' at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, although he lacked prior knowledge of the subject area. Undaunted, Lamarck set out to classify organisms which few naturalists had considered worthy of study since Linnaeus. He was the first to distinguish vertebrates from 'invertebrates' - a term he coined - by the presence of a vertebral column. In this groundbreaking seven-volume work, published between 1815 and 1822, he arranges invertebrates into twelve classes, laying the foundations for the modern study of these organisms. Volume 3, first published in 1816, covers tunicates, worms and insects.

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres
  • Volume 2
  • Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck
  • Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1816
  • Best known for his ideas relating to evolution, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) first built his reputation as a botanist and was elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences in 1779. His career took a new turn in 1793 when he was made professor of 'insects, worms and microscopic animals' at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, although he lacked prior knowledge of the subject area. Undaunted, Lamarck set out to classify organisms which few naturalists had considered worthy of study since Linnaeus. He was the first to distinguish vertebrates from 'invertebrates' - a term he coined - by the presence of a vertebral column. In this groundbreaking seven-volume work, published between 1815 and 1822, he arranges invertebrates into twelve classes, laying the foundations for the modern study of these organisms. Volume 2, first published in 1816, covers polyps and radiata.

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres
  • Volume 1
  • Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck
  • Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1815
  • Best known for his ideas relating to evolution, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) first built his reputation as a botanist and was elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences in 1779. His career took a new turn in 1793 when he was made professor of 'insects, worms and microscopic animals' at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, although he lacked prior knowledge of the subject area. Undaunted, Lamarck set out to classify organisms which few naturalists had considered worthy of study since Linnaeus. He was the first to distinguish vertebrates from 'invertebrates' - a term he coined - by the presence of a vertebral column. In this groundbreaking seven-volume work, published between 1815 and 1822, he arranges invertebrates into twelve classes, laying the foundations for the modern study of these organisms. Volume 1, first published in 1815, introduces zoological concepts and begins the classification with the simplest microscopic organisms, the infusoria.

On Growth and Form
  • D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
  • Edited by John Tyler Bonner
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    15 May 2014
  • Why do living things and physical phenomena take the form they do? D'Arcy Thompson's classic On Growth and Form looks at the way things grow and the shapes they take. Analysing biological processes in their mathematical and physical aspects, this historic work, first published in 1917, has also become renowned for the sheer poetry of its descriptions. A great scientist sensitive to the fascinations and beauty of the natural world tells of jumping fleas and slipper limpets; of buds and seeds; of bees' cells and rain drops; of the potter's thumb and the spider's web; of a film of soap and a bubble of oil; of a splash of a pebble in a pond.

Ulfáz Udwiyeh, or the Materia Medica
  • In the Arabic, Persian, and Hindevy Languages
  • Compiled by Noureddeen Mohammed Abdullah al-Shirazi
  • Translated by Francis Gladwin
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    28 March 2013
    First published in:
    1793
  • This materia medica - a book of collected knowledge about medicines and their properties - was originally written in Persian by Noureddeen Mohammed Abdullah al-Shirazi (fl.1625–40), physician to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, to whom it was dedicated. This 1793 publication contains entries in Persian, Arabic and Hindi, with English translations by Francis Gladwin (1744–1812), an employee of the East India Company and professor of Persian at Fort William College. The work begins by giving traditional Arabic evaluations of each type of medicine in terms of its power on a scale of 1 to 4, before presenting the dictionary of over 1,400 medicines, some with notes on their properties and usage. Providing an insight into healing practices in India in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this work remains of interest to scholars in the history of medicine.

The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering
  • David Stevenson
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    06 May 2013
    First published in:
    1872
  • One of the leading figures in the age of great engineers, David Stevenson (1815–86) was the son of a lighthouse builder, and while studying at Edinburgh University he was already gaining experience at his father's side. It is for his lighthouses and works of inland navigation that he is best remembered: he designed Britain's most northerly lighthouse and worked on improving navigation on rivers such as the Dee, the Forth and the Clyde. His article on inland navigation for the Encyclopaedia Britannica was published separately in 1858, and was revised and updated for this second edition in 1872. Although Stevenson acknowledges that the age of the canal has been superseded by the age of the railway, he maintains that there is much to learn from the older technology. Illustrated with cross-sections and plans, this work will be of interest to readers seeking to explore the history of Britain's industrial infrastructure.

The Golem at Large
  • What You Should Know about Technology
  • Harry Collins, Trevor Pinch
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    15 May 2014
  • In the very successful and widely discussed first volume in the Golem series, The Golem: What You Should Know about Science, Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch likened science to the Golem, a creature from Jewish mythology, a powerful creature which, while not evil, can be dangerous because it is clumsy. In this second volume, the authors now consider the Golem of technology. In a series of case studies they demonstrate that the imperfections in technology are related to the uncertainties in science described in the first volume. The case studies cover the role of the Patriot anti-missile missile in the Gulf War, the Challenger space shuttle explosion, tests of nuclear fuel flasks and of anti-misting kerosene as a fuel for airplanes, economic modeling, the question of the origins of oil, analysis of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and the contribution of lay expertise to the analysis of treatments for AIDS.

Cambridge Scientific Minds
  • Edited by Peter Harman, Simon Mitton
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    21 January 2002
  • Since the 'scientific revolution' of the seventeenth century, a great number of distinguished scientists and mathematicians have been associated with the University of Cambridge. Cambridge Scientific Minds provides a portrait of some of the most eminent scientists associated with the University over the past 400 years, including accounts of the work of three of the greatest figures in the entire history of science, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and James Clerk Maxwell. The chronological balance reflects the increasing importance of science in the recent history of the University. The book comprises personal memoirs and historical essays, including contributions by leading Cambridge scientists. Cambridge Scientific Minds will be of interest not only to graduates of the University, science students and historians of science, but to anyone wishing to gain an insight into some of the greatest scientific minds in history.

Page 63 of 634