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13574 results in History of science and technology

Page 557 of 679

  • Science and Religion in the Writings of Dr William Fulke

  • Richard Bauckham
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / March 1975
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 17-31
    Print publication:
    March 1975
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  • The Regenerator Principle in the Stirling and Ericsson Hot Air Engines

  • Edward E. Daub
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 259-277
    Print publication:
    November 1974

  • During the first half of the nineteenth century the Stirling brothers and John Ericsson made significant attempts to design hot air engines which could provide an economical alternative to high-pressure steam. They believed that it would be possible to gain fuel efficiencies superior to those obtained with steam by employing a heat exchanger within the air engine cycle, erroneously supposing that such a heat exchanger could eliminate the large loss of heat incurred in the condenser of the steam engine. The Stirling brothers called their heat exchanger an economizer because it prevented the waste of heat, but Ericsson coined the term regenerator because he imagined that the power of the heat (caloric) could actually be regenerated, i.e. re-used in the engine to generate mechanical work. Ericsson's term became commonly accepted, so that Stirling's economizer is now also referred to as a generator. These attempts to attain high horsepower outputs with hot air engines were abandoned after the dramatic failure of Ericsson's notorious paddle steamer in the early 1850s. Further ventures were aimed at the more limited goal of low horsepowers and generally ignored the regenerator principle.

  • BJH volume 7 issue 3 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. f1-f4
    Print publication:
    November 1974
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  • Kepler's Second Law in England

  • Victor E. Thoren
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 243-256
    Print publication:
    November 1974

  • In two recent articles by Russell and Whiteside, the reception of those particular conclusions of Kepler that have come to be called his laws of planetary motion has been subjected to the first research beyond the pioneering efforts of Delambre at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Independently conceived, and directed towards quite different ends, these two investigations overlapped in only one substantial area—their survey of citations of Kepler's second law by English astronomers between 1650 and 1670. Not surprisingly, they reached essentially identical conclusions about the situation in 1670. Finding ‘equant’ theories instead of the law of areas, wherever he looked, Russell qualified his general claim ‘that the importance of Kepler's ideas during the period [up to 1666] has been greatly underestimated’, to the extent of describing the history of the second law as ‘chequered’ and ‘complicated’. And Whiteside simply reported that Kepler's scheme for reckoning motion in the elliptical orbit ‘was seemingly firmly accepted by no one, and even its formal enunciation but rarely stated in the period’.

  • Dorothy Feyer

  • E. Ashworth Underwood
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, p. 304
    Print publication:
    November 1974
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Page 557 of 679